scholarly journals Advances in Finger and Partial Hand Prosthetic Mechanisms

Robotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Erasmo Difonzo ◽  
Giovanni Zappatore ◽  
Giacomo Mantriota ◽  
Giulio Reina
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Functional Design ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Single Finger ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Robust Systems

Approximately 70% of the upper extremity amputations refers to partial hand loss with the involvement of one or more fingers. Historically, this type of limb amputation has been addressed adopting simple opposition designs that use the movement of the residual digit for grasping against a fixed device. Nevertheless, in the last few years, technological advances, and the introduction of modern computer-aided tools for the synthesis and functional design of mechanisms have led to the development of smaller, more robust systems that are constantly improving body-powered and electrically-powered prototypes. This paper surveys cutting-edge solutions proposed in research or available on the market for single finger or partial hand prostheses. First, the main design requirements are outlined. Then, a wide number of prototypes are detailed underlying advantages and drawbacks. The overall goal is to create a solid starting point for the study and development of the next generation of prostheses that can be developed to advance the current state-of-the-art.

scholarly journals Electrode-free visual prosthesis/exoskeleton control using augmented reality glasses in a first proof-of-technical-concept study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Hazubski ◽  
Harald Hoppe ◽  
Andreas Otte
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Visual Prosthesis ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
Current State ◽  
First Time ◽  
Robust Systems

Abstract In the field of neuroprosthetics, the current state-of-the-art method involves controlling the prosthesis with electromyography (EMG) or electrooculography/electroencephalography (EOG/EEG). However, these systems are both expensive and time consuming to calibrate, susceptible to interference, and require a lengthy learning phase by the patient. Therefore, it is an open challenge to design more robust systems that are suitable for everyday use and meet the needs of patients. In this paper, we present a new concept of complete visual control for a prosthesis, an exoskeleton or another end effector using augmented reality (AR) glasses presented for the first time in a proof-of-concept study. By using AR glasses equipped with a monocular camera, a marker attached to the prosthesis is tracked. Minimal relative movements of the head with respect to the prosthesis are registered by tracking and used for control. Two possible control mechanisms including visual feedback are presented and implemented for both a motorized hand orthosis and a motorized hand prosthesis. Since the grasping process is mainly controlled by vision, the proposed approach appears to be natural and intuitive.

scholarly journals Fungi-Based Microbial Fuel Cells

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sekrecka-Belniak ◽  
Renata Toczyłowska-Mamińska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Cathode Catalysts ◽  
Current State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Current Production

Fungi are among the microorganisms able to generate electricity as a result of their metabolic processes. Throughout the last several years, a large number of papers on various microorganisms for current production in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been published; however, fungi still lack sufficient evaluation in this regard. In this review, we focus on fungi, paying special attention to their potential applicability to MFCs. Fungi used as anodic or cathodic catalysts, in different reactor configurations, with or without the addition of an exogenous mediator, are described. Contrary to bacteria, in which the mechanism of electron transfer is pretty well known, the mechanism of electron transfer in fungi-based MFCs has not been studied intensively. Thus, here we describe the main findings, which can be used as the starting point for future investigations. We show that fungi have the potential to act as electrogens or cathode catalysts, but MFCs based on bacteria–fungus interactions are especially interesting. The review presents the current state-of-the-art in the field of MFC systems exploiting fungi.

scholarly journals Cost-Based Goal Recognition in Navigational Domains

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 197-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peta Masters ◽  
Sebastian Sardina
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Identical Result ◽  
Task Planning ◽  
Maximum Probability ◽  
Current State ◽  
Current Location ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Goal Recognition ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Start Location

Goal recognition is the problem of determining an agent's intent by observing her behaviour. Contemporary solutions for general task-planning relate the probability of a goal to the cost of reaching it. We adapt this approach to goal recognition in the strict context of path-planning. We show (1) that a simpler formula provides an identical result to current state-of-the-art in less than half the time under all but one set of conditions. Further, we prove (2) that the probability distribution based on this technique is independent of an agent's past behaviour and present a revised formula that achieves goal recognition by reference to the agent's starting point and current location only. Building on this, we demonstrate (3) that a Radius of Maximum Probability (i.e., the distance from a goal within which that goal is guaranteed to be the most probable) can be calculated from relative cost-distances between the candidate goals and a start location, without needing to calculate any actual probabilities. In this extended version of earlier work, we generalise our framework to the continuous domain and discuss our results, including the conditions under which our findings can be generalised back to goal recognition in general task-planning.

scholarly journals Rapid discovery of novel prophages using biological feature engineering and machine learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimmo Sirén ◽  
Andrew Millard ◽  
Bent Petersen ◽  
M Thomas P Gilbert ◽  
Martha RJ Clokie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Machine Learning Method ◽  
Biological Feature ◽  
Bacterial Genomes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Feature Based

ABSTRACTProphages are phages that are integrated into bacterial genomes and which are key to understanding many aspects of bacterial biology. Their extreme diversity means they are challenging to detect using sequence similarity, yet this remains the paradigm and thus many phages remain unidentified. We present a novel, fast and generalizing machine learning method based on feature space to facilitate novel prophage discovery. To validate the approach, we reanalyzed publicly available marine viromes and single-cell genomes using our feature-based approaches and found consistently more phages than were detected using current state-of-the-art tools while being notably faster. This demonstrates that our approach significantly enhances bacteriophage discovery and thus provides a new starting point for exploring new biologies.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Nanoporous Anodic Alumina: Principles, Engineering, and Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Jakub T. Domagalski ◽  
Elisabet Xifre-Perez ◽  
Lluis F. Marsal
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Anodic Alumina ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Fabrication Technology ◽  
Nanoporous Anodic Alumina ◽  
Current State ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Nanofabrication Technique

The development of aluminum anodization technology features many stages. With the story stretching for almost a century, rather straightforward—from current perspective—technology, raised into an iconic nanofabrication technique. The intrinsic properties of alumina porous structures constitute the vast utility in distinct fields. Nanoporous anodic alumina can be a starting point for: Templates, photonic structures, membranes, drug delivery platforms or nanoparticles, and more. Current state of the art would not be possible without decades of consecutive findings, during which, step by step, the technique was more understood. This review aims at providing an update regarding recent discoveries—improvements in the fabrication technology, a deeper understanding of the process, and a practical application of the material—providing a narrative supported with a proper background.

scholarly journals Electric Vehicles: Bibliometric Analysis of the Current State of the Art and Perspectives

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Willams Barbosa ◽  
Thomaz Prado ◽  
Cleovano Batista ◽  
Julio César Câmara ◽  
Rodrigo Cerqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
And Storage

In order to gain a comprehensive view of electric vehicles (EVs) technologies and understand the emphasis of current research, this study evaluated the most relevant themes related to EVs through a bibliometric analysis using the keyword “electric vehicle” as the input. The Web of ScienceTM (WoS) database was used because it is considered ideal for bibliometric analysis. The VOSviewer software was adopted as a bibliometric analysis tool to visualize the networks of authors, countries, journals and keywords. The analysis carried out on 9 November 2021 retrieved a total of 29,304 documents in the period 2000 to 2021. The results show that in the last nine years the number of publications about EVs has grown significantly. The China is the leading nation in the field of EV research, contributing the largest number of publications in the world, with the main authors and research institutions involved. The journal Energies stands out as the main publishing periodical. Keyword analysis showed that studies on EVs in the last two decades have focused on themes related to energy management and storage, infrastructure and charging systems and environmental issues. The bibliometric analysis presented provides relevant information on the main themes studied about EVs and technological advances in development.

Modern Doppler Navigation Systems

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-500
Author(s):  
T. Gray ◽  
T. G. Thorne
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Analog Computer ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Present Position ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mechanically Stabilized

This paper, which was presented at an Ordinary Meeting of the Institute in London on 21 November 1979, with S. Ratcliffe in the Chair, traces the evolution of airborne doppler navigation systems over the past two decades and discusses the treatment of errors introduced when flying over water. Both authors are with Decca Radar Ltd.The object of this paper is to describe briefly the major developments which have taken place in doppler navigation systems during the past 15 years or so, to indicate the current state of the art and to examine in some detail the behaviour of doppler systems when flying over water. The year 1960 is taken as a starting point since by that time commercial doppler systems were established. A typical general purpose system of that generation (Fig. 1) consisted of the following units:1. An antenna, probably mechanically stabilized.2. A transmitter/receiver using either pulse or FMCW modulation.3. A tracking system.4. An analog computer.5. A display of ground-speed and drift-angle.6. A display of present position.

scholarly journals SoS TextVis: An Extended Survey of Surveys on Text Visualization

Computers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alharbi ◽  
Robert Laramee
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analytics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Text Visualization ◽  
Current State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Visualization Techniques

Text visualization is a rapidly growing sub-field of information visualization and visual analytics. There are many approaches and techniques introduced every year to address a wide range of challenges and analysis tasks, enabling researchers from different disciplines to obtain leading-edge knowledge from digitized collections of text. This can be challenging particularly when the data is massive. Additionally, the sources of digital text have spread substantially in the last decades in various forms, such as web pages, blogs, twitter, email, electronic publications, and digitized books. In response to the explosion of text visualization research literature, the first text visualization survey article was published in 2010. Furthermore, there are a growing number of surveys that review existing techniques and classify them based on text research methodology. In this work, we aim to present the first Survey of Surveys (SoS) that review all of the surveys and state-of-the-art papers on text visualization techniques and provide an SoS classification. We study and compare the 14 surveys, and categorize them into five groups: (1) Document-centered, (2) user task analysis, (3) cross-disciplinary, (4) multi-faceted, and (5) satellite-themed. We provide survey recommendations for researchers in the field of text visualization. The result is a very unique, valuable starting point and overview of the current state-of-the-art in text visualization research literature.

Behavioral Genetics: Concepts for Research and Practice in Language Development and Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Gilger
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Behavioral Genetic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Designs

This paper is an introduction to behavioral genetics for researchers and practioners in language development and disorders. The specific aims are to illustrate some essential concepts and to show how behavioral genetic research can be applied to the language sciences. Past genetic research on language-related traits has tended to focus on simple etiology (i.e., the heritability or familiality of language skills). The current state of the art, however, suggests that great promise lies in addressing more complex questions through behavioral genetic paradigms. In terms of future goals it is suggested that: (a) more behavioral genetic work of all types should be done—including replications and expansions of preliminary studies already in print; (b) work should focus on fine-grained, theory-based phenotypes with research designs that can address complex questions in language development; and (c) work in this area should utilize a variety of samples and methods (e.g., twin and family samples, heritability and segregation analyses, linkage and association tests, etc.).

Endovascular management of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms and acute aortic dissections

VASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Stephen Hofmeister ◽  
Matthew B. Thomas ◽  
Joseph Paulisin ◽  
Nicolas J. Mouawad
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Endovascular Interventions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Vascular Emergencies ◽  
Aortic Dissections

Abstract. The management of vascular emergencies is dependent on rapid identification and confirmation of the diagnosis with concurrent patient stabilization prior to immediate transfer to the operating suite. A variety of technological advances in diagnostic imaging as well as the advent of minimally invasive endovascular interventions have shifted the contemporary treatment algorithms of such pathologies. This review provides a comprehensive discussion on the current state and future trends in the management of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms as well as acute aortic dissections.

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