scholarly journals Behavior Bounding: An Efficient Method for High-Level Behavior Comparison

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 165-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Data Structures ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Agent Behavior ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Version Spaces ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
High Level

In this paper, we explore methods for comparing agent behavior with human behavior to assist with validation. Our exploration begins by considering a simple method of behavior comparison. Motivated by shortcomings in this initial approach, we introduce behavior bounding, an automated model-based approach for comparing behavior that is inspired, in part, by Mitchell’s Version Spaces. We show that behavior bounding can be used to compactly represent both human and agent behavior. We argue that relatively low amounts of human effort are required to build, maintain, and use the data structures that underlie behavior bounding, and we provide a theoretical basis for these arguments using notions of PAC Learnability. Next, we show empirical results indicating that this approach is effective at identifying differences in certain types of behaviors and that it performs well when compared against our initial benchmark methods. Finally, we demonstrate that behavior bounding can produce information that allows developers to identify and fix problems in an agent’s behavior much more efficiently than standard debugging techniques.

A Theoretical Basis of Human Behavior.

1929 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Paul V. West ◽  
Albert P. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Basis

Automatic Beach & Garden Umbrella with Rain Sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 1714-1722
Author(s):  
Md Subhan Alam
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Method ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Project Report ◽  
Is Management ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
Cost Efficient

The aim of this project report is to form a sensible umbrella which may cut back human effort to its practicality and may target the market to its distinctive style, is basically vital in trendy society in danger of rain and wind while not coverage the aim of this project is to form such associate umbrella that's extremely sensitive within the incidences of rain and daylight at domestic and market level. Specifically, in summer season the ground of open areas gets thus heat to sun lightweight that produces problem for operating. This umbrella covers the whole hall throughout the rain and daylight. This umbrella operates with the assistance of various sensors like temperature sensors, water sensors and wind sensors. The gap and shutting of umbrella is being controlled through a motor. Motor will provides a fast and instant response to the shaft so shaft will play a significant role of power transmission for gap and shutting of umbrella. Motor provides needed rate to the shaft. Whenever temperature of the atmosphere goes on top of 28°, temperature device sends signal to Arduino that is management unit box. Then Arduino sends signal more to the motor so motor might activate and deliver needed rate to the coupling shaft. This project could be a cost-efficient method of providing machine-controlled controlled shade from high intensity daylight and rain. So, the issues of open and large areas is solved by mistreatment such kinds of machine-controlled umbrellas.

scholarly journals Efektivitas penurunan jumlah angka kuman alat makan dan efisiensi biaya yang digunakan pada metode pencucian alat makan di Rumah Sakit Kota Surakarta

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Annisa Andriyani ◽  
I Made Alit Gunawan ◽  
Joko Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Orthopedic Hospital ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
The Cost

Background : Proper process of dishwashing has an important role in the prevention of disease transmission because unclean dishes that contain microorganism can transmit diseases through foods. Therefore, the process of dishwashing has to fulfill the standard of health. Currently, there are three methods of dishwashing in the hospital; electronic dishwashing, three compartment sink (TCS), and conventional method. They have the same purpose, i.e. cleaning dishes. To find out effectiveness and efficiency of those three methods, it is necessary to know the germ rate and cost spent. Objective : To identify the effectiveness of germ rate reduction and cost efficiency of electronic dishwashing, TCS, and conventional method of dishwashing at hospitals in Surakarta Municipality. Method : This experiment used randomized design trial. Populations were all dishes at hospitals of Surakarta Municipality with certain criteria. Hospitals that fulfilled the criteria were Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso Orthopedic Hospital, and Banjarsari Hospital. There were six items of samples consisting of two plates, two drinking glasses, and two spoons. The number of experiment units in the study were 3 experiments x 3 times repeating x 6 items of dishes x 2 evaluations totaling 108 units of experiment. Analysis used t-test, ANOVA, and cost effectiveness.Result : Washing process used electronic dishwashing, TCS, and simple method could reduce the different numbers of germs, those amounted to 84 colony/cm2, 1,276.38 colony/cm2, and 321.27 colony/cm2, respectively. TCS was the most effective and efficient method in reducing the number of germ. The cost only Rp 1,00 to reduce 15.56 colony/cm2 using TCS method. Conclusion : There were different reductions of germ rate after dishwashing used electronic dishwashing, TCS, and conventional methods. Among them, TCS was the most effective and efficient method in reducing germ rate.

scholarly journals Embarrassingly Parallel Search in Constraint Programming

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 421-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Malapert ◽  
Jean-Charles Régin ◽  
Mohamed Rezgui
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Parallel Search ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Constraint Solver ◽  
Average Performance ◽  
Depth Analysis

We introduce an Embarrassingly Parallel Search (EPS) method for solving constraint problems in parallel, and we show that this method matches or even outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms on a number of problems using various computing infrastructures. EPS is a simple method in which a master decomposes the problem into many disjoint subproblems which are then solved independently by workers. Our approach has three advantages: it is an efficient method; it involves almost no communication or synchronization between workers; and its implementation is made easy because the master and the workers rely on an underlying constraint solver, but does not require to modify it. This paper describes the method, and its applications to various constraint problems (satisfaction, enumeration, optimization). We show that our method can be adapted to different underlying solvers (Gecode, Choco2, OR-tools) on different computing infrastructures (multi-core, data centers, cloud computing). The experiments cover unsatisfiable, enumeration and optimization problems, but do not cover first solution search because it makes the results hard to analyze. The same variability can be observed for optimization problems, but at a lesser extent because the optimality proof is required. EPS offers good average performance, and matches or outperforms other available parallel implementations of Gecode as well as some solvers portfolios. Moreover, we perform an in-depth analysis of the various factors that make this approach efficient as well as the anomalies that can occur. Last, we show that the decomposition is a key component for efficiency and load balancing.

scholarly journals Generalization of motor learning in psychological space

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Poh ◽  
Naser Al-Fawakari ◽  
Rachel Tam ◽  
Jordan A. Taylor ◽  
Samuel D. McDougle
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Visuomotor Adaptation ◽  
Movement Kinematics ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Target Shape ◽  
Motor Behaviors ◽  
Inference Problems ◽  
Similarity Ratings ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTTo generate adaptive movements, we must generalize what we have previously learned to novel situations. The generalization of learned movements has typically been framed as a consequence of neural tuning functions that overlap for similar movement kinematics. However, as is true in many domains of human behavior, situations that require generalization can also be framed as inference problems. Here, we attempt to broaden the scope of theories about motor generalization, hypothesizing that part of the typical motor generalization function can be characterized as a consequence of top-down decisions about different movement contexts. We tested this proposal by having participants make explicit similarity ratings over traditional contextual dimensions (movement directions) and abstract contextual dimensions (target shape), and perform a visuomotor adaptation generalization task where trials varied over those dimensions. We found support for our predictions across five experiments, which revealed a tight link between subjective similarity and motor generalization. Our findings suggest that the generalization of learned motor behaviors is influenced by both low-level kinematic features and high-level inferences.

THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE FORMATION OF E-GOVERNMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (04) ◽  
pp. 157-159
Author(s):  
Elmira Elmar Hashimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Electronic Document ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Research has shown that the application of ICT in the country has a dynamic economic effect. Due to the e-services available in our country, their arrangement on the portal and the level of use, it should be noted that the implementation of services provided by government agencies in electronic form is at a high level and widespread. More measures should be taken to electronicize the services provided by government agencies. In addition, it would be expedient to computerize all services provided by government agencies. The article examines the theoretical foundations of the formation of e-government, reflects the state of e-government and e-services in the world and in Azerbaijan. Key words: electronic government, electronic document, formation, government-to-citizen, government-to-business, government-to-government

scholarly journals Inferring Emotion Tags from Object Images Using Convolutional Neural Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5333
Author(s):  
Anam Manzoor ◽  
Waqar Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Ehatisham-ul-Haq ◽  
Abdul Hannan ◽  
Muhammad Asif Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Object Categories ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
High Level ◽  
Human Behavior Analysis

Emotions are a fundamental part of human behavior and can be stimulated in numerous ways. In real-life, we come across different types of objects such as cake, crab, television, trees, etc., in our routine life, which may excite certain emotions. Likewise, object images that we see and share on different platforms are also capable of expressing or inducing human emotions. Inferring emotion tags from these object images has great significance as it can play a vital role in recommendation systems, image retrieval, human behavior analysis and, advertisement applications. The existing schemes for emotion tag perception are based on the visual features, like color and texture of an image, which are poorly affected by lightning conditions. The main objective of our proposed study is to address this problem by introducing a novel idea of inferring emotion tags from the images based on object-related features. In this aspect, we first created an emotion-tagged dataset from the publicly available object detection dataset (i.e., “Caltech-256”) using subject evaluation from 212 users. Next, we used a convolutional neural network-based model to automatically extract the high-level features from object images for recognizing nine (09) emotion categories, such as amusement, awe, anger, boredom, contentment, disgust, excitement, fear, and sadness. Experimental results on our emotion-tagged dataset endorse the success of our proposed idea in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and F1-score. Overall, the proposed scheme achieved an accuracy rate of approximately 85% and 79% using top-level and bottom-level emotion tagging, respectively. We also performed a gender-based analysis for inferring emotion tags and observed that male and female subjects have discernment in emotions perception concerning different object categories.

Agent-Based Negotiation in E-Marketing

2005 ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
V. K. Murthy ◽  
E. V. Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Data Structures ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Rule System ◽  
High Level ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Active Objects

This article describes in brief the design of agent-based negotiation system in e-marketing. Such a negotiation scheme requires the construction of a suitable set of rules, called protocol, among the participating agents. The construction of the protocol is carried out in two stages: first expressing a program into an object-based rule system and then converting the rule applications into a set of agent-based transactions on a database of active objects represented using high-level data structures.

scholarly journals Quotient polynomials with positive coefficients

2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (542) ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
Mark B. Villarino
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Method ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Present Author ◽  
Positive Root ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Positive Coefficients

In a recent paper [1] Michael Hirschhorn and the present author had to prove that the polynomialis positive for all integers n ≥ 4. We did so by writing down the identitySince all the coefficients of the quotient polynomial are positive as well as the remainder, this shows by inspection that f(n) > 0 for n ≥ 5 and computing f(4) = 12025 completes the proof. This example illustrates a useful and efficient method for proving that polynomials have strictly positive values for all real numbers exceeding a given one. We leamed this method from a paper by Chen [2], (see [3] and the references cited there), and we have subsequently used it in our own researches [1,4].We also conjectured in [1] that the theoretical basis of the method is a true theorem and the present paper is dedicated to proving this conjecture.Theorem 1: Let f(x) be a polynomial with real coefficients whose leading coefficient is positive and with at least one positive root x = a. Then there exists an x = b ≥ a such thatwhere f(b), and all the coefficients of the quotient polynomial g(x), are non-negative.

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