scholarly journals Efektivitas penurunan jumlah angka kuman alat makan dan efisiensi biaya yang digunakan pada metode pencucian alat makan di Rumah Sakit Kota Surakarta

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Annisa Andriyani ◽  
I Made Alit Gunawan ◽  
Joko Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Orthopedic Hospital ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
The Cost

Background : Proper process of dishwashing has an important role in the prevention of disease transmission because unclean dishes that contain microorganism can transmit diseases through foods. Therefore, the process of dishwashing has to fulfill the standard of health. Currently, there are three methods of dishwashing in the hospital; electronic dishwashing, three compartment sink (TCS), and conventional method. They have the same purpose, i.e. cleaning dishes. To find out effectiveness and efficiency of those three methods, it is necessary to know the germ rate and cost spent. Objective : To identify the effectiveness of germ rate reduction and cost efficiency of electronic dishwashing, TCS, and conventional method of dishwashing at hospitals in Surakarta Municipality. Method : This experiment used randomized design trial. Populations were all dishes at hospitals of Surakarta Municipality with certain criteria. Hospitals that fulfilled the criteria were Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso Orthopedic Hospital, and Banjarsari Hospital. There were six items of samples consisting of two plates, two drinking glasses, and two spoons. The number of experiment units in the study were 3 experiments x 3 times repeating x 6 items of dishes x 2 evaluations totaling 108 units of experiment. Analysis used t-test, ANOVA, and cost effectiveness.Result : Washing process used electronic dishwashing, TCS, and simple method could reduce the different numbers of germs, those amounted to 84 colony/cm2, 1,276.38 colony/cm2, and 321.27 colony/cm2, respectively. TCS was the most effective and efficient method in reducing the number of germ. The cost only Rp 1,00 to reduce 15.56 colony/cm2 using TCS method. Conclusion : There were different reductions of germ rate after dishwashing used electronic dishwashing, TCS, and conventional methods. Among them, TCS was the most effective and efficient method in reducing germ rate.

A generalized fuzzy cost efficiency model

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1775-1791
Author(s):  
Nazila Aghayi ◽  
Samira Salehpour
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Fuzzy Environment ◽  
Decision Making Unit ◽  
Production Possibility Set ◽  
Fuzzy Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Generalized Cost

The concept of cost efficiency has become tremendously popular in data envelopment analysis (DEA) as it serves to assess a decision-making unit (DMU) in terms of producing minimum-cost outputs. A large variety of precise and imprecise models have been put forward to measure cost efficiency for the DMUs which have a role in constructing the production possibility set; yet, there’s not an extensive literature on the cost efficiency (CE) measurement for sample DMUs (SDMUs). In an effort to remedy the shortcomings of current models, herein is introduced a generalized cost efficiency model that is capable of operating in a fuzzy environment-involving different types of fuzzy numbers-while preserving the Farrell’s decomposition of cost efficiency. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, the present paper is the first to measure cost efficiency by using vectors. Ultimately, a useful example is provided to confirm the applicability of the proposed methods.

Determination of core zone of marine sanctuary in Bahoi Village, North Minahasa Regency

2013 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Sonny Tasidjawa ◽  
Stephanus V Mandagi ◽  
Ridwan Lasabuda
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Core Zone ◽  
The Core

Bahoi village is located in West Likupang District of North Minahasa Regency. It is one of the villages that is included in the conservation network of North Sulawesi Province. A marine sanctuary has been established in this village in 2003 and it has been managed by local community, known as community-based marine sanctuary management, since then, this sanctuary has been in operation. As a small community-based marine protected area with lots of users, it requires an appropriate method to determine the Core Zone that allows an effective preservation of the marine biota. This is the driving factor of this study.  The purpose of this study is to examine the processes and output of determining the core zone of a Marine Sanctuary using a conventional method and Marxan Method. The conventional method is a simple method in determining a core zone such as using manta tow technique. While Marxan, it only requires input of data such as spatial and figures to generate information for determining the core zone. After comparing the processes of these two methods in the study site, it was found that Marxan method was more effective and more accurate with lower costs than the conventional one. In addition, the final decision of the core zone depended on the outcome of the village meetings when the conventional method was applied. This long process could be avoided when Marxan method was used. Therefore, it is highly recommended to use Marxan in determining core zones© Desa Bahoi terletak di Kecamatan Likupang Barat Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Desa ini merupakan salah satu desa yang masuk dalam jejaringan kawasan konservasi di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Sebuah Daerah Perlindungan Laut telah didirikan di desa ini pada tahun 2003 dan dikelolah oleh masyarakat setempat, yang dikenal sebagai pengelolaan Daerah Perlindungan Laut Berbasis Masyarakat, sejak saat itu Daerah Perlindungan Laut ini telah beroperasi. Sebagai Daerah Perlindungan Laut Berbasis Masyarakat yang kecil namun memiliki banyak pengguna, diperlukan metode tepat yang akan menentukan Zona Inti yang memungkinkan pelestarian biota laut menjadi sangat efektif. Ini adalah faktor pendorong dari penelitian. Selanjutnya, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji proses dan hasil penentuan zona inti Daerah Perlindungan Laut dengan menggunakan metode konvensional seperti survei manta tow dan marxan. Metode konvensional adalah metode sederhana dalam menentukan zona inti seperti teknik manta tow. Sedangkan marxan, hanya perlu memasukan data seperti spasial dan angka untuk menghasilkan informasi penentuan zona inti. Setelah membandingkan proses dari dua metode di lokasi penelitian, ditemukan bahwa metode marxan jauh lebih baik dari pada metode konvensional, karena lebih efektif, lebih akurat dengan biaya yang lebih rendah. Selain itu, keputusan akhir dari zona inti tergantung pada hasil rapat desa ketika metode konvensional diterapkan, proses panjang ini dapat dihindari jika metode marxan digunakan©

ANALISIS PENGARUH BIAYA OPERASIONAL PADA PERUSAHAAN PENERBANGAN NASIONAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-107
Author(s):  
Dheny Biantara
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Cost Leadership ◽  
Oil Pricing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Operation Flexibility ◽  
Airline Maintenance

Summarized Indonesian airline executive views on the reason for the cost problem in mayor airline andon the potential areas and measures of cost reduction in airline operation. Present an introductionsurvey where 3 executives from 3 Indonesian airlines were respondent. In the executive opinion the costproblem in mayor Indonesian airline is primarily due to fuel and oil pricing and money currency. Of thevarious function in airline maintenance was seen as least cost efficiency, whereas flight operation wasseen as an area with most potential for cost reduction. Indonesian airline had made route and fleetchanges after the beginning of 2011 to reduce cost, concludes from the analisys result havingprivatization would be an important step towards more efficient airline operation. Flexibility fromIndonesian airline regulatory would be very much welcome and the value chain concept to improveIndonesian airline having competitive adventage and cost leadership differentiation.

A seven year plan for upgrading the 200.000 p.e. treatment plant of Uppsala, Sweden

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Jan Erik Lind ◽  
Ernst Olof Swedling
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
Nitrogen Reduction ◽  
Total Investment ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
The Cost

The sewage treatment plant of Uppsala was originally built in 1946 and has since then been extended and upgraded several times up to 1972 when the last major upgrading was completed. In 1987 it was decided to renew the treatment plant for at least another 20-30 years of operation and to upgrade the biological process to include nitrogen reduction. A 7 year plan covering some 18 items with a total investment cost of approximately 120 MSEK was set in action during 1987. The aim was to raise the cost efficiency by introducing modern techniques, new machinery, a better working environment and a better understanding of the processes used. The need to keep the plant in operation during reconstruction work has caused difficulties, delays and unforseen costs but a close cooperation between all parties concerned (operators, contractors, engineers and the regional environment administration) has solved most of the problems. Experiences so far include an improved effluent quality, a better cost efficiency, a healthier and more engaged operating staff. A research team has been engaged to develop and introduce a nitrogen reduction scheme in the activated sludge process. This has been a challenging and fruitful experience.

scholarly journals Cost-efficiency assessments of marine monitoring methods lack rigor—a systematic mapping of literature and an end-user view on optimal cost-efficiency analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heini Hyvärinen ◽  
Annaliina Skyttä ◽  
Susanna Jernberg ◽  
Kristian Meissner ◽  
Harri Kuosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Actual Cost ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Marine Monitoring ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Cost

AbstractGlobal deterioration of marine ecosystems, together with increasing pressure to use them, has created a demand for new, more efficient and cost-efficient monitoring tools that enable assessing changes in the status of marine ecosystems. However, demonstrating the cost-efficiency of a monitoring method is not straightforward as there are no generally applicable guidelines. Our study provides a systematic literature mapping of methods and criteria that have been proposed or used since the year 2000 to evaluate the cost-efficiency of marine monitoring methods. We aimed to investigate these methods but discovered that examples of actual cost-efficiency assessments in literature were rare, contradicting the prevalent use of the term “cost-efficiency.” We identified five different ways to compare the cost-efficiency of a marine monitoring method: (1) the cost–benefit ratio, (2) comparative studies based on an experiment, (3) comparative studies based on a literature review, (4) comparisons with other methods based on literature, and (5) subjective comparisons with other methods based on experience or intuition. Because of the observed high frequency of insufficient cost–benefit assessments, we strongly advise that more attention is paid to the coverage of both cost and efficiency parameters when evaluating the actual cost-efficiency of novel methods. Our results emphasize the need to improve the reliability and comparability of cost-efficiency assessments. We provide guidelines for future initiatives to develop a cost-efficiency assessment framework and suggestions for more unified cost-efficiency criteria.

scholarly journals Cost Analysis of a Novel Method for Ecological Compensation—A Study of the Translocation of Dead Wood

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6075
Author(s):  
Ola Lindroos ◽  
Malin Söderlind ◽  
Joel Jensen ◽  
Joakim Hjältén
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Delivery Times ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

Translocation of dead wood is a novel method for ecological compensation and restoration that could, potentially, provide a new important tool for biodiversity conservation. With this method, substrates that normally have long delivery times are instantly created in a compensation area, and ideally many of the associated dead wood dwelling organisms are translocated together with the substrates. However, to a large extent, there is a lack of knowledge about the cost efficiency of different methods of ecological compensation. Therefore, the costs for different parts of a translocation process and its dependency on some influencing factors were studied. The observed cost was 465 SEK per translocated log for the actual compensation measure, with an additional 349 SEK/log for work to enable evaluation of the translocation’s ecological results. Based on time studies, models were developed to predict required work time and costs for different transportation distances and load sizes. Those models indicated that short extraction and insertion distances for logs should be prioritized over road transportation distances to minimize costs. They also highlighted a trade-off between costs and time until a given ecological value is reached in the compensation area. The methodology used can contribute to more cost-efficient operations and, by doing so, increase the use of ecological compensation and the benefits from a given input.

scholarly journals A Re-Examination of Multistage Economies in Hog Farming

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Parcel ◽  
John R. Schroeter ◽  
Azzeddine M Azzam
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Hog Production ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Agricultural Resource Management Survey

AbstractCurrent trends in the structure of hog production in the U.S. are toward facilities that are not only larger, but also more likely to be specialized, carrying out only some of the vertically linked phases of production in the same facility. This paper investigates the cost efficiency incentives for these changes by estimating a multistage cost function for hog production. Data are from the Hog Production Practices and Costs portion of the USDA’s 2004 Agricultural Resource Management Survey.

scholarly journals Comparison of Cement-Based and Polymer-Based Concrete Pipes for Analysis of Cost Assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orhan Bozkurt ◽  
Mehmet İslamoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Cost Assessment ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Concrete Pipes ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Innovative Techniques

As the variety of materials utilized in construction industry has expanded, new techniques have been used in order to optimize the quality and efficiency of output. Therefore, recent innovations taking place in the construction industry led researchers to increase the mechanical efficiency of the output more than the cost effectiveness of it. However, especially professionals experiencing in the industry look into the cost effectiveness of the work. In other words, they also want researchers to justify the innovative techniques economically. The aim of this study is to provide a comparative analysis of the cost efficiency of polymer concrete used to manufacture durable and long-lasting reinforced concrete structures.

A Very Low-Cost, Labor-Efficient, and Simple Method to Block Scattered Ultraviolet Light in PDMS Microfluidic Devices by Inserting Aluminum Foil Strips

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Peter Shankles ◽  
Scott Retterer ◽  
Yong Tae Kang ◽  
Chang Kyoung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Soft Lithography ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Material Synthesis ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Opto-microfluidic methods have advantages for manufacturing complex shapes or structures of micro particles/hydrogels. Most of these microfluidic devices are made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by soft lithography because of its flexibility of designing and manufacturing. However, PDMS scatters ultraviolet (UV) light, which polymerizes the photocrosslinkable materials at undesirable locations and clogs the microfluidic devices. A fluorescent dye has previously been employed to absorb the scattered UV light and shift its wavelength to effectively solve this issue. However, this method is limited due to the cost of the materials (tens of dollars per microchip), the time consumed on synthesizing the fluorescent material and verifying its quality (two to three days). More importantly, significant expertise on material synthesis and characterization is required for users of the opto-microfluidic technique. The cost of preliminary testing on multiple iterations of different microfluidic chip designs would also be excessive. Alternatively, with a delicate microchannel design, we simply inserted aluminum foil strips (AFS) inside the PDMS device to block the scattered UV light. By using this method, the UV light was limited to the exposure region so that the opto-microfluidic device could consistently generate microgels longer than 6 h. This is a nearly cost- and labor-free method to solve this issue.

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