Combining agronomic practices and herbicides improves weed management in wheat–canola rotations within zero-tillage production systems

Weed Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Louis J. Molnar ◽  
Toby Entz ◽  
James R. Moyer
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Spring Canola ◽  
Crop Seed

Development of more comprehensive and cost-effective integrated weed management systems is required to facilitate greater integrated weed management adoption by farmers. A field experiment was conducted at two locations to determine the combined effects of seed date (April or May), seed rate (recommended or 150% of recommended), fertilizer timing (applied in fall or spring), and in-crop herbicide dose (50% or 100% of recommended) on weed growth and crop yield. This factorial set of treatments was applied in four consecutive years within a spring wheat–spring canola–spring wheat–spring canola rotation in a zero-till production system. Both wheat and canola phases of the rotation were grown each year. Weed biomass was often lower with May than with April seeding because more weeds were controlled with preplant glyphosate. However, despite fewer weeds being present with May seeding, wheat yield was only greater in 1 of 7 site-years, and canola yield was never greater with May compared with April seeding. Higher crop seed rates had a consistently positive effect on reducing weed growth and the weed seedbank. Crop yield was sometimes greater, and never lower, with higher seed rates. Fertilizer timing did not have a large effect on crop yield, but applying N in the spring compared with fall was less favorable for weeds as indicated by lower weed biomass and a 20% decrease in the weed seedbank. In-crop herbicides applied at 50% compared with 100% doses often resulted in similar weed biomass and crop yield, especially when higher crop seed rates were used. Indeed, the weed seedbank at the conclusion of the 4-yr experiment was not greater with the 50% compared with 100% herbicide dose at one of two locations. This study demonstrates the combined merits of early seeding (April), higher crop seed rates, and spring-applied fertilizer in conjunction with timely but limited herbicide use to manage weeds and maintain high crop yields in rotations containing wheat and canola.

Nitrogen fertilizer timing and application method affect weed growth and competition with spring wheat

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
Louis J. Molnar ◽  
H. Henry Janzen
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Density And Biomass

Managing crop fertilization may be an important component of integrated weed management systems that protect crop yield and reduce weed populations over time. A field study was conducted to determine the effects of various timings and application methods of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on weed growth and spring wheat yield. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied the previous fall (October) or at planting (May) at a dose of 50 kg ha−1. Nitrogen application treatments consisted of granular ammonium nitrate applied broadcast on the soil surface, banded 10 cm deep between every crop row, banded 10 cm deep between every second crop row, or point-injected liquid ammonium nitrate placed between every second crop row at 20-cm intervals and 10 cm deep. Treatments were applied in 4 consecutive yr to determine annual and cumulative effects over years. Density and biomass of wild oat, green foxtail, wild mustard, and common lambsquarters were sometimes lower with spring- than with fall-applied N. Spring wheat yield was never lower and was higher in 50% of the cases, when N was spring rather than fall applied. Nitrogen application method generally had larger and more consistent effects than application timing on weed growth and wheat yield. Shoot N concentration and biomass of weeds were often lower with subsurface banded or point-injected N than with surface broadcast N, and concurrent increases in spring wheat yield usually occurred with these N placement treatments. Depending on the weed species, the weed seedbank at the conclusion of the 4-yr study was reduced by 25 to 63% with point-injected compared with broadcast N. Information gained in this study will contribute to the development of more integrated and cost-effective weed management programs in wheat.

Spring Wheat, Canola, and Sunflower Response to Persian Darnel (Lolium persicum) Interference

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnathon D. Holman ◽  
Alvin J. Bussan ◽  
Bruce D. Maxwell ◽  
Perry R. Miller ◽  
James A. Mickelson
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Branches

Integrated weed management practices, such as crop rotation and increased seeding rates, potentially improve weed management. Yet, few studies compare competitive interactions of weeds with different crops. This research quantified the impact of Persian darnel on spring wheat, canola, and sunflower yield across different seeding rates. Increasing crop density increased yield when Persian darnel affected crop yield early in physiological development. Crop yield loss was estimated to reach 83, 70, and 57% for spring wheat, canola, and sunflower, respectively, at high Persian darnel densities. Persian darnel reduced spring wheat yield by limiting the number of tillers per plant and seed per tiller; reduced canola yield by limiting the number of branches per plant, pods per branch, and seed per pod; and reduced sunflower yield by limiting the number of seed per plant. Persian darnel affected crop growth early in physiological development, indicating that interspecific interference occurred early in the growing season. Cultural and resource management aimed at reducing Persian darnel impact on resource availability and crop yield components will reduce Persian darnel impact on crop yield.

An Integrated Weed Management Approach to Managing Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum) in Conservation Tillage Systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
Greg Semach ◽  
Xiangju Li ◽  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
K. Neil Harker
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Perennial Plants

A 4-yr field experiment was conducted to determine the merits of combining cultural and chemical controls to manage foxtail barley in reduced-tillage systems. Factors studied were crop row spacing, seeding rate, and application rate and timing of glyphosate within a spring wheat-flax cropping sequence. Glyphosate applied preseeding at 400 or 800 g/ha killed foxtail barley seedlings but only suppressed established perennial plants. Glyphosate applied postharvest at 800 g/ha killed 60 to 70% of established plants. Combinations of preseeding and postharvest glyphosate gave the greatest reductions in foxtail barley biomass and seed production and resulted in the greatest increases in crop yield. Including flax in the rotation allowed use of grass herbicides such as quizalofop or sethoxydim that effectively controlled foxtail barley seedlings and provided some suppression of perennial plants. An increase in wheat seeding rate from 75 to 115 kg/ha reduced foxtail barley growth and increased wheat yield in 3 of 4 yr. Increasing the flax seeding rate from 40 to 80 kg/ha or reducing wheat and flax row spacing from 30 to 20 cm provided little benefit in managing foxtail barley or increasing crop yield. A multiyear approach combining agronomic practices and timely use of herbicides should allow growers to effectively manage foxtail barley in annual cropping systems using conservation tillage.

Analyzing Temperature and Precipitation Influences on Yield Distributions of Canola and Spring Wheat in Saskatchewan

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Meng ◽  
Richard Carew ◽  
Wojciech J. Florkowski ◽  
Anna M. Klepacka
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield Distribution ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe IPCC indicates that global mean temperature increases of 2°C or more above preindustrial levels negatively affect such crops as wheat. Canadian climate model projections show warmer temperatures and variable rainfall will likely affect Saskatchewan’s canola and spring wheat production. Drier weather will have the greatest impact. The major climate change challenges will be summer water availability, greater drought frequencies, and crop adaptation. This study investigates the impact of precipitation and temperature changes on canola and spring wheat yield distributions using Environment Canada weather data and Statistics Canada crop yield and planted area for 20 crop districts over the 1987–2010 period. The moment-based methods (full- and partial-moment-based approaches) are employed to characterize and estimate asymmetric relationships between climate variables and the higher-order moments of crop yields. A stochastic production function and the focus on crop yield’s elasticity imply choosing the natural logarithm function as the mean function transformation prior to higher-moment function estimation. Results show that average crop yields are positively associated with the growing season degree-days and pregrowing season precipitation, while they are negatively affected by extremely high temperatures in the growing season. The climate measures have asymmetric effects on the higher moments of crop yield distribution along with stronger effects of changing temperatures than precipitation on yield distribution. Higher temperatures tend to decrease wheat yields, confirming earlier Saskatchewan studies. This study finds pregrowing season precipitation and precipitation in the early plant growth stages particularly relevant in providing opportunities to develop new crop varieties and agronomic practices to mitigate climate changes.

Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Method Affects Weed Growth and Competition with Wheat

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
Louis J. Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Application Methods

Strategic fertilizer management is an important component of integrated weed management systems. A field study was conducted to determine the effect of various application methods of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on weed growth and wheat yield. Weed species were chosen to represent species that varied in their growth responsiveness to P: redroot pigweed (medium), wild mustard (medium), wild oat (medium), green foxtail (high), redstem filaree (high), and round-leaved mallow (high). P fertilizer application methods were seed placed at a 5-cm depth, midrow banded at a 10-cm depth, surface broadcast immediately before seeding, and surface broadcast immediately after seeding of wheat. An unfertilized control was included. P treatments were applied to the same plot in four consecutive years to determine annual and cumulative effects over years. Shoot P concentration and biomass of weeds were often lower with seed-placed or subsurface-banded P fertilizer compared with either surface-broadcast application method. This result occurred more frequently with the highly P-responsive weeds and was more evident in the latter study years. P application method had little effect on weed-free wheat yield but often had a large effect on weed-infested wheat yield. Seed-placed or midrow-banded P compared with surface-broadcast P fertilizer often resulted in higher yields when wheat was in the presence of competitive weeds. Seedbank determinations at the conclusion of the study indicated that the seed density of five of six weed species was reduced with seed-placed or subsurface-banded P compared with surface-broadcast P. Information gained in this study will aid development of more effective weed management systems in wheat.

Suppressing weed growth after wheat harvest with underseeded red clover in organic farming

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Alternative Tactics ◽  
Weed Growth

AbstractOrganic producers are seeking alternative tactics for weed control so that they can reduce their need for tillage. In this study, we examined cover crop strategies for suppressing weed growth after harvest of wheat. Three cover crop treatments, red clover (mammoth type), a mixture of oat and dry pea, and a control were compared. Treatments were established in both winter and spring wheat, resulting in six treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design. Red clover was underseeded in wheat by drilling in the spring, and the oat/pea mixture was planted in August. Oat was planted uniformly across all treatments in the following growing season. The red clover treatment effectively suppressed weeds, reducing post-harvest weed biomass, density of volunteer winter wheat, and seed production of downy brome by more than 99% compared with the control. Oat/pea was not effective for weed management, likely because of less fall growth and competition compared with red clover. Underseeding red clover did not affect winter wheat yield, but reduced spring wheat yield by 17%. Oat yield, however, was reduced by volunteer crop plants and downy brome infestations in all treatments. Underseeding clovers in winter wheat may effectively manage weeds and, if they winterkill, can replace the need for tillage to control weeds after wheat harvest.

Spring wheat productivity forecasting in the forest steppe zone of Volga by least squares method

10.12737/2167 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Аввакумов ◽  
Oleg Avvakumov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

The efficient use of arable land is based on the prediction of crop yields. In extensive farming system the productivity forecasting was carried out by scores of soil fertility, where the level of soil fertility was associated with soil type, and crop yields depended on the leading basic and sustained properties - humus content, cation-exchange capacity, particle size distribution. The system of intensive farming is based on the use of mineral and organic fertilizers. The leading factor in the formation of crop yield is the soil security by mobile soil nutrients on the background of optimal soil parameters. Nowadays, crop yield forecasting is made with the use of the available to plants macro nutrition content. The article presents the results of spring wheat yield prognosis in the Laishevo municipal district with the use of MatLab (matrix operations). The matrix was made according to the data over the last 43 years, it’s moving averages with steps of 11 and 22 years, the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium, determined by the method of Kirsanov. The predictive ability is confirmed by correlation analysis, for the actual number of crop coefficients of correlation with phosphorus and potassium are 0.52 and 0.61, respectively, for the moving average yields are equal to 0.94 and 0.95. A comparison of the actual spring wheat yield (УФ) with the calculated data (the model 1 and the model 2) shows the average deviation of 30%. Similar calculations for the derived series of the moving average of crop yield for the step length of 11 years gives a marked decrease in the deviation of 5-6 %. This convergence of data with the calculated У11 (the model 1 and the model 2, in the left part of the table) indicates for the elimination of weather factor for У11, which influences the overall level of productivity of spring wheat in the forest-steppe zone. The conclusion of the article is the inclusion of agro-climatic conditions (precipitation and temperature) for further calculation of crop yields forecasting.

scholarly journals The Pitfalls of Relating Weeds, Herbicide Use, and Crop Yield: Don't Fall Into the Trap! A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Colbach ◽  
Sandrine Petit ◽  
Bruno Chauvel ◽  
Violaine Deytieux ◽  
Martin Lechenet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
The Impact

The growing recognition of the environmental and health issues associated to pesticide use requires to investigate how to manage weeds with less or no herbicides in arable farming while maintaining crop productivity. The questions of weed harmfulness, herbicide efficacy, the effects of herbicide use on crop yields, and the effect of reducing herbicides on crop production have been addressed over the years but results and interpretations often appear contradictory. In this paper, we critically analyze studies that have focused on the herbicide use, weeds and crop yield nexus. We identified many inconsistencies in the published results and demonstrate that these often stem from differences in the methodologies used and in the choice of the conceptual model that links the three items. Our main findings are: (1) although our review confirms that herbicide reduction increases weed infestation if not compensated by other cultural techniques, there are many shortcomings in the different methods used to assess the impact of weeds on crop production; (2) Reducing herbicide use rarely results in increased crop yield loss due to weeds if farmers compensate low herbicide use by other efficient cultural practices; (3) There is a need for comprehensive studies describing the effect of cropping systems on crop production that explicitly include weeds and disentangle the impact of herbicides from the effect of other practices on weeds and on crop production. We propose a framework that presents all the links and feed-backs that must be considered when analyzing the herbicide-weed-crop yield nexus. We then provide a number of methodological recommendations for future studies. We conclude that, since weeds are causing yield loss, reduced herbicide use and maintained crop productivity necessarily requires a redesign of cropping systems. These new systems should include both agronomic and biodiversity-based levers acting in concert to deliver sustainable weed management.

Influence of Weed Management Practices and Crop Rotation on Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Population Dynamics and Crop Yield-Years III and IV

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince M. Davis ◽  
Kevin D. Gibson ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman ◽  
Stephen C. Weller ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
No Till

Horseweed is an increasingly common and problematic weed in no-till soybean production in the eastern cornbelt due to the frequent occurrence of biotypes resistant to glyphosate. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of crop rotation, winter wheat cover crops (WWCC), residual non-glyphosate herbicides, and preplant application timing on the population dynamics of glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed and crop yield. A field study was conducted from 2003 to 2007 in a no-till field located at a site that contained a moderate infestation of GR horseweed (approximately 1 plant m−2). The experiment was a split-plot design with crop rotation (soybean–corn or soybean–soybean) as main plots and management systems as subplots. Management systems were evaluated by quantifying in-field horseweed plant density, seedbank density, and crop yield. Horseweed densities were collected at the time of postemergence applications, 1 mo after postemergence (MAP) applications, and at the time of crop harvest or 4 MAP. Viable seedbank densities were also evaluated from soil samples collected in the fall following seed rain. Soybean–corn crop rotation reduced in-field and seedbank horseweed densities vs. continuous soybean in the third and fourth yr of this experiment. Preplant herbicides applied in the spring were more effective at reducing horseweed plant densities than when applied in the previous fall. Spring-applied, residual herbicide systems were the most effective at reducing season-long in-field horseweed densities and protecting crop yields since the growth habit of horseweed in this region is primarily as a summer annual. Management systems also influenced the GR and glyphosate-susceptible (GS) biotype population structure after 4 yr of management. The most dramatic shift was from the initial GR : GS ratio of 3 : 1 to a ratio of 1 : 6 after 4 yr of residual preplant herbicide use followed by non-glyphosate postemergence herbicides.

scholarly journals Crop Yield and Soil Fertility Status of Long-Term Rice-Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Nabin Rawal ◽  
Rajan Ghimire ◽  
Devraj Chalise
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Available Phosphorus

Balanced nutrient supply is important for the sustainable crop production. We evaluated the effects of nutrient management practices on soil properties and crop yields in rice (Oryza sativa L.) - rice - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system in a long-term experiment established at National Wheat Research Program (NWRP), Bhairahawa, Nepal. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block experiment with nine treatments and three replications. Treatments were applied as: T1- no nutrients added, T2- N added; T3- N and P added; T4- N and K added; T5- NPK added at recommended rate for all crops. Similarly, T6- only N added in rice and NPK in wheat at recommended rate; T7- half N; T8- half NP of recommended rate for both crops; and T9- farmyard manure (FYM) @10 Mg ha-1 for all crops in rotation. Results of the study revealed that rice and wheat yields were significantly greater under FYM than all other treatments. Treatments that did not receive P (T2, T3, T7, T8) and K (T2, T4) had considerably low wheat yield than treatments that received NPK (T5) and FYM (T9). The FYM lowered soil pH and improved soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (P), and exchangeable potassium (K) contents than other treatments. Management practices that ensure nutrient supply can increase crop yield and improve soil fertility status.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(1): 42-50

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