Experimental Methods for Estimation of Plant Fitness Costs Associated with Herbicide-Resistance Genes

Since the beginning of agriculture, crops have been exposed to recurrent invasion by weeds that can impose severe reductions in crop quality and yield. There have been continuing efforts to reduce the impacts of weeds on production. More than 40 yr ago, overreliance on herbicide technology to reduce weed infestations resulted in the selection of adaptive traits that enabled weed survival and reproduction under herbicide treatments (Délye et al. 2007; Powles and Yu 2010; Vila-Aiub et al. 2008). As a result, herbicide resistance in > 200 weed species has evolved worldwide (Heap 2013; Powles 2008).

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Fitness of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: Current Knowledge and Implications for Management

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8110469 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 469 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Vila-Aiub

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Management Practices ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Resistance Management ◽

Fitness Cost ◽

Plant Fitness ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Fitness Costs ◽

Wide Range

Herbicide resistance is the ultimate evidence of the extraordinary capacity of weeds to evolve under stressful conditions. Despite the extraordinary plant fitness advantage endowed by herbicide resistance mutations in agroecosystems under herbicide selection, resistance mutations are predicted to exhibit an adaptation cost (i.e., fitness cost), relative to the susceptible wild-type, in herbicide untreated conditions. Fitness costs associated with herbicide resistance mutations are not universal and their expression depends on the particular mutation, genetic background, dominance of the fitness cost, and environmental conditions. The detrimental effects of herbicide resistance mutations on plant fitness may arise as a direct impact on fitness-related traits and/or coevolution with changes in other life history traits that ultimately may lead to fitness costs under particular ecological conditions. This brings the idea that a “lower adaptive value” of herbicide resistance mutations represents an opportunity for the design of resistance management practices that could minimize the evolution of herbicide resistance. It is evident that the challenge for weed management practices aiming to control, minimize, or even reverse the frequency of resistance mutations in the agricultural landscape is to “create” those agroecological conditions that could expose, exploit, and exacerbate those life history and/or fitness traits affecting the evolution of herbicide resistance mutations. Ideally, resistance management should implement a wide range of cultural practices leading to environmentally mediated fitness costs associated with herbicide resistance mutations.

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Herbicide-resistant crops : A weed scientist’s perspective

Phytoprotection ◽

10.7202/706073ar ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 71-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

W.E. Dyer

Keyword(s):

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Weed Management ◽

Alternative Strategy ◽

Environmentally Benign ◽

Valuable Alternative ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Genetic Modifications ◽

Selection Of

Herbicide-resistant crops offer a potentially valuable alternative strategy for weed management. If used appropriately, they may promote the use of agrichemicals more environmentally benign than the herbicides they replace, and provide producers with additional tools for controlling weeds. However, the controversy surrounding the development and use of these cultivars may limit and eventually prevent their widespread adoption. Concerns include: overuse of herbicides, escape of herbicide resistance genes from resistant cultivars into weedy relatives, genetic modifications for resistance conferring weediness to the cultivar (i.e. volunteer plants in subsequent crops), potential pleiotropic effects of genetic modifications for resistance, and selection of new herbicide-resistant weeds in the new herbicide regime. Of these concerns, the potential for selecting new resistant weeds may have the highest likelihood of affecting the long-term success of herbicide-resistant crops.

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Amplification test and selection of markers analogue to resistance genes in species and commercial varieties of Passiflora spp.

Multi-Science Journal ◽

10.33837/msj.v3i1.1183 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Larissa Neres Barbosa de Souza ◽

Nátilla Deyse Souza Costa Dias ◽

Vandrick De Oliveira Santana ◽

Lucas Amorim Silveira ◽

Messulan Rodrigues Meira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Selection Of

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Herbicide Effects on Weed Control and Shoot Growth of Young Apple (Malus sylvestris) and Peach (Prunus persica) Trees

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00028785 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 840-848 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chester L. Foy ◽

Susan B. Harrison ◽

Harold L. Witt

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Weed Species ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

One Year ◽

Broadleaf Species ◽

Old Trees ◽

Peach Trees

Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Virginia to evaluate the following herbicides: alachlor, diphenamid, diuron, metolachlor, napropamide, norflurazon, oryzalin, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, and simazine. One experiment involved newly-transplanted apple trees; the others, three in apple and one in peach trees, involved one-year-old trees. Treatments were applied in the spring (mid-April to early-May). Control of annual weed species was excellent with several treatments. A broader spectrum of weeds was controlled in several instances when the preemergence herbicides were used in combinations. Perennial species, particularly broadleaf species and johnsongrass, were released when annual species were suppressed by the herbicides. A rye cover crop in nontreated plots suppressed the growth of weeds. New shoot growth of newly-transplanted apple trees was increased with 3 of 20 herbicide treatments and scion circumference was increased with 11 of 20 herbicide treatments compared to the nontreated control. Growth of one-year-old apple trees was not affected. Scion circumference of one-year-old peach trees was increased with 25 of 33 herbicide treatments.

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Glyphosate Resistance in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) is Associated with a Fitness Penalty

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-15-00065.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 71-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Marcos Yanniccari ◽

Martín Vila-Aiub ◽

Carolina Istilart ◽

Horacio Acciaresi ◽

Ana M. Castro

Keyword(s):

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Water Availability ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Seed Mass ◽

Selection Effect ◽

Glyphosate Resistance ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Seed Number ◽

Fitness Costs ◽

Weed Species

The net selection effect of herbicides on herbicide-resistance traits in weeds is conditioned by the fitness benefits and costs associated with resistance alleles. Fitness costs play an important evolutionary role preventing the fixation of adaptive alleles and contributing to the maintenance of genetic polymorphisms within populations. Glyphosate is widely used in world agriculture, which has led to the evolution of widespread glyphosate resistance in many weed species. The fitness of glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible perennial ryegrass plants selected from within a single population were studied in two field experiments conducted during 2011 and 2012 under different soil water availability. Glyphosate-resistant plants showed a reduction in height of 12 and 16%, leaf blade area of 16 and 33%, shoot biomass of 45 and 55%, seed number of 33 and 53%, and total seed mass of 16 and 5% compared to glyphosate-susceptible plants in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The reduction in seed number per plant resulted in a 40% fitness cost associated with the glyphosate-resistance trait in perennial ryegrass. Fitness costs of glyphosate-resistant plants were expressed under both conditions of water availability. These results could be useful for designing management strategies and exploiting the reduced glyphosate-resistant perennial ryegrass fitness in the absence of glyphosate selection.

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Preventing the entry of exotic weed species and problems related to herbicide resistance

Phytoparasitica ◽

10.1007/bf02979857 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 211-214

Author(s):

Ricardo Labrada

Keyword(s):

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Weed Species

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Managing Herbicide Resistance: Listening to the Perspectives of Practitioners. Procedures for Conducting Listening Sessions and an Evaluation of the Process

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2018.53 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 489-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jill Schroeder ◽

Michael Barrett ◽

David R. Shaw ◽

Amy B. Asmus ◽

Harold Coble ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Group ◽

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Planning Process ◽

Resistance Management ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Full Group ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Small Group Discussions ◽

The Subject ◽

Selection Of

AbstractSeven half-day regional listening sessions were held between December 2016 and April 2017 with groups of diverse stakeholders on the issues and potential solutions for herbicide-resistance management. The objective of the listening sessions was to connect with stakeholders and hear their challenges and recommendations for addressing herbicide resistance. The coordinating team hired Strategic Conservation Solutions, LLC, to facilitate all the sessions. They and the coordinating team used in-person meetings, teleconferences, and email to communicate and coordinate the activities leading up to each regional listening session. The agenda was the same across all sessions and included small-group discussions followed by reporting to the full group for discussion. The planning process was the same across all the sessions, although the selection of venue, time of day, and stakeholder participants differed to accommodate the differences among regions. The listening-session format required a great deal of work and flexibility on the part of the coordinating team and regional coordinators. Overall, the participant evaluations from the sessions were positive, with participants expressing appreciation that they were asked for their thoughts on the subject of herbicide resistance. This paper details the methods and processes used to conduct these regional listening sessions and provides an assessment of the strengths and limitations of those processes.

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A Review of Herbicide Resistance in Iran

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-15-00139.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 551-561 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Javid Gherekhloo ◽

Mostafa Oveisi ◽

Eskandar Zand ◽

Rafael De Prado

Keyword(s):

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Crop Production ◽

Arable Land ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Weed Species ◽

Wild Mustard ◽

Development Of Resistance ◽

Resistance To Herbicides ◽

Continuous Use

Continuous use of herbicides has triggered a phenomenon called herbicide resistance. Nowadays, herbicide resistance is a worldwide problem that threatens sustainable agriculture. A study of over a decade on herbicides in Iran has revealed that herbicide resistance has been occurring since 2004 in some weed species. Almost all the results of these studies have been published in national scientific journals and in conference proceedings on the subject. In the current review, studies on herbicide resistance in Iran were included to provide a perspective of developing weed resistance to herbicides for international scientists. More than 70% of arable land in Iran is given over to cultivation of wheat, barley, and rice; wheat alone covers nearly 52%. Within the past 40 years, 108 herbicides from different groups of modes of action have been registered in Iran, of which 28 are for the selective control of weeds in wheat and barley. Major resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides has been shown in some weed species, such as winter wild oat, wild oat, littleseed canarygrass, hood canarygrass, and rigid ryegrass. With respect to the broad area of wheat crop production and continuous use of herbicides with the sole mechanism of action of ACCase inhibition, the provinces of West Azerbaijan, Tehran, Khorasan, Isfahan, Markazi, and Semnan are at risk of resistance development. In addition, because of continuous long-term use of tribenuron-methyl, resistance in broadleaf species is also being developed. Evidence has recently shown resistance of turnipweed and wild mustard populations to this herbicide. Stable monitoring of fields in doubtful areas and providing good education and training for technicians and farmers to practice integrated methods would help to prevent or delay the development of resistance to herbicides.

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EXAMINATION OF THE WEED FLORA OF RUDER HABITATS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF SUPPRESSION WITH HERBICIDES

Applied Researches in Technics Technologies and Education ◽

10.15547/artte.2018.04.007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 329-332

Author(s):

Milić Vojinović ◽

Jelica Živić ◽

Sanja Perić ◽

Miroljub Aksić

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Working Environment ◽

Xanthium Strumarium ◽

Weed Species ◽

Construction Sites ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Human Settlements ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Vegetation Complex ◽

Selection Of

Ruderal flora, as well as the vegetation that flora forms, represent an extremely dynamic floristic-vegetation complex and arean integral part of the most immediate living and working environment of human. It is formed and developed mainly in human settlements, as well as in the other anthropogenic environments that are occasionally or permanently under direct or indirect influence of various forms of human activity. Ruderal vegetation is found not only directly around the settlements, but also around all urban and accompanying facilities: along roads, paths and fences around houses, yards, walls and roofs, in avenues, on ruins, construction sites, landfills, along railway tracks, road and defense embankments, on wet and nitrified banks of rivers, near human settlements, in abandoned lawns, on the street walks with sandy areas, cemeteries, in degraded pastures, forests, etc. This essay presents the distribution and representation of economically harmful, invasive and quarantine weed species (Abutilon theophrasti, Agropyrumrepens, Amaranthusretroflexus, Calystegiasepium, Cirsiumarvense, Chenopodium album, Chenopodiumhybridum, Convolvulus arvensis, Cynodondactylon, Daturastramonium, Sonchusarvensis, Sorghum halepense, Xanthium strumarium…) at ten sites in the Nisava district. The assessment of species representation was done in two shootings (May and August) according to scale 1-4. The proper selection of herbicides depends, in a large extent, on the presence of dominant weed species and on the time of application.

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