Acceptance of Simulated Cowbird Parasitism in a Northern Population of Red-Winged Blackbirds

2012 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie-Leigh Capper ◽  
Mélanie F. Guigueno ◽  
Spencer G. Sealy
Keyword(s):  
Northern Population ◽  
Cowbird Parasitism

scholarly journals Association between obesity and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio in the middle-aged and elderly population of Southern and Northern China: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e040214
Author(s):  
Shan Qin ◽  
Anping Wang ◽  
Shi Gu ◽  
Weiqing Wang ◽  
Zhengnan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
The South ◽  
Northern Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio

ObjectiveThe relationship between obesity and albuminuria has not been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between obesity and the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) in Southern and Northern China.DesignA descriptive, cross-sectional study.SettingEight regional centres in REACTION (China’s Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals, a lONgitudinal study), including Dalian, Lanzhou, Zhengzhou, Guangzhou, Guangxi, Luzhou, Shanghai and Wuhan.ParticipantsA total of 41 085 patients who were not diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and had good compliance were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Patients who were diagnosed with CKD, who had other kidney diseases that could lead to increased urinary protein excretion, who were using angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers and whose important data were missing were excluded.ResultsParticipants with both, central and peripheral obesity, had a higher risk of elevated UACR, even after adjusting for multiple factors (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.12, p<0.001), and the risk of high UACR in the South was more prominent than that in the North (OR South: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.34; OR North: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.22, p<0.001). The risk was also elevated in the male population, hypertensive individuals, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c)≥6.5% and age ≥60 years in the South. Besides the above groups, diabetes was also a risk factor for the Northern population.ConclusionsIn China, people with both central and peripheral obesity are prone to a high UACR, and the southern population has a higher risk than northern population. Factors such as male sex, hypertension, HbA1c≥6.5% and an age ≥60 years are also risk factors for CKD.

Nest Predation and Cowbird Parasitism Create a Demographic Sink in Wetland-Breeding Song Sparrows

The Condor ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Rogers ◽  
Mary J. Taitt ◽  
Gwen Jongejan
Keyword(s):  
Nest Predation ◽  
Song Sparrows ◽  
Cowbird Parasitism

scholarly journals Brown-Headed Cowbird Parasitism on Endangered Species: Relationships with Neighboring Avian Species

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon L. Farrell ◽  
Michael L. Morrison ◽  
R. Neal Wilkins ◽  
R. Douglas Slack ◽  
Andrew J. Campomizzi
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
Cowbird Parasitism

scholarly journals STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS WITH SMOKING IN NORTHERN POPULATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-522
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Borisova ◽  
Sardana V. Markova ◽  
Irina Sh. Malogulova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Manual Labor ◽  
Northern Population ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The People ◽  
The Relationship

The aim: Of our study was to identify the relationship between the main risk factors for heart disease and social factors among northern population. Materials and methods: We polled 3092 native and non-native habitants of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The poll consists of several sections. It includes questions related to social, demographic and life record data, heredity, physical activity and unhealthy habits. Results: Among the people diagnosed with hypertension (HT), there are more smokers than among the people without this medical condition. On the contrary, in the group of people diagnosed with HT at the examination for taking blood pressure, there were fewer smokers than in the group, in which HT was not registered. Patients with CHD, Myocardial infarction (MI) in past medical history, cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), are smokers to the same degree as the other group. This indicates that this category of the examined are exposed to the risk of cardiovascular aggravations. We determined a high spread of psychosocial risk factors for the examined respondents – the relationship between smoking, overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and HT, and the level of education, marital status and labor specificity. The increase in the level of education is associated with fewer amounts of smokers among both non-native and native habitants. Overweight is more frequently observed for the people who are not single, have low level of education and are engaged in manual labor. In particular, it is applicable to native habitants. Conclusions: Abdominal obesity did not have any relationship with psychosocial factors for native habitants. However, in relation to non-native habitants, overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and HT are associated with marital status (married) and with manual labor.

scholarly journals Dietary analysis of an uncharacteristic population of the Mountain Pygmy-possum(Burramys parvus)in the Kosciuszko National Park, New South Wales, Australia

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahneal Hawke ◽  
Hayley Bates ◽  
Suzanne Hand ◽  
Michael Archer ◽  
Linda Broome
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
National Park ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Dietary Composition ◽  
Southern Population ◽  
Northern Population ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Critically Endangered Species

BackgroundThe Mountain Pygmy-possum (Burramys parvus) is a critically endangered marsupial, endemic to alpine regions of southern Australia. We investigated the diet of a recently discovered population of the possum in northern Kosciuszko National Park, NSW, Australia. This new population occurs at elevations well below the once-presumed lower elevation limit of 1,600 m.Goals and MethodsFaecal material was analysed to determine if dietary composition differed between individuals in the newly discovered northern population and those in the higher elevation southern population, and to examine how diet was influenced by rainfall in the southern population and seasonal changes in resource availability in the northern population.Results and DiscussionThe diet ofB. parvusin the northern population comprised of arthropods, fruits and seeds. Results indicate the diet of both populations shares most of the same invertebrate orders and plant species. However, in the absence of preferred food types available to the southern population, individuals of the northern population opportunistically consumed different species that were similar to those preferred by individuals in higher altitude populations. Differing rainfall amounts had a significant effect on diet, with years of below average rainfall having a greater percentage composition and diversity of invertebrates. Seasonal variation was also recorded, with the northern population increasing the diversity of invertebrates in their diet during the Autumn months when Bogong Moths (Agrotis infusa) were absent from those sites, raising questions about the possum’s dependence on the speciesConclusionsMeasurable effects of rainfall amount and seasonal variation on the dietary composition suggest that predicted climatic variability will have a significant impact on its diet, potentially impacting its future survival. Findings suggest that it is likely thatB. parvusis not restricted by dietary requirements to its current pattern of distribution. This new understanding needs to be considered when formulating future conservation strategies for this critically endangered species.

scholarly journals Male parental investment reflects the level of partner contributions and brood value in tree swallows

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ádám Z. Lendvai ◽  
Çağlar Akçay ◽  
Mark Stanback ◽  
Mark F. Haussmann ◽  
Ignacio T. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Southern Population ◽  
Tree Swallows ◽  
Parental Effort ◽  
Northern Population ◽  
Nestling Begging ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Partial Compensation

AbstractBiparental care presents an interesting case of cooperation and conflict between unrelated individuals. Several models have been proposed to explain how parents should respond to changes in each other’s parental care to maximize their own fitness, predicting no change, partial compensation, or matching effort as a response. Here, we present an experiment in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) in which we increased the parental care of females by presenting them, but not their mates, with additional nestling begging calls using automated playbacks. We performed this experiment in two populations differing in future breeding opportunities and thus the intensity of conflict over current parental care. We found that in response to a temporary increase in female parental effort, males in the northern population with lower sexual conflict matched the increased effort, whereas males in the southern population did not. We also found that increases in parental care during playbacks were driven by the females (i.e., females initiated the increased effort and their mates followed them) in the northern population but not the southern population. These results support the idea that with incomplete information about the brood value and need, cues or signals from the partner might become important in coordinating parental care.

Distribution and relative abundance of giant squirrels and flying squirrels in Karnataka, India / Distribution et abondance relative des espèces d'écureuils géants et volants à Karnataka, Inde

Mammalia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Honnavalli N. Kumara ◽  
Mewa Singh
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Eastern Ghats ◽  
Northern Population ◽  
Flying Squirrel ◽  
Evergreen Forests ◽  
Flying Squirrels ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Distributional Range ◽  
Abondance Relative ◽  
The Western Ghats

AbstractWe assessed the distribution and relative abundance of giant squirrels and flying squirrels in the state of Karnataka, India. Two species of giant squirrels, the Indian giant squirrel and the grizzled giant squirrel, and two species of flying squirrel, the large brown flying squirrel and the small Travancore flying squirrel, were found to occur in Karnataka. Indian giant squirrels and large brown flying squirrels were more widely distributed than the other two species. The distributional range included the forests of the Western and Eastern Ghats. However, their distribution was confined only to forests with tall trees. Indian giant squirrels and large brown flying squirrels occur in both deciduous and evergreen forests. Small Travancore flying squirrels occupied high-rainfall evergreen forests on western slopes in the Western Ghats, and the grizzled giant squirrels occupy riverine forests. This report of the small Travancore flying squirrel is the first of this species from Karnataka, and this population is the most northern population of its distributional range. Hunting was found to be a major threat, and influenced the abundance of all species except the grizzled giant squirrel. Hunting was primarily for domestic consumption.

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