Cloning and characterisation of the gene encoding red deer (Cervus elaphus) growth hormone: implications for the molecular evolution of growth hormone in artiodactyls

1997 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lioupis ◽  
OC Wallis ◽  
M Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Rate Of Evolution ◽  
Gh Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In mammals the structure of pituitary GH is generally strongly conserved, indicating a slow basal rate of molecular evolution. However, on two occasions, during the evolution of primates and of artiodactyls, the rate of evolution has increased dramatically (25- to 50-fold) so that the sequences of human and ruminant GHs differ markedly from those of other mammalian GHs. In order to define further the burst of GH evolution that occurred in artiodactyls we have cloned and characterised the GH gene of red deer (Cervus elaphus) using genomic DNA and a polymerase chain reaction technique. The deduced sequence for the mature GH from red deer is identical to that of bovine GH, indicating that the burst of rapid evolution of GH that occurred in Artiodactyla must have been completed before the divergence of Cervidae and Bovidae and suggesting that the rate of evolution during this burst must have been greater than previously estimated. In other aspects (signal sequence, 5' and 3' sequences, introns and synonymous substitutions in the coding sequence) the red deer GH gene differs considerably from the GH genes of other ruminants. Differences between the signal peptide sequences of red deer and bovid GHs probably explain why N-terminal heterogeneity is seen in bovine, ovine and caprine GHs but not GH from red deer, pig or most other mammals.

scholarly journals Association of growth hormone (GH) gene polymorphism with growth and carcass in Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Agung ◽  
S. Anwar ◽  
W. P. B. Putra ◽  
M. S. A. Zein ◽  
A. S. Wulandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Gh Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Dressing Percentage

A study was conducted to identify the polymorphism in the intron 3 of the Growth Hormone (GH) gene and also to evaluate the association of the GH gene polymorphism with growth parameters and dressing percentage in the Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle. A total of 267 individual DNA samples were used in the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. The SO cattle growth parameters data (n=44) including birth weight (BW), weaning weight at 205 days of age (WW205), yearling weight at 365 days of age (YW365) and also dressing percentage (DP) (n=122) were investigated in this study. There were three genotypes (AA, AB, and BB) of the GH gene based on the PCR-RFLP analysis with allele frequency was 0.87 and 0.13 for A allele and B allele respectively. The highest genotype frequency in the SO cattle is AA (0.76) and the lowest is BB (0.02). The Heterozygosity Observed (Ho) value in the SO cattle population is 0.23 and Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) value is 0.20. Therefore, the genetic diversity in the SO cattle based on the GH gene polymorphism is quite low. There is no association (P>0.05) in BW, WW205, YW365, and DP with genotypes of the GH gene. As the result, the GH gene in this study cannot be used as a genetic marker in the SO cattle breeding program.

scholarly journals Detection of Transgene in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Technique

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-49
Author(s):  
PC Ray ◽  
MS Alam ◽  
MS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Transgenic Fish ◽  
Specific Primer ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Gh Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Transgenic Tilapia

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique using specific primer can be used to detect transgenes. The present study was undertaken to detect salmon growth hormone (GH) gene in transgenic tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by PCR. DNA was extracted from F1 Tilapia generated by crossing transgenic parents. Two primers were designed to amplify a part of the region of GH gene sequence, which was used to make transgenic tilapia. To confirm the specificity of the selected primer, PCR was performed on diluted DNAs, extracted from tilapia fin tissues. GH transgene sequences (1500 bp) were successfully amplified from transgenic fish in this study. The specificity of the primers was found to be high in detecting the salmon GH transgenes. The PCR-based method therefore, could be used for fast and easy screening of transgenic fish for this gene.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 47-49 2015

Seasonal changes in weight gain, growth hormone, and thyroid hormones in male red deer (Cervus elaphus atlanticus)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2577-2581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Ryg ◽  
Rolf Langvatn
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Antler Growth ◽  
Gain Peak

To elucidate possible endocrine mechanisms in the control of the weight cycle of red deer, we recorded seasonal changes in the concentrations of growth hormone (GH), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) in serum. T3 and T4 were analyzed with specific radioimmunoassays, GH was analyzed with a hetereologous radioimmunoassay. Changes in the levels of these hormones were compared with changes in weight gain. T3 levels were high in summer and low in winter, corresponding to changes in weight gain. Peak values (1.75–4.82 nmol/L) were found in May or June, nadirs occurred in April (0.22–1.78 nmol/L) or October–November (0–1.19 nmol/L). GH levels increased to peak values, 20–53 ng/mL, in April to June, but were low during most of the period of fast weight gain. There were no consistent changes in T4 levels corresponding to the weight cycle. We conclude that the GH peaks following the casting of old antlers may be related to the onset of antler growth. Seasonal changes in T3 levels may be secondary to changes in food intake.

scholarly journals Genetic Polymorphism of Growth Hormone Gene Exon-4 in Surti and Mehsani Goats by PCR- RFLP

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotishree Bayan ◽  
Vishnu Kharadi ◽  
Umed Ramani ◽  
Mamta Janmeda ◽  
Kuldeep Tyagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Allelic Frequency ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Gh Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Exon 4 ◽  
Gene Exon

The present investigation was planned to study growth hormone (GH) gene exon-4 polymorphism using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in Surti and Mehsani goats. GH gene exon-4 region was found to be monomorphic on restriction digestion with HaeIII, which revealed only one genotype CC in both Surti and Mehsani goat breeds. The allelic frequency of C was 1.00 in both the breeds of goats with absence of D allele.

Elaphostrongylus cervi in a population of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and evidence of cerebrospinal nematodiasis in small ruminants in the province of Varese, Italy

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.G. Alberti ◽  
G. Gioia ◽  
G. Sironi ◽  
S. Zanzani ◽  
P. Riccaboni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Internal Parasites ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractThirty-one faecal samples were collected from red deer in the northern area of Varese, in the Italian region of Lombardy, between August and October 2008. The animals had either been hunted or accidently killed. Examination for internal parasites showed a prevalence of 45.2% for Elaphostrongylus cervi larvae and species identification was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ninety-seven faecal samples were also collected from two goat flocks grazing in the same area between December 2007 and May 2008. These showed a prevalence of 74.7% for lungworms. Furthermore, the central nervous systems from five goats and one sheep from this area with a history of neurologically related lameness were examined. Histopathology confirmed E. cervi cerebro- spinal nematodiasis in five cases out of six. This study demonstrates E. cervi transmission from wild to domestic ruminants when the animals graze in the same area, and the possible occurrence of clinical disease in infected goats and sheep associated with high prevalence in deer.

Polymorphism of the growth hormone gene of red deer (Cervus elaphus)

2006 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Caryl Wallis ◽  
Louisa J. Bill ◽  
Elisa J. Burt ◽  
Shirley A. Ellis ◽  
Michael Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene

scholarly journals Genomic analysis reveals a polygenic architecture of antler morphology in wild red deer (Cervus elaphus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Peters ◽  
Jisca Huisman ◽  
Loeske E.B. Kruuk ◽  
Josephine M. Pemberton ◽  
Susan E. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Sexually Selected Traits ◽  
Selected Traits

AbstractSexually-selected traits show large variation and rapid evolution across the animal kingdom, yet genetic variation often persists within populations despite apparent directional selection. A key step in solving this long-standing paradox is to determine the genetic architecture of sexually-selected traits to understand evolutionary drivers and constraints at the genomic level. Antlers are a form of sexual weaponry in male red deer. On the island of Rum, Scotland, males with larger antlers have increased breeding success, yet there has been no response to selection observed at the genetic level. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of this observation, we investigate the genetic architecture of ten antler traits and their principle components using genomic data from >38,000 SNPs. We estimate the heritabilities and genetic correlations of the antler traits using a genomic relatedness approach. We then use genome-wide association and haplotype-based regional heritability to identify regions of the genome underlying antler morphology, and an Empirical Bayes approach to estimate the underlying distributions of allele effect sizes. We show that antler morphology is heritable with a polygenic architecture, highly repeatable over an individual’s lifetime, and that almost all aspects are positively genetically correlated with some loci identified as having pleiotropic effects. Our findings suggest that a large mutational target and pleiotropy with traits sharing similar complex polygenic architectures are likely to contribute to the maintenance of genetic variation in antler morphology in this population.

Expression of neurotrophin-3 in the growing velvet antler of the red deer Cervus elaphus

1997 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Garcia ◽  
M Sadighi ◽  
SM Francis ◽  
JM Suttie ◽  
JS Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Dermal Layer ◽  
Neurotrophin 3 ◽  
Velvet Antler ◽  
Regional Specificity ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Antler Tip

Antlers are organs of bone which regenerate each year from the heads of male deer. In addition to bone, support tissues such as nerves also regenerate. Nerves must grow at up to 1 cm/day. The control of this rapid growth of nerves is unknown. We examined the relative expression of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) mRNA in the different tissues of the growing antler tip and along the epidermal/dermal layer of the antler shaft of the red deer Cervus elaphus, using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Expression in the tip was found to be highest in the epidermal/dermal layer and lowest in the cartilaginous layer in all developmental stages examined. These data correlate well with the density and pattern of innervation of these tissues. Along the epidermal/dermal layer of the antler shaft, expression was highest in the segments subjacent to the tip and lowest near the base, arguing for differences in the temporal expression of NT-3 in these segments. The expression of NT-3 in cells isolated from the different layers of 60-day antlers did not mirror that observed when whole tissues were used and may suggest regional specificity of NT-3 expression within antler tissues.

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