scholarly journals Differential expression of two somatostatin receptor subtype 1 mRNAs in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Slagter ◽  
MA Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Somatostatin Receptor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Signaling System ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Lower Intestine ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Insight Into

Somatostatins (SSs) play important roles in the growth, development and metabolism of vertebrates. In this study, cDNAs for two unique somatostatin receptor variants were cloned and sequenced from rainbow trout. The two cDNAs, one consisting of 1755 bp and the other of 1743 bp, share 63.6% identity in nucleotide sequence and 94.1% identity in deduced amino acid sequence and presumably arose through gene duplication. Each cDNA encodes for a putative 371-amino acid somatostatin receptor (one designated sst1A and the other sst1B) containing seven transmembrane domains. Rainbow trout sst1A and sst1B have 64.4 and 65.5% similarity respectively with human sst1 and only 43-60% similarity with other subtypes. Trout sst1 mRNAs are differentially expressed, both in terms of distribution among tissues as well as in terms of abundance within selected tissues. Both sst1A and sst1B mRNAs were present in brain, stomach, liver, pancreas, upper and lower intestine, pyloric cecum, kidney and muscle, whereas only sst1B mRNA was present in the esophagus. sst1A mRNA was more abundant than sst1B in the optic tectum, whereas sst1B mRNA was more abundant than sst1A in liver. sst1A and sst1B mRNAs were equally abundant in pancreas. These findings contribute to the understanding of the evolution of the SS signaling system and provide insight into the mechanisms that regulate the expression of SS receptors.

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) possess two somatostatin mRNAs that are differentially expressed

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (6) ◽  
pp. R1553-R1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Moore ◽  
Jeffrey D. Kittilson ◽  
Melissa M. Ehrman ◽  
Mark A. Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Endocrine Pancreas ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Amino Acid Precursor ◽  
Lower Intestine ◽  
Acid Precursor

Previously, we isolated a 624-bp cDNA encoding for a 115-amino acid preprosomatostatin containing [Tyr7,Gly10]-somatostatin (SS)-14 (now designated PPSS-II′) obtained from the endocrine pancreas (Brockmann bodies) of rainbow trout. In this study we have characterized a second cDNA obtained from trout pancreas that is 600-bp in length and encodes for a 111-amino acid precursor containing [Tyr7,Gly10]-SS-14 (PPSS-II′′). The nucleotide and amino acid identity between the two cDNAs is 82.3 and 80.5%, respectively. Both PPSS-II′ and PPSS-II′′ mRNA were present in esophagus, pyloric ceca, stomach, upper and lower intestine, and pancreas, whereas only SS-II′′ mRNA was present in brain. PPSS-II′′ mRNA was more abundant than PPSS-II′ mRNA in pancreas, whereas PPSS-II′ mRNA was more abundant than PPSS-II′′ mRNA in stomach. Fasting increased pancreatic PPSS-II′′ mRNA levels but had no effect on the levels of PPSS-II′ mRNA. These results indicate the existence of two nonallelic pancreatic SS-II genes that are differentially expressed, both in terms of distribution among tissues and in terms of relative abundance within the tissues.

scholarly journals Comparisons among rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, populations of maternal transcript profile associated with egg viability

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Weber ◽  
Jill Birkett ◽  
Kyle Martin ◽  
Doug Dixon ◽  
Guangtu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
Maternal Transcripts ◽  
Single Batch ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Transcription is arrested in the late stage oocyte and therefore the maternal transcriptome stored in the oocyte provides nearly all the mRNA required for oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early cleavage of the embryo. The transcriptome of the unfertilized egg, therefore, has potential to provide markers for predictors of egg quality and diagnosing problems with embryo production encountered by fish hatcheries. Although levels of specific transcripts have been shown to associate with measures of egg quality, these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) have not been consistent among studies. The present study compares differences in select transcripts among unfertilized rainbow trout eggs of different quality based on eyeing rate, among 2 year classes of the same line (A1, A2) and a population from a different hatchery (B). The study compared 65 transcripts previously reported to be differentially expressed with egg quality in rainbow trout. Results There were 32 transcripts identified as DEGs among the three groups by regression analysis. Group A1 had the most DEGs, 26; A2 had 15, 14 of which were shared with A1; and B had 12, 7 of which overlapped with A1 or A2. Six transcripts were found in all three groups, dcaf11, impa2, mrpl39_like, senp7, tfip11 and uchl1. Conclusions Our results confirmed maternal transcripts found to be differentially expressed between low- and high-quality eggs in one population of rainbow trout can often be found to overlap with DEGs in other populations. The transcripts differentially expressed with egg quality remain consistent among year classes of the same line. Greater similarity in dysregulated transcripts within year classes of the same line than among lines suggests patterns of transcriptome dysregulation may provide insight into causes of decreased viability within a hatchery population. Although many DEGs were identified, for each of the genes there is considerable variability in transcript abundance among eggs of similar quality and low correlations between transcript abundance and eyeing rate, making it highly improbable to predict the quality of a single batch of eggs based on transcript abundance of just a few genes.

cDNA and amino acid sequences of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) lysozymes and their implications for the evolution of lysozyme and lactalbumin

1991 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Dautigny ◽  
Ellen M. Prager ◽  
Danièle Pham-Dinh ◽  
Jacqueline Jollès ◽  
Farzad Pakdel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

1.  Toxicity of Fresh and Weathered Sunken Heavy Fuel Oil to the Early Life Stages of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Simulated Spawning Shoal Environments

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Adams
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
South American ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Insight Into

Because the density of heavy fuel oil (HFO) is equal to or greater than that of freshwater, it behaves differently than lighter oils that float. Heavy fuel oil can sink to the bottom or be suspended in the water column and affect aquatic organisms that are not typically exposed to floating oils. Most research on oil spill technologies thus far examines the direct exposure of rainbow trout to floating or submerged oil droplets; there is little knowledge of the impacts of non‐floating heavy fuel oil on the water column and benthic organisms exposed to oil that accumulates in sediments. The toxicity of sunken HFO 6303 and Medium South American (MESA; reference) crude oil, as well as the effects of weathering on toxicity to embryos of rainbow trout were assessed using increasing concentrations of oil on gravel substrate in continuous‐flow desorption columns. Toxicity was assessed by measurement of the rates of mortality and growth, and the prevalence of blue sac disease, a hallmark sign of oil toxicity. The lower median lethal concentration for HFO compared to MESA indicated that HFO is more toxic. Interestingly, the LC50 values for fresh and weathered for both oils were similar, indicating little change in toxicity when the oil weathers naturally. Repetition of this experiment and analysis of PAH content in each treatment will provide more insight into the environmental and health risks associated with sunken heavy fuel oil.   

DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN RAINBOW TROUT, ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS, USING A STABLE ISOTOPE

1994 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
C Carter ◽  
S Owen ◽  
Z He ◽  
P Watt ◽  
C Scrimgeour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

It has been suggested (Houlihan, 1991) that the consumption of 1 g of protein in a variety of species of fish stimulates the synthesis of, approximately, an equal amount of protein. Although synthesis of protein may account for as much as 40 % of the whole-animal oxygen consumption (Lyndon et al. 1992), only about 30 % of the synthesized proteins are retained as growth (Houlihan et al. 1988; Carter et al. 1993a,b). Thus, one focus of attention is the potential advantage gained by fish in allocating a considerable proportion of assimilated energy to protein turnover in contrast to relatively low-cost, low-turnover protein growth (Houlihan et al. 1993). Rates of protein synthesis in several species of fish have been measured using radioactively labelled amino acids, frequently given as a flooding dose (reviewed by Fauconneau, 1985; Houlihan, 1991). These measurements cannot be made for longer than a few hours because of the decline in specific radioactivity in the amino acid free pool. However, as protein synthesis rates vary during the course of a day as a result of the post-prandial stimulation, and since radiolabelled amino acid methodology is invasive, short-term and terminal, it has been difficult to be certain of the relationship between protein growth measured in the long term and protein synthesis rates measured in the short term. This paper addresses these problems by developing a method using 15N in orally administered protein to measure protein synthesis rates in fish over relatively long periods, the aim being to use procedures that are as non-invasive and repeatable as possible. The use of stable isotopes to measure protein metabolism is well established in terrestrial mammals (see Rennie et al. 1991; Wolfe, 1992), but to our knowledge the only published data for aquatic ectotherms are on the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) (Hawkins, 1985). In the present study, rates of protein synthesis of individual rainbow trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)] were calculated from the enrichment of excreted ammonia with 15N over the 48 h following the feeding of a single meal (dose) containing protein uniformly labelled with 15N by use of an end-point stochastic model (Waterlow et al. 1978; Wolfe, 1992). Application of this type of modelling would appear to be ideal for measuring ammonotelic fish nitrogen metabolism since, unlike the situation in mammals, the catabolic flux of amino acids through urea is very small. Further, ammonia is excreted directly into the surrounding water via the gills and is not stored for any length of time, in contrast to the situation in mammals, so the rate of tracer appearance is easily measurable.

Amino acid modulation of in vivo intestinal zinc absorption in freshwater rainbow trout

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris N. Glover ◽  
Christer Hogstrand
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Zinc Ion ◽  
Zinc Uptake ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Zinc Absorption ◽  
Zinc Accumulation ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

SUMMARY The composition of the intestinal lumen is likely to have considerable influence upon the absorption, and consequently the nutrition and/or toxicity, of ingested zinc in aquatic environments, where zinc is both a nutrient and a toxicant of importance. The effects of amino acids upon intestinal zinc uptake in freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were studied using an in vivo perfusion technique. The presence of histidine, cysteine and taurine had distinct modifying actions upon quantitative and qualitative zinc absorption, compared to perfusion of zinc alone. Alterations in zinc transport were not correlated with changes in levels of free zinc ion. The chemical nature of the zinc–amino acid chelate, rather than the chelation itself, appeared to have the most important influence upon zinc absorption. l-histidine, despite a strong zinc-chelating effect, maintained quantitative zinc uptake at control (zinc alone) levels. This effect correlated with the formation of Zn(His)2 species. d-histidine at a luminal concentration of 100 mmol l–1 significantly enhanced subepithelial zinc accumulation, but reduced the fraction of zinc that was retained and absorbed by the fish. The possibility of a Zn(His)2-mediated pathway for intestinal uptake is discussed. l-cysteine specifically stimulated the accumulation of zinc post-intestinally, an effect attributed to enhanced zinc accumulation in the blood. Taurine increased subepithelial zinc accumulation, but decreased the passage of zinc to post-intestinal compartments. Amino acids are proposed to have important roles in modifying intestinal zinc uptake with potential implications for environmental toxicity as well as aquaculture.

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