scholarly journals Effect of daidzein, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor or estrogen on gastrocnemius muscle of osteoporotic rats undergoing tibia healing period

2009 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Komrakova ◽  
Carsten Werner ◽  
Michael Wicke ◽  
Ba Tiep Nguyen ◽  
Stephan Sehmisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Level Versus ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Tibia Osteotomy ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

The effect of daidzein (D), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) or estradiol-17β-benzoate (E2) on muscle of osteoporotic rats during fracture healing was studied. After performing a metaphyseal tibia osteotomy in 96 osteoporotic 5-month-old female Sprague–Dawley rats, they received daily 50 mg D, 200 mg 4-MBC or 0.4 mg E2 per kg body weight, or soy free (SF) diet up to 36 and 72 days. Mitochondrial activity, fiber area, and capillary density were analyzed in M. gastrocnemius. Osseous callus bridging of fracture was observed in half of the rats after 36 days. By day 72, fracture was healed in most of the animals. State 3 mitochondrial respiration significantly enhanced in E2, 4-MBC and D groups versus SF after 36 days (30, 32 and 32 vs 23 pmol O2/s per mg). It declined after 72 days, however, in E2 group it was still at a higher level versus SF (25, 23 and 21 vs 20 pmol O2/s per mg). Size of fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG) and fast glycolytic (FG) fibers, capillary density did not differ significantly between the groups, however, at day 36 an increase in D and 4-MBC groups was detectable. FOG diameter was 64, 66, 68, and 58 μm and FG diameter was 88, 98, 95, and 89 μm in SF, D, 4-MBC, and E2 groups. The ratio of capillaries to muscle fiber was 1.1, 1.4, 1.3, and 1.1 in SF, D, 4-MBC and E2 groups by day 36. D and 4-MBC react similar to estrogen thereby improving oxidative cell metabolism in severe osteoporotic rats. The level of mitochondrial activity was higher, though no significant morphological differences could be shown.

scholarly journals Notch signaling-modified mesenchymal stem cells improve tissue perfusion by induction of arteriogenesis in a rat hindlimb ischemia model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shusaku Maeda ◽  
Shigeru Miyagawa ◽  
Takuji Kawamura ◽  
Takashi Shibuya ◽  
Kenichi Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Hindlimb Ischemia ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Whole Transcriptome Analysis

AbstractNotch signaling-modified human mesenchymal stem cell, SB623 cell, is a promising cell therapy product for ischemic stroke. With the aim to expand indications for their use for critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), we hypothesized that SB623 cells improved tissue perfusion by inducing angiogenesis or arteriogenesis in a hindlimb ischemia model rat. In Sprague–Dawley rats, hindlimb ischemia was generated by femoral artery removal, then seven days after ischemic induction 1 × 105 SB623 cells or PBS was injected into the ischemic adductor muscle. As compared with the PBS group, tissue perfusion was significantly increased in the SB623 group. While capillary density did not vary between the groups, αSMA- and vWF-positive arterioles with a diameter  > 15 μm were significantly increased in the SB623 group. Whole transcriptome analysis of endothelial cells co-cultured with SB623 cells showed upregulation of the Notch signaling pathway as well as several other pathways potentially leading to arteriogenesis. Furthermore, rat muscle treated with SB623 cells showed a trend for higher ephrin-B2 and significantly higher EphB4 expression, which are known as arteriogenic markers. In the hindlimb ischemia model, SB623 cells improved tissue perfusion by inducing arteriogenesis, suggesting a promising cell source for treatment of CLTI.

Exercise training and its effects with renal hypertensive rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1410-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Marcus ◽  
C. M. Tipton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Resting Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Hypertensive Rats

The influence of endurance training on functional capacity [maximal O2 consumption (VO2 max)], caudal arterial blood pressure, and myocardial capillary density were investigated in normotensive rats and rats made hypertensive using the two-kidney one-clip approach (Goldblatt's hypertension). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to sham (N: 120–140 mmHg), moderately hypertensive (MH = 0.30-mm clips, 150–170 mmHg), or severely hypertensive (SH = 0.25-mm clips, 190–230 mmHg) groups. Rats designated to be runners (T) were exercised on a motor-driven treadmill equal to 50–70% of their VO2 max values for 8–12 wk. Compared with their nontrained (NT) controls, training was associated with significantly higher VO2 max values (12–15%) and muscle cytochrome-c oxidase activities (33–78%). Resting systolic blood pressure was not significantly changed in the N-and MH-T subgroups; however, it was 20–30 mmHg higher in the SH-T subgroup. Mean absolute heart weight for only the N-T group was significantly heavier than their NT controls. However, the mean predicted heart weights (heart wt = 0.639 X body wt of N-NT + 0.001 g) of the two SH groups were significantly higher than expected. The SH-T group had a lower (11%) subepicardial capillary density mean than its NT control and significantly fewer capillaries in the subendocardial region than the other five subgroups. It was concluded that moderate exercise training appeared to be detrimental to rats with severe hypertension because it increased resting blood pressure and decreased myocardial capillary density, even though it improved their functioning capacity.

Mammalian target of rapamycin pathway is up-regulated by both acute endurance exercise and chronic muscle contraction in rat skeletal muscle

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 862-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany A. Edgett ◽  
Melanie L. Fortner ◽  
Arend Bonen ◽  
Brendon J. Gurd
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Mtor Pathway ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

This study examined changes in the expression of translation initiation regulatory proteins and mRNA following both an acute bout of endurance exercise and chronic muscle contractile activity. Female Sprague Dawley rats ran for 2 h at 15 m·min−1 followed by an increase in speed of 5 m·min−1 every 5 min until volitional fatigue. The red gastrocnemius muscle was harvested from nonexercised animals (control; n = 6) and from animals that exercised either immediately after exercise (n = 6) or following 3 h of recovery from exercise (n = 6). Compared with control, ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) mRNA was elevated (p < 0.05) at both 0 h (+32%) and 3 h (+47%). Both a catalytic subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2Bε) (+127%) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) mRNA (+44%) were increased at 3 h, compared with control. Phosphorylation of mTOR (+40%) and S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) (+266%) were increased immediately after exercise (p < 0.05). Female Sprague Dawley rats also underwent chronic stimulation of the peroneal nerve continuously for 7 days. The red gastrocnemius muscle was removed 24 h after cessation of the stimulation. Chronic muscle stimulation increased (p < 0.05) mTOR protein (+74%), rpS6 (+31%), and eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (+44%, p = 0.069), and this was accompanied by an increase in cytochrome c (+31%). Increased resting phosphorylation was observed for rpS6 (+51%) (p < 0.05) but not for mTOR or eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1. These experiments demonstrate that both acute and chronic contractile activity up-regulate the mTOR pathway and mitochondrial content in murine skeletal muscle. This up-regulation of the mTOR pathway may increase translation efficiency and may also represent an important control point in exercise-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis.

Biocompatibility and biodegradability of implantable drug delivery matrices based on novel poly(decane-co-tricarballylate) photocured elastomers

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Shaker ◽  
Noriko Daneshtalab ◽  
Jules J.E. Doré ◽  
Husam M. Younes
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Tissue Reactions

Visible light photo-cross-linked biodegradable amorphous elastomers based on poly(decane- co-tricarballylate) (PDET) with different cross-linking densities were synthesized, and their cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability were reported. Cytotoxicity of PDET extracts of the elastomers was assessed for mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT assay) and inhibition of [3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA of epithelial cells. The in vivo biocompatibility and biodegradability were determined by subcutaneous implantation of PDET microcylinders in 25 male Sprague–Dawley rats over a period of 12 weeks. The in vivo changes in physical and mechanical parameters of the implants were compared with those observed in vitro. The treated epithelial cells revealed no signs of cytotoxicity, and the elastomer degradation products caused only a slight stimulation to both mitochondrial activity and DNA replication. The implants did not exhibit any macroscopic signs of inflammation or adverse tissue reactions at implant retrieval sites. The retrieved implanted microcylinders maintained their original geometry and extensibility in a manner similar to those observed in vitro. These new elastomers have excellent biocompatibility and are considered promising biomaterials for controlled drug delivery and tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals Effect of diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin on normal and postischemic microcirculation of the rat pancreas

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (6) ◽  
pp. G1507-G1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst von Dobschuetz ◽  
Tomas Hoffmann ◽  
Clemens Engelschalk ◽  
Konrad Messmer
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leukocyte Adherence ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rat Pancreas ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Pancreatic Ischemia ◽  
Complete Restoration

Microcirculatory alterations with reduced nutritive supply to the pancreas could be the cause of hyperamylasemia, which occurs in some patients receiving the vasoactive oxygen carrier diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb) in clinical studies. Therefore, the effects of DCLHb on rat pancreas microcirculation were evaluated. Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats received one of the following treatments during baseline conditions ( n = 7 rats/group): 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HAES) (0.4 ml/kg), DCLHb (400 mg/kg), or DCLHb (1,400 mg/kg). After 1 h of complete, reversible pancreatic ischemia, other animals received 10% HAES (0.4 ml/kg) or DCLHb (400 mg/kg) during the onset of reperfusion. The number of red blood cell-perfused capillaries (functional capillary density, FCD) and the level of leukocyte adherence in postcapillary venules in the pancreas were assessed by means of intravital microscopy during 2 h after treatment. In the nonischemic groups, FCD was 18% greater after DCLHb (1,400 mg/kg) than after 10% HAES treatment without any increase in leukocyte adherence. In the inschemia-reperfusion (I/R) 10% HAES group, FCD was significantly ( P < 0.05) lowered, leukocyte adherence enhanced, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) reduced by 31% compared with nonischemic animals. DCLHb treatment in the I/R group resulted in a slight increase in FCD, a significant ( P < 0.05) reduction of leukocyte adherence, and a complete restoration of MAP compared with the animals of the I/R control group. Thus our data provide no evidence for a detrimental effect on the pancreatic microcirculation or an enhanced risk of postischemic pancreatitis by DCLHb.

Effects of exercising rats during pregnancy

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Wilson ◽  
C. V. Gisolfi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Maternal Exercise ◽  
The Right ◽  
Exercise During Pregnancy

To determine the effects of exercise during pregnancy on the cardiovascular system of their progeny, female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of four groups: 1) trained-nontrained (T-NT) animals who ran for 7 wk at 35 m/min before but not during pregnancy; 2) T-T animals who ran at 35 m/min before and at 32 m/min during pregnancy; 3) control (C) animals who did not exercise; and 4) NT-T animals who only ran (16 m/min) during pregnancy. Significant increases in skeletal muscle cytochrome found between exercised (NT-T, T-T) and nonexercised (C, T-NT) mothers; C animals had significantly lower maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) values than T-T animals at the end of pregnancy. Offspring mortality was greater (P less than 0.05) in the T-T compared with the C group during the 28 days following birth. Maternal exercise had no significant influence on VO2max in the offspring or on myocardial blood flow when these animals were ventilated with either hypoxic (10% O2) or normoxic (21% O2) gases. Right ventricular fiber areas were smaller (P less than 0.05) in T-T and NT-T animals compared with the T-NT group; no significant changes were observed in the left ventricle. Capillary density and fiber-to-capillary ratios were not different in either the right or left ventricle. These results indicate that mild or heavy exercise does not influence VO2max, coronary blood flow in response to stress, or myocardial structure in the male offspring of rats trained during pregnancy.

Skeletal muscle response to spaceflight, whole body suspension, and recovery in rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 2248-2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. J. Musacchia ◽  
J. M. Steffen ◽  
R. D. Fell ◽  
M. J. Dombrowski
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Plasticity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Muscle Mass Loss ◽  
Fast Twitch

Comparisons of soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from male Sprague-Dawley rats (350-400 g) after 7 days of weightlessness, 7 and 14 days of whole body suspension (WBS), and 7 days of recovery from WBS and from vivarium controls were made. Muscle mass loss of approximately 30% was observed in soleus after 7 and 14 days of WBS. Measurement of slow- and fast-twitch fibers showed significant alterations. Reductions in cross-sectional areas and increases in fiber densities in soleus after spaceflight and WBS were related to previous findings of muscle atrophy during unloading. Capillary density also showed a marked increase with unloading. Seven days of weightlessness were sufficient to effect a 20 and 15% loss in absolute muscle mass in soleus and EDL, respectively. However, the antigravity soleus was more responsive in terms of cross-sectional area reductions. After 7 days of recovery from WBS, with normal ambulatory loading, the parameters studied showed a reversal to control levels. Muscle plasticity, in terms of fiber and capillary responses, indicated differences in responses in the two types of muscles and further amplified that antigravity posture muscles are highly susceptible to unloading. Studies of recovery from spaceflight for both muscle metabolism and microvascular modifications are further justified.

scholarly journals Sex- and tissue-dependent creatine uptake in response to different creatine monohydrate doses in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler C Dunham ◽  
Jensen E Murphy ◽  
Rebecca E.K. MacPherson ◽  
Val A. Fajardo ◽  
Wendy E. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Creatine Monohydrate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Creatine Uptake ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Total Creatine ◽  
White Fiber

Sprague-Dawley rats (n=32) underwent 8-weeks of creatine monohydrate (CM) supplementation (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 g/L). Total creatine concentrations (TCr) in female white fiber-dominant gastrocnemius (WGAS) and cardiac muscle (HRT) were significantly higher compared to males (p<0.05). CM supplementation increased TCr concentrations in female WGAS (p<0.05) and HRT (p<0.01) and in male red fiber-dominant gastrocnemius muscle (RGAS) (p<0.05). Future research should further investigate sex-differences in basal levels of TCr and the response to CM supplementation. Novelty – There is a sex- and tissue-dependant response to CM supplementation in rats.

The Effect of Split Nerve on Electromyography Signal Pattern in a Rat Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 095-102
Author(s):  
Maria Deslivia ◽  
Hyun-Joo Lee ◽  
Rizki Zulkarnain ◽  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Arnold Adikrishna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peroneal Nerve ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Emg Amplitude ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Mean

Background Recent developments of prosthetic arm are based on the use of electromyography (EMG) signals. To provide improvements, such as coordinated movement of multiple joints and greater control intuitiveness, higher variability of EMG signals is needed. By splitting a nerve lengthwise, connecting each half to new target muscles, and employing a program to assign each biosignal pattern to a specific movement, we hope to enrich the number of biosignal sites on amputees' stump. Methods We split the gastrocnemius muscle of 12 Sprague-Dawley rats into two muscle heads, searched for the peroneal nerve, divided them lengthwise, and connected one half of the nerve to the tibial nerve innervating both muscle heads (SN_50, n = 8). In another group, we connected the undivided peroneal nerve to the nerve of a single muscle head (non-SN_100, n = 6), while the other muscle head received different innervation (non-SN_0, n = 6). After 10 weeks, we stimulated the peroneal nerve and measured the EMG amplitude. Results Mean EMG amplitude of the muscle head innervated by one half of the nerve (SN_50; 1.77 [range: 0.71–3.24] mV) and by the undivided nerve (non-SN_100; 3.45 mV [range: 1.13–5.34]) was not significantly different. However, the mean EMG amplitude produced by SN_50 was significantly different from that of the other innervation (i.e., non-SN_0; 0.76 mV [range: 0.41–1.35]), indicating the presence of noise. Conclusion Split nerve in combination with split-muscle procedure can yield a meaningful EMG signal that might be used to convey the intention of living organism to a machine.

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