SOME DIETARY AND HORMONAL EFFECTS ON MATERNAL, FOETAL AND PLACENTAL WEIGHTS IN THE RAT

1953 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSA M. CAMPBELL ◽  
I. R. INNES ◽  
H. W. KOSTERLITZ
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Definite Correlation

1. A negative correlation was found between the mean weight of an individual placenta and the number in a litter. Within the range examined and with the methods employed, no definite correlation between the mean weight of an individual foetus and litter size was established. 2. Reduction of the food intake to one-half or one-third during the last 6 days of pregnancy did not result in a decrease in the number and weight of foetuses and placentae. This was apparently brought about by drawing on the maternal reserves laid down during the first 14 days of pregnancy. Absence of protein from the diet during the last 6 days resulted in a very moderate decrease in foetal and placental weights. 3. Absence of the maternal adrenals or pituitary had no influence on foetal and placental weights. The decrease in maternal body weight after hypophysectomy was solely due to loss of appetite and could be prevented by giving the rats adequate amounts of food by stomach tube. 4. The increase in body weight during the first 14 days of pregnancy was maintained after removal of the foetuses as long as the placentae survived. The placentae also had a favourable effect on the maternal body weight in the absence of the foetuses, when the ovaries or adrenals or the pituitary or the pituitary and ovaries were removed, but not when both ovaries and adrenals were absent. The placental factor responsible for this effect appears to act through the ovaries or adrenals. 5. The increase in the weight of the ovaries during pregnancy was not affected by removal of the foetuses, foetuses and pituitary, or foetuses and adrenals. The adrenals of pregnant hypophysectomized rats were not heavier than those of non-pregnant hypophysectomized rats.

scholarly journals The effect of artificial sweeteners on body weight of mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iyad Ali ◽  
Naser Shraim ◽  
Wafaa’ Atrash ◽  
Aisha Sirafi ◽  
Huda Abadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Artificial Sweeteners ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Intakes

Artificial Sweeteners (AS) are synthetic sugar substitutes that have sweetening potency hundreds of times more than the table sugar (sucrose). Artificial sweeteners are regarded as attractive alternatives to sugar as they add no calories to food intake. There are many hypotheses suggesting that AS may enhance appetite and cause weight gain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AS on food intake, fluid intake and body weight of mice. Acceptable daily intakes of AS solutions were administered orally to different set of mice for four weeks. The body weight, food consumption and fluid intake were measured. At the same time, the effect of Zingiber officinale extracts (natural appetite suppressor), Thymus vulgaris extracts (natural appetite inducer) and cyproheptadine (an appetite stimulant drug) on body weight of mice was evaluated. Artificial sweeteners consumption cause insignificant changes in body weight (p>0.05). However, the mean consumption of food and solutions varies significantly for some groups. The consumption of AS has no significant effect on body weight and may contribute to weight maintenance and energy balance as substitutes to high caloric sugar

scholarly journals Establishment of an Experimental Breast Cancer ZHENG Model and Curative Effect Evaluation of Zuo-Jin Wan

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Du ◽  
Yang Sun ◽  
Xiu-Feng Wang ◽  
Yi-Yu Lu ◽  
Qian-Mei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effect Evaluation ◽  
Curative Effect ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Mouse Breast Cancer ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Tcm Syndrome

Herbal formulas based on the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome (ZHENG) have been used as alternative treatments for breast cancer. However, there is a lack of the experimental animal ZHENG model for the evaluation of the herbal formulas. In this study, we have established 4T1 mouse breast cancer with Liver Fire Invading Stomach Syndrome model (4T1 LFISS mice) and investigated the effects of the herbal formula, Zuo-Jin Wan (ZJW). Our results showed that 4T1 LFISS mice have the features of LFISS including irritability, loss of appetite, yellow urine, chow, and a tail hot. Compared to untreated 4T1 LFISS mice, ZJW significantly reduced tumor weight and volume (P<0.05), although it was weaker than Cisplatin. However, ZJW significantly increased the body weight and food intake of 4T1 LFISS mice and decreased serum ALT, AST, Cr, and BUN levels and ZHENG score (P<0.05), while Cisplatin reduced the food intake, and body weight and increased serum ALT, AST, Cr, and BUN levels in 4T1 LFISS mice. Our study has provided a mouse breast cancer ZHENG model and showed that ZJW suppresses tumor growth and improves LFISS and kidney and liver functions in the 4T1 LFISS mice.

ADIPSIA PRODUCED BY HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS IN THE RAT

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Montemurro ◽  
J. A. F. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Tuber Cinereum ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamic ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
General Improvement

With the use of the Horsley–Clarke stereotaxic instrument, bilateral electrolytic lesions were placed in the lateral hypothalamic areas of female Sprague–Dawley rats. Changes in food and water intake and body weight were correlated with the histological localization of the lesions. Rats with large lesions in the frontal plane of the middle of the tuber cinereum died within a week of the operation. Food and water administered by stomach tube did not prevent weight loss and death.Two rats developed adipsia which lasted 13 and 16 days respectively; 10 ml. of tap water per day by stomach tube resulted in increases in food intake and body weight during the period of adipsia. These rats had lesions in the lateral hypothalamic areas in the frontal plane of the middle of the tuber cinereum, but these were small and relatively asymmetrical.Another rat refused water from the time of operation until sacrifice (55 days). Administration of 20 ml. per day of tap water caused an increase in food intake and body weight, and a general improvement. Whenever intake of water was not imposed by stomach tube, however, the food intake dropped and body weight was lost. This animal failed to drink spontaneously. The lesions in this animal were more symmetrical, slightly more dorsal, and about 0.75 mm. more posterior than those which produced temporary adipsia. In the rat, an area essential to the regulation of voluntary consumption of water appears to be located in the lateral hypothalamic areas at about the plane of the posterior ventromedial nuclei and the anterior border of the premammillary nuclei.

Voluntary food intake in relation to body weight among British breeds of cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
St C. S. Taylor ◽  
A. J. Moore ◽  
R. B. Thiessen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

ABSTRACTVoluntary food intake and body weight were examined over 4-week intervals between 14 and 70 weeks of age in 306 females from 25 British breeds of cattle. At each age, the relationship of the natural logarithm of voluntary food intake to that of body weight was examined by linear regression both within and between breeds.Of the total variation in voluntary food intake, the proportion accounted for by body weight was extremely high between breeds (phenotypically, 0·80 or more; genetically 0·88 or more, at most ages) but phenotypically low within breeds (0·33 or less). The mean voluntary intake of a breed at any age could be predicted from its mean body weight at the same age with a coefficient of variation (CV) among breeds that declined with age from 0·08 to 0·04. Within breeds, the corresponding CV for individual intake was between 0·12 and 0·15 beyond 9 months of age, and even higher at early ages.Within breeds, the regression coefficient of log intake on log body weight was close to the value of 0·7 at all ages. Between breeds, it was over 0·8 at early ages, declining to about 0·7 beyond 1 year of age. Thus, genetically larger breeds voluntarily consumed relatively more food at early ages compared with later ages. Breed size should therefore be taken into account when recommending food intake requirements. Breed deviations for high and low appetite are discussed.

Suppression of Food Intake in the Rat by Tung Oil

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 733-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. McPherson Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Tung Oil ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Dry Food ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Tung oil has previously been found to suppress voluntary food intake when mixed with the diet. When tung oil or corn oil were fed by stomach tube to weanling and adult rats, the voluntary intake of laboratory chow was depressed by both lipids. The corn-oil fed animals readjusted their caloric intake to their prefeeding level in adults and to the level consumed by chow-only fed weanlings of the same age. However, the tung-oil fed adult animals consumed only one-half the dry food intake of the corn-oil fed animals (p < 0.001). Consequently the adult tung-oil fed animals lost significantly more (p < 0.01) of their body weight than did the corn-oil fed controls. This suggests that the mechanism of suppression of food intake by tung oil operates at some level other than taste or consistency of the diet.

scholarly journals NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE NOCICEPTIVE TRIGEMINAL PATHWAY IN ABDOMINALLY OBESE MIGRAINEURS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-678
Author(s):  
Olena S. Nikiforova ◽  
Mykhaylo Yu. Delva
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Pain Thresholds ◽  
Cutaneous Allodynia ◽  
Lower Pain ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study were to assess clinical (cutaneous allodynia) and neurophysiological (R2 nBR component) markers of the nociceptive trigeminal-cervical pathway sensitization in the abdominally obese patients with episodic (EM) and chronic migraine (CM). Materials and methods: It had been recorded nBR within interictal period in 79 migraineurs with EM and CM who had abdominal obesity (AO) and normal body weight (NBW). Results: Patients with EM and AO had significantly lower pain thresholds than patients with EM and NBW – 0,55 (0,34-0,63) μV vs 0,70 (0,59-1,03) μV. The mean latency of R2 nBR component was significantly decreased in patients who had EM and AO (36,59 (31,95-42,41) ms) compared to patients who had EM and NBW(46,75 (42,93-52,34) ms). It had been revealed significant increasing of the mean amplitude of the component R2 nBR in patients who had EM and AO (158 (115-197) μV) compared to patients who had EM and NBW (124 (76-144) μV). In patients who had CM and AO, it had been found direct positive correlation between the amplitude of R2 nBR and severity of cutaneous allodynia – τ=0,4 (p=0,03), as well as found negative correlation between the latency of R2 nBR and severity of cutaneous allodynia – τ=-0,44 (p=0,02) within the interictal period of migraine. Conclusions: Neurophysiological findings may indirectly indicate faster migraine chronification in patients with EM and AO.

THE EFFECT OF LOW ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE ON THE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE OF FEMALE MICE

1959 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. BARNETT ◽  
ELIZABETH M. COLEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Squamous Cells ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

SUMMARY Breeding stocks of mice of strain A2G have been studied at environmental temperatures of −3° and 21° C. The mean age of opening of the vagina was 33 days at −3° C, 26 days at 21° C. The mean body weight at opening was 13 g in both temperatures. The vaginal smear of typical oestrus appeared at a mean age of 61 days at −3° C, 38 days at 21° C; it was preceded by variable numbers of anomalous smears containing squamous cells. The mean length of the oestrous cycle was 8·5 days at −3° C, 4·8 days at 21° C. Females transferred from 21° to −3° C had longer cycles at first, but tended to return to normal after some months. The interval between parturitions had two modes, at about 3 and 6 weeks respectively: most intervals were around 6 weeks at −3° C, 3 weeks at 21° C. There was evidence of a negative correlation between the numbers weaned in successive parturitions, when the interval between parturitions was near the minimum. The slowing of the reproductive cycle at −3° C may be attributed to the prior demands of catabolism; but this does not account for the recovery of the mice transferred from warm to cold.

Food intake and energy expenditure of indian troops in training

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Malhotra ◽  
Umesh Chandra ◽  
R. M Rai ◽  
Y. Venkataswamy ◽  
K. Sridharan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin ◽  
The Mean

1. Food intake and energy expenditure were determined on 500 soldiers drawn from infantry, artillery and engineer units of the Indian army, for 3 months during winter..2. The units were located in two different regions of India at altitudes varying from sea level to 2300 m..3. The energy requirements were assessed from the actual food intake as well as from energy expenditure and from the changes in body-weight and skinfold thickness..4. The nutritional adequacy of the diet was assessed from clinical examination and changes in blood haemoglobin concentration..5. The mean energy expenditure was found to be 15.39 MJ (3679 kcal) and on this basis the energy requirement was 16.61 MJ (3970 kcal); energy intake was found to be 16.47 MJ (3936 kcal)..6. The energy contributed by protein, fat and carbohydrate was 0.115, 0.240 and 0.645 of the total intake respectively..7. There was no significant change in body-weight, blood haemoglobin level and skinfold thickness on this mean daily intake.

ADIPSIA PRODUCED BY HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS IN THE RAT

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Montemurro ◽  
J. A. F. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Tuber Cinereum ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamic ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
General Improvement

With the use of the Horsley–Clarke stereotaxic instrument, bilateral electrolytic lesions were placed in the lateral hypothalamic areas of female Sprague–Dawley rats. Changes in food and water intake and body weight were correlated with the histological localization of the lesions. Rats with large lesions in the frontal plane of the middle of the tuber cinereum died within a week of the operation. Food and water administered by stomach tube did not prevent weight loss and death.Two rats developed adipsia which lasted 13 and 16 days respectively; 10 ml. of tap water per day by stomach tube resulted in increases in food intake and body weight during the period of adipsia. These rats had lesions in the lateral hypothalamic areas in the frontal plane of the middle of the tuber cinereum, but these were small and relatively asymmetrical.Another rat refused water from the time of operation until sacrifice (55 days). Administration of 20 ml. per day of tap water caused an increase in food intake and body weight, and a general improvement. Whenever intake of water was not imposed by stomach tube, however, the food intake dropped and body weight was lost. This animal failed to drink spontaneously. The lesions in this animal were more symmetrical, slightly more dorsal, and about 0.75 mm. more posterior than those which produced temporary adipsia. In the rat, an area essential to the regulation of voluntary consumption of water appears to be located in the lateral hypothalamic areas at about the plane of the posterior ventromedial nuclei and the anterior border of the premammillary nuclei.

Heat loss from groups of growing pigs under various conditions of environmental temperature and air movement

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Holmes ◽  
L. E. Mount
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Total Heat Loss ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
The Mean

Continuous measurements of heat loss throughout the 24 hours have been made on groups of pigs living in a large direct calorimeter equipped as a pig pen. Five experiments, each lasting 24 days, were carried out on groups of six pigs each weighing about 20 kg, and these were repeated when body weight was 60 kg on groups of three pigs, chosen from the original six in each case. Each group was exposed initially to an environmental temperature of 20°C for 10 days, followed by either 9°C (two groups at each weight), 30°C (two groups at each weight), or a continuation of 20°C (one group at each weight). In another experiment lasting 66 days a group of four pigs was exposed to 12 and 20°C at two levels of air movement.Heat loss from the groups showed a marked 24-hr cycle, with a maximum n i the afternoon and a minimum in the early morning. The mean amplitude of the cycle at 20°C was 20% of the mean value; this proportion increased at 9 and 12°C.Heat loss was approximately proportional to (body weight)1·0 over the weight range 17·34 kg, and to (body weight)0·8 over the weight range 35·54 kg, when food intake increased in proportion to (body weight)1·0. Over the weight range 55·67 kg, when food intake was constant at 1·83 kg/day per pig, heat loss was proportional to (body weight)0·4. In both 20 and 60-kg pigs, heat losses showed little difference between 20 and 30°C, but were increased at 9°C.Evaporative loss from the pen, as a proportion of total heat loss, was approximately 21% at 9°C, 29% at 20°C, and 61% at 30°C. Voluntary water intake exhibited a marked 24-hr cycle similar in timing to the heat loss cycle.There was no lasting effect on heat loss associated with raising the mean air movement rate in the pen from 10 to 26 cm/sec.

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