THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRITION AND ANDROGENIC ACTIVITY IN PUBESCENT TWIN CALVES, AND THE EFFECT OF ORCHITIS

1967 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
T. MANN ◽  
L. E. A. ROWSON ◽  
R. V. SHORT ◽  
J. D. SKINNER
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Control Animal ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Identical Twin ◽  
Androgen Deficiency ◽  
Androgenic Activity ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARY The inhibitory effect of underfeeding on the process of male pubescence was studied in three pairs of bovine identical twin calves by feeding one twin on a normal and the other on a low plane of nutrition. As a result of malnutrition the development of the androgenic function of the testes was retarded much more markedly than spermatogenesis. In the undernourished twin the testes contained and secreted less testosterone, and showed a lower testosterone: androstenedione ratio, than in the control animal. This nutritionally conditioned androgen deficiency was clearly reflected in a markedly retarded onset of production of fructose and citric acid by the seminal vesicles. After castration the underfed twin responded to testosterone injections much more sluggishly than the control twin, as shown by the delayed appearance of fructose and citric acid in electrically-induced ejaculates. Observations were also made on the effects of orchitis and cryptorchidism. Both these conditions lowered markedly the androgenic activity in the calves.

scholarly journals Comparing enzyme activity modifier equations through the development of global data fitting templates in Excel

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Data Fitting ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inhibitor Binding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Binding Curve ◽  
Global Data ◽  
Global Fitting

The classical way of defining enzyme inhibition has obscured the distinction between inhibitory effect and the inhibitor binding constant. This article examines the relationship between the simple binding curve used to define biomolecular interactions and the standard inhibitory term (1 + ([I]∕Ki)). By understanding how this term relates to binding curves which are ubiquitously used to describe biological processes, a modifier equation which distinguishes between inhibitor binding and the inhibitory effect, is examined. This modifier equation which can describe both activation and inhibition is compared to standard inhibitory equations with the development of global data fitting templates in Excel and via the global fitting of these equations to simulated and previously published datasets. In both cases, this modifier equation was able to match or outperform the other equations by providing superior fits to the datasets. The ability of this single equation to outperform the other equations suggests an over-complication of the field. This equation and the template developed in this article should prove to be useful tools in the study of enzyme inhibition and activation.

EVALUATION OF ANDROGENIC AND GONADOTROPHIC ACTIVITY IN MALE TWIN CALVES BY ANALYSIS OF SEMINAL VESICLES AND SEMEN

1960 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
T. MANN ◽  
L. E. A. ROWSON ◽  
MARY F. HAY
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Androgenic Activity ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Androgenic Effect ◽  
Male Twin

SUMMARY A series of experiments is reported on the evaluation of the androgenic activity in the male by analysis of semen and accessory glands of reproduction. In pubescent male twin calves the onset of the secretory function of seminal vesicles, as reflected in the appearance of fructose and citric acid in ejaculates, was advanced by injections of chorionic gonadotrophin. However, in much younger bull calves, gonadotrophin was incapable of evoking a similar response. On the other hand, testosterone injected into immature animals readily induced high secretory activity in the seminal vesicles. When androstenedione was injected into castrated bull calves, its androgenic effect on the fructose and citric-acid formation in the seminal vesicles was negligible by comparison with the powerful stimulating influence of testosterone. This probably explains why in young bull calves fructose and citric acid are not secreted by the seminal vesicles until the testicular content of testosterone markedly exceeds that of androstenedione. Underfeeding of young maturing bull calves not only delays the onset of secretory activity in the seminal vesicles as a result of decreased androgenic activity of the testes but also diminishes the responsiveness of the seminal vesicles to testosterone.

scholarly journals Comparing enzyme activity modifier equations through the development of global data fitting templates in Excel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Data Fitting ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inhibitor Binding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Binding Curve ◽  
Global Data ◽  
Global Fitting

The classical way of defining enzyme inhibition has obscured the distinction between inhibitory effect and the inhibitor binding constant. This article examines the relationship between the simple binding curve used to define biomolecular interactions and the standard inhibitory term (1+([I]/Ki)). By understanding how this term relates to binding curves which are ubiquitously used to describe biological processes, a modifier equation which distinguishes between inhibitor binding and the inhibitory effect, is examined. This modifier equation which can describe both activation and inhibition is compared to standard inhibitory equations with the development of global data fitting templates in Excel and via the global fitting of these equations to simulated and previously published datasets. In both cases, this modifier equation was able to match or outperform the other equations by providing superior fits to the datasets. The ability of this single equation to outperform the other equations suggests an over-complication of the field. This equation and the template developed in this article should prove to be useful tools in the study of enzyme inhibition and activation.

scholarly journals Comparing enzyme activity modifier equations through the development of global data fitting templates in Excel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Data Fitting ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inhibitor Binding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Binding Curve ◽  
Global Data ◽  
Global Fitting

The classical way of defining enzyme inhibition has obscured the distinction between inhibitory effect and the inhibitor binding constant. This article examines the relationship between the simple binding curve used to define biomolecular interactions and the standard inhibitory term (1+([I]/Ki)). By understanding how this term relates to binding curves which are ubiquitously used to describe biological processes, a modifier equation which distinguishes between inhibitor binding and the inhibitory effect, is examined. This modifier equation which can describe both activation and inhibition is compared to standard inhibitory equations with the development of global data fitting templates in Excel and via the global fitting of these equations to simulated and previously published datasets. In both cases, this modifier equation was able to match or outperform the other equations by providing superior fits to the datasets. The ability of this single equation to outperform the other equations suggests an over-complication of the field. This equation and the template developed in this article should prove to be useful tools in the study of enzyme inhibition and activation.

THE ANDROGENIC POTENCY OF DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE AND TESTOSTERONE IN THE BULL, AND THE EFFECT OF GROWTH HORMONE ON THE BOVINE SEMINAL VESICLE

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
T. MANN ◽  
L. E. A. ROWSON ◽  
S. BARONOS ◽  
A. KARAGIANNIDIS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Similar Dose

SUMMARY The androgenic effects of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone on the bovine seminal vesicles have been evaluated by (i) introducing the steroid directly into one seminal vesicle in situ, while retaining the other vesicle as a control or for the introduction of another steroid, or (ii) injecting the steroid subcutaneously into a whole animal, and examining the seminal vesicles after autopsy. When introduced directly into a seminal vesicle dihydrotestosterone oenanthate stimulated growth and the formation of fructose and citric acid, but the magnitude of the effect was not greater than that of a similar dose of testosterone oenanthate. When twin calves were injected subcutaneously, one with dihydrotestosterone propionate, and the other with the same dose of testosterone propionate, only the latter responded with increased output of fructose, citric acid and α-mannosidase in electro-ejaculated semen. But the seminal vesicles grew to approximately the same size in both twins. Parenterally administered bovine growth hormone produced a sudden but transient burst of secretory activity in the seminal vesicles, resulting in the appearance of fructose and citric acid in electro-ejaculated semen.

The Relationship Between Suicidal Thinking and Dating Violence in a Sample of Adolescent Abortion Patients

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen E. Ely ◽  
William R. Nugent ◽  
Julie Cerel ◽  
Mholi Vimbba
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Adolescent Dating Violence ◽  
Adolescent Relationships ◽  
Suicidal Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The relationship between suicidal thinking and adolescent dating violence has not been previously explored in a sample of adolescent abortion patients. Aims: This paper highlights a study where the relationship between dating violence and severity of suicidal thinking was examined in a sample of 120 young women ages 14–21 seeking to terminate an unintended pregnancy. Methods: The Multidimensional Adolescent Assessment Scale and the Conflict in Adolescent Relationships Scale was used to gather information about psychosocial problems and dating violence so that the relationship between the two problems could be examined, while controlling for the other psychosocial problems. Results: The results suggest that dating violence was related to severity of suicidal thinking, and that the magnitude of this relationship was moderated by the severity of problems with aggression. Conclusions: Specifically, as the severity of participant’s general problems with aggression increased, the magnitude of the relationship between dating violence and severity of suicidal thinking increased. Limitations of the study and implications for practice are discussed.

Emotional Impact Feedback Changes How We Remember Negative Autobiographical Experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. T. Takarangi ◽  
Deryn Strange
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Negative Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Over Time

When people are told that their negative memories are worse than other people’s, do they later remember those events differently? We asked participants to recall a recent negative memory then, 24 h later, we gave some participants feedback about the emotional impact of their event – stating it was more or less negative compared to other people’s experiences. One week later, participants recalled the event again. We predicted that if feedback affected how participants remembered their negative experiences, their ratings of the memory’s characteristics should change over time. That is, when participants are told that their negative event is extremely negative, their memories should be more vivid, recollected strongly, and remembered from a personal perspective, compared to participants in the other conditions. Our results provide support for this hypothesis. We suggest that external feedback might be a potential mechanism in the relationship between negative memories and psychological well-being.

Haematocrit: Relationships with Blood Lipids, Blood Pressure and other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (01) ◽  
pp. 058-064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goya Wannamethee ◽  
A Gerald Shaper
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between haematocrit and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure and blood lipids, has been examined in detail in a large prospective study of 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. The analyses are restricted to the 5494 men free of any evidence of ischaemic heart disease at screening.Smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake and lung function (FEV1) were factors strongly associated with haematocrit levels independent of each other. Age showed a significant but small independent association with haematocrit. Non-manual workers had slightly higher haematocrit levels than manual workers; this difference increased considerably and became significant after adjustment for the other risk factors. Diabetics showed significantly lower levels of haematocrit than non-diabetics. In the univariate analysis, haematocrit was significantly associated with total serum protein (r = 0*18), cholesterol (r = 0.16), triglyceride (r = 0.15), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.17) and heart rate (r = 0.14); all at p <0.0001. A weaker but significant association was seen with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.09, p <0.001). These relationships remained significant even after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake, lung function, presence of diabetes, social class and for each of the other biological variables; the relationship with systolic blood pressure was considerably weakened. No association was seen with blood glucose and HDL-cholesterol. This study has shown significant associations between several lifestyle characteristics and the haematocrit and supports the findings of a significant relationship between the haematocrit and blood lipids and blood pressure. It emphasises the role of the haematocrit in assessing the risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in individuals, and the need to take haematocrit levels into account in determining the importance of other cardiovascular risk factors.

Structuralism as a Pamphlet (On the Book by E. Reinert “How Rich CountriesGot Rich... And Why Poor Countries Stay Poor”. 2nd ed.)

2014 ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
P. Orekhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Increasing Returns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Static Theory ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Historical School ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Relationship

The review outlines the connection between E. Reinert’s book and the tradition of structural analysis. The latter allows for the heterogeneity of industries and sectors of the economy, as well as for the effects of increasing and decreasing returns. Unlike the static theory of international trade inherited from the Ricardian analysis of comparative advantage, this approach helps identify the relationship between trade, production, income and population growth. Reinert rehabilitates the “other canon” of economic theory associated with the mercantilist tradition, F. Liszt and the German historical school, as well as a reconside ration of A. Marshall’s analysis of increasing returns. Empirical illustrations given in the book reveal clear parallels with the path of Russian socio-economic development in the last twenty years.

Dış Göç Romanlarında Temel İzlekler

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-317
Author(s):  
Burak Çavuş
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Guest Worker ◽  
Migration Literature ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
The Relationship

Bu çalışmada, 1960-1990 yılları arasında yayınlanan ve Avrupa’ya işçi göçünü konu edinen romanlar izleksel bağlamda incelenmiştir. Romanlardaki temel izlekler çerçevesinde göç süreci irdelenmiş, inceleme, göçmenlerin tanımlanmasında ve adlandırılmasında kullanılan Gastarbeiter (konuk işçi) Auslander (yabancı) kavramları ve Almanlar tarafından Türk kimliğine atfedilen çağrışımlar üzerinden yürütülmüştür. Göçmenlere yönelik politikalarda ve yaklaşımlarda onların nasıl tanımlandığının etkili olduğuna ve yazınsal süreçte de bu politika ve yaklaşımların belirleyici olduğu savından hareket edilmiştir. Bu noktada adlandırmaların, tanımlamaların göç olayı çerçevesinde biz ve öteki ilişkisi üzerindeki etkisine odaklanılmış; toplum ve yazın ilişkisi temelinde incelenen romanlar üzerinden göç ve göçmenlik meselesine dair çıkarımlar yapılmıştır. Bunlar arasında, ayrımcılık, kötü çalışma koşulları, hak ihlalleri, ırkçılık ve ötekileştirme gibi başat sorunların bu eserlerde merkezi konumda olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Böylece çalışmanın amacı olan göç yazınını oluşturan temel izleklere ulaşılmış; sosyolojik ve tarihsel gerçekliğin yazınsal gerçekliğe aktarılmasında etkili olan unsurlar ön plana çıkarılmıştır. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH Main Patterns in Migration Novels In this study, the novels published between 1960-1990 and dealing with the migration of workers to Europe were examined in a contextual context. The process of immigration has been examined within the framework of the basic lines in the novels, through the concepts of Gastarbeiter (guest worker), Auslander (foreigner) used in the identification and naming of immigrants and connotations attributed to Turkish identity was conducted. The argument is that how they are defined is effective in policies and approaches towards immigrants and that these policies and approaches are determinative in the literary process. At this point, the effect of naming definitions on us and the other relationship within the framework of migration has been focused; there are inferences about the issue of migration and immigration through the novels examined on the basis of the relationship between society and literature. Among these, it has been determined that dominant problems such as discrimination, poor working violations, racism and marginalization are central to these works. Thus, the basic themes that constitute the migration literature, which is the aim of the study have been reached and the factors that are effective in transferring the sociological and historical reality have been brought the fore.

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