Effects of vasopressin-glycine and vasopressin-glycine-lysine-arginine on renal function in the rat

ABSTRACT The peptides vasopressin-Gly and vasopressin-Gly-Lys-Arg occur as part of the sequence of the vasopressin-neurophysin precursor molecule and may be released from the hypothalamus and/or pituitary. [8-Lysine]-vasopressin-Gly (LVP-Gly) and [8-lysine]-vasopressin-Gly-Lys-Arg were administered i.v. to conscious, water-diuretic rats. The renal effects of the peptides were assessed by comparison with the actions of [8-lysine]-vasopressin (LVP) which was administered to separate groups of rats. LVP-Gly and LVP-Gly-Lys-Arg were weakly antidiuretic. LVP-Gly-Lys-Arg was the more potent of the two peptides, but on a molar basis it only had about 10% of the antidiuretic activity of LVP. LVP-Gly and LVP-Gly-Lys-Arg at 10 pmol/h per 100 g body weight (equivalent to the maximal antidiuretic dose of LVP) slightly decreased (P < 0·001) urine flow without causing significant changes in urine osmolality. LVP (10 pmol/h per 100 g body weight) promoted a marked natriuresis (P < 0·001 ) but LVP-Gly and LVP-Gly-Lys-Arg were not natriuretic, even at the dose which was markedly antidiuretic (100 pmol/h per 100 g body weight). Osmolal output decreased at all doses during administration of the extended peptides, but was not significantly changed in the control group or by LVP. Inulin clearance was decreased by about 30% during administration of both LVP and LVP-Gly-Lys-Arg at 100 pmol/h per 100 g body weight. It is concluded that LVP-Gly and LVP-Gly-Lys-Arg show weak antidiuretic activities and that the effect on urine flow may be partly due to a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The decrease in osmolal output produced by the peptides is also a likely consequence of an effect on GFR. It is suggested that LVP-Gly and LVP-Gly-Lys-Arg have a low potential for activation of tubular vasopressin receptors, as shown by the weak antidiuretic activity and lack of a natriuretic action, but that they have a relatively stronger action on glomerular vasopressin receptors. J. Endocr. (1986) 108, 255–260

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Mechanisms of Post-Obstructive Diuresis in the Solitary Hydronephrotic Kidney of the Rat

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0480167 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 167-176

Author(s):

D. R. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Glomerular Filtration ◽

Sodium Excretion ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Urine Osmolality ◽

Urine Flow ◽

Control Group ◽

Water Reabsorption ◽

Hydronephrotic Kidney ◽

Remnant Kidney

1. In order to clarify further the phenomenon of post-obstructive diuresis, clearance and micro-puncture experiments were done before and after relief of partial ureteral obstruction in rats with a solitary hydronephrotic kidney. 2. Glomerular filtration rate, urine flow and sodium excretion increased markedly, whereas surface nephron glomerular filtration rate increased only slightly and intratubular pressure, proximal and distal tubular water reabsorption did not change significantly. Decreased tubular reabsorption in deeper nephrons and collecting ducts appeared to be of major importance in the post-obstructive diuresis after relief of chronic obstruction. 3. In order to examine further the distinctive functional characteristics of the chronically hydronephrotic kidney, the results were compared with control rats having a solitary normal kidney or a solitary remnant kidney with an intact renal medulla. Urine flow rate and sodium excretion were higher and urine osmolality was lower (P < 0.01) in post-obstructive kidneys when compared with either control group. There were no differences in glomerular filtration rate or surface nephron function which could account for the greater diuresis and natriuresis from the hydronephrotic kidney, thus confirming the importance of an abnormality in deep nephron or medullary function in post-obstructive diuresis. 4. There was a greater diuresis in post-obstructive rats with a marked increase in blood urea concentration. Water reabsorption in the distal nephron was decreased in such animals, as well as in urea-loaded rats with a remnant kidney, indicating the probable mechanism by which urea diuresis potentiates the phenomenon of post-obstructive diuresis.

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EFFECTS OF ARGININE-, LYSINE- AND LEUCINE-VASOPRESSIN ON URINARY OSMOLALITY AND RATE OF URINE FLOW IN HYDRATED RATS AND DOGS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.xxxii0134 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol XXXII (I) ◽

pp. 134-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Niels A. Thorn

Keyword(s):

Arginine Vasopressin ◽

Urine Osmolality ◽

Urine Flow ◽

The Other ◽

Maximum Increase ◽

Urinary Osmolality ◽

Lysine Vasopressin

ABSTRACT Arginine-, lysine- and leucine-vasopressin, injected i. v. into hydrated rats or dogs caused different patterns of response in that urine osmolality fell much more slowly after the maximum increase following arginine-vasopressin, than after the other two preparations. Using 3 different parameters for antidiuretic response, arginine-vasopressin was somewhat more potent than leucine-vasopressin in both rats and dogs, considerably more potent than lysine-vasopressin in rats, and much more so in dogs.

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Effects of a 14-Day Hydration Intervention on Individuals with Habitually Low Fluid Intake

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000515375 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aaron R. Caldwell ◽

Megan E. Rosa-Caldwell ◽

Carson Keeter ◽

Evan C. Johnson ◽

François Péronnet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Total Body Water ◽

Fluid Intake ◽

Urine Volume ◽

Urine Osmolality ◽

Body Water ◽

Control Group ◽

Intervention Phase ◽

Total Body ◽

Experimental Group

Background: Debate continues over whether or not individuals with low total water intake (TWI) are in a chronic fluid deficit (i.e., low total body water) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1</xref>]. When women with habitually low TWI (1.6 ± 0.5 L/day) increased their fluid intake (3.5 ± 0.1 L/day) for 4 days 24-h urine osmolality decreased, but there was no change in body weight, a proxy for total body water (TBW) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2</xref>]. In a small (n = 5) study of adult men, there were no observable changes in TBW, as measured by bioelectrical impedance, after increasing TWI for 4 weeks [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>]. However, body weight increased and salivary osmolality decreased indicating that the study may have been underpowered to detect changes in TBW. Further, no studies to date have measured changes in blood volume (BV) when TWI is increased. Objectives: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify individuals with habitually low fluid intake and determine if increasing TWI, for 14 days, resulted in changes in TBW or BV. Methods: In order to identify individuals with low TWI, 889 healthy adults were screened. Participants with a self-reported TWI less than 1.8 L/day (men) or 1.2 L/day (women), and a 24-h urine osmolality greater than 800 mOsm were included in the intervention phase of the study. For the intervention phase, 15 participants were assigned to the experimental group and 8 participants were assigned to the control group. The intervention period lasted for 14 days and consisted of 2 visits to our laboratory: one before the intervention (baseline) and 14 days into the intervention (14-day follow-up). At these visits, BV was measured using a CO-rebreathe procedure and deuterium oxide (D2O) was administered to measure TBW. Urine samples were collected immediately prior, and 3–8 h after the D2O dose to allow for equilibration. Prior to each visit, participants collected 24-h urine to measure 24-h hydration status. After the baseline visit, the experimental group increased their TWI to 3.7 L for males and 2.7 L for females in order to meet the current Institute of Medicine recommendations for TWI. Results: Twenty-four-hour urine osmolality decreased (−438.7 ± 362.1 mOsm; p < 0.001) and urine volume increased (1,526 ± 869 mL; p < 0.001) in the experimental group from baseline, while there were no differences in osmolality (−74.7 ± 572 mOsm; p = 0.45), or urine volume (−32 ± 1,376 mL; p = 0.89) in the control group. However, there were no changes in BV (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">1</xref>a) or changes in TBW (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">1</xref>b) in either group. Conclusions: Increasing fluid intake in individuals with habitually low TWI increases 24-h urine volume and decreases urine osmolality but does not result in changes in TBW or BV. These findings are in agreement with previous work indicating that TWI interventions lasting 3 days [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2</xref>] to 4 weeks [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>] do not result in changes in TBW. Current evidence would suggest that the benefits of increasing TWI are not related changes in TBW.

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Diuretic activity of the bark of Eysenhardtia polystachya

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v11i1.24659 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 212 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Saudy Saret Pablo-Pérez ◽

María Mirian Estévez-Carmona ◽

María Estela Meléndez-Camargo

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Treated Group ◽

Female Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Electrolyte Balance ◽

Urinary Flow ◽

Diuretic Activity ◽

Sodium And Potassium ◽

Different Doses

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diuretic activity of Eysenhardtia polystachya bark aqueous extract at different doses in a rat model. Different doses of E. polystachya (125, 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight), furosemide (4 mg/kg) and vehicle were administered per os to female rats (n=6 animals per group). After 6 hours in metabolic cages, the effect on urinary flow, glomerular ﬁltration rate and electrolyte balance of sodium and potassium were assessed in all animals. E. polystachya at the doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg induced diuretic activity, since markedly increased (p<0.05) the urinary flow rate, similar to that of furosemide treated group. Only the dose of 750 mg/kg produced an increment in urinary excretion of sodium but not of potassium compared with control group. These findings indicate that E. polystachya bark-induced diuretic activity, providing evidence for its folkloric use.

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Renal function and plasma levels of arginine vasotocin during free flight in pigeons.

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.200.24.3203 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 200 (24) ◽

pp. 3203-3211 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

I Giladi ◽

D L Goldstein ◽

B Pinshow ◽

R Gerstberger

Keyword(s):

Glomerular Filtration ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Control Level ◽

Urine Osmolality ◽

Urine Flow ◽

Arginine Vasotocin ◽

Free Flight ◽

Water Reabsorption ◽

Before And After

We examined urinary water loss and plasma levels of arginine vasotocin (AVT) in free-flying, tippler pigeons trained to fly continuously for up to 5 h. First, we used [3H]polyethyleneglycol ([3H]PEG) as a glomerular filtration marker by implanting an osmotic minipump into each bird. In two flights (10 birds in winter at an ambient temperature of 13-15 degrees C and seven in summer at 23 degrees C), we measured pre-flight (hydrated, resting control birds) and post-flight [3H]PEG activity and osmolality in blood and ureteral urine. For comparison, we measured these variables in 10 birds in winter before and after controlled dehydration (24 h at 25 or 30 degrees C). Second, we measured plasma levels of AVT in 6-8 birds before and immediately after each of three different summer flights. Urine osmolality increased significantly by up to three times the control level in both post-flight and dehydrated pigeons; urine:plasma osmolality ratios did not exceed 2. Compared with controls, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was significantly lower after flight in summer, but did not change in either post-flight or dehydrated winter pigeons. In winter, mean post-flight urine flow rate (UFR) decreased significantly to less than half the control level, while in summer, post-flight UFR did not differ from control levels. In general, mean filtered water reabsorption (FrH2O) increased from 95 % in controls to 98 % in post-flight and dehydrated birds. Plasma levels of AVT increased after flight to between three and eight times the preflight levels. The data from this first study of kidney function during flight are consistent with previous studies of dehydration in birds and exercise in mammals in which both increased FrH2O and decreased GFR contribute to renal conservation of water.

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Meclofenamate and urine concentration with and without exposure of the renal papilla

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1981.240.5.f423 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 240 (5) ◽

pp. F423-F429 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. J. Roman ◽

C. Lechene

Keyword(s):

Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Glomerular Filtration ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Urine Osmolality ◽

Urine Concentration ◽

Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽

Urine Flow ◽

Renal Papilla ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Pelvic Urine

The recent finding that inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis prevent the fall in urine concentration produced by papillary exposure challenges the hypothesis that contact between the pelvic urine and papilla is essential to the renal concentrating process. The present study examines the change in urine osmolality produced by exposure of the renal papilla in rats given meclofenamate. In control animals urine osmolality(Uosmol) decreased 57% after 2 h of exposure of the renal papilla. In rats given meclofenamate 4 mg/kg urine osmolality increased 16%, urine flow decreased 30%, and glomerular filtration rate was unchanged in the nonexposed kidney. Meclofenamate, however, did not alter the decrease in Uosmol seen in the kidney with the exposed papilla. Meclofenamate 10 mg/kg was also ineffective in preventing the fall in urine osmolality produced by papillary exposure, although this higher dose decreased glomerular filtration rate and arterial blood pressure. These results are consistent with the finding that pelvic urine urea is important to the urinary concentrating process and with the hypothesis that urine osmolality falls after papillary exposure because contact between pelvic urine and papilla is interrupted.

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Vasopressin contamination as a cause of some apparent renal actions of prolactin

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y76-124 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 887-890 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R. Keeler ◽

N. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Glomerular Filtration ◽

Urine Output ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Urine Osmolality ◽

Brattleboro Rats ◽

Urine Excretion ◽

Renal Effects ◽

Antidiuretic Activity ◽

Electrolyte Retention

The injection or infusion of NIAMDD prolactin (NIH P-S-10) into unanesthetized rats resulted in water and electrolyte retention with a large increase in urine osmolality but no effect on glomerular filtration rate. Since these effects on urine output were also observed in homozygous Brattleboro rats, the antidiuretic activity could not have been caused by the release of endogenous antidiuretic hormone.Radioimmunoassay of NIH prolactin showed that it was contaminated with vasopressin (20 ng/mg of prolactin). By comparison, Sigma prolactin had no observed effect on urine excretion and contained very little vasopressin (2.5 ng/mg).It is concluded that some of the renal effects of prolactin that have been reported in the literature may have been caused by the contaminating vasopressin.

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Renal response to vasopressin and indomethacin in cisplatin-treated rats

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0730377 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 377-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christopher J. Lote ◽

Ernest S. Harpur ◽

Andrew Thewles ◽

Donna J. Phipps

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Single Dose ◽

Treated Group ◽

Urine Flow ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Fischer 344 ◽

Antidiuretic Effect ◽

Natriuretic Effect ◽

Observation Period

1. Cisplatin [6 mg/kg body weight, in 0.9% (w/v) NaCl] was injected intraperitoneally as a single dose to two groups of rats (Fischer 344 strain). Two further groups of rats, injected intraperitoneally with an equivalent volume of 0.9% (w/v) NaCl, were used as controls. The cisplatin-treated rats developed a pronounced polyuria which did not recover during an 18 week observation period. 2. After 21 weeks, one group of the cisplatin-treated animals received a 6 h infusion of 2.5% d-glucose. Vasopressin (60 μ-units min−1 100 g−1 body weight) was incorporated into the infusate for the final 2 h. A control group of animals received an identical infusion. One week later the other group of cisplatin-treated rats received a 6 h infusion of 0.9% (w/v) NaCl. Indomethacin was incorporated into the infusate for 15 min, at 3 h 52.5 min, to deliver a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. A control group again received an identical infusion. 3. Cisplatin did not impair the antidiuretic effect of vasopressin, but it reduced the natriuretic effect of vasopressin, and also impaired the ability of the animals to produce concentrated urine. 4. Cisplatin did not alter basal PGE2 excretion, or the reduction in PGE2 excretion induced by indomethacin. However, the urine flow in the cisplatin-treated group did not fall after indomethacin, whereas there was a fall in urine flow in the control group.

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The Responses to Water Deprivation in Lithium-Treated Patients with and without Polyuria

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0630549 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 549-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

D. B. Morgan ◽

M. D. Penney ◽

R. P. Hullin ◽

T. H. Thomas ◽

D. P. Srinivasan

Keyword(s):

Water Intake ◽

Water Deprivation ◽

Urine Osmolality ◽

Drug Group ◽

Urine Flow ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Manic Depressive ◽

Renal Concentrating Mechanism ◽

Depressive Patients

1. Urine osmolality and plasma and urine arginine vasopressin (AVP) were measured before, during and at the end of 23 h of water deprivation in four groups of subjects. There were eight non-polyuric manic-depressive patients taking lithium (the lithium group), seven manic-depressive patients taking other psychotropic drugs but not lithium (the other drug group), seven healthy subjects (the control group) and three lithium-treated patients with polyuria (the polyuric lithium group). 2. The lithium group had a resistance to the effect of AVP on the renal tubule with a fivefold increase in AVP excretion at a given urine osmolality. However, their water homoeostasis was intact as they lost no more weight during water deprivation than did the control group. 3. The relationship beween urine osmolality and AVP excretion has been defined from these results and the effect of lithium treatment on it has been characterized. The results suggest that lithium competitively inhibits the effect of AVP on the renal concentrating mechanism but does not decrease the ‘theoretical’ maximum urine osmolality. 4. The other drug group had a high basal urine flow which was due to a primary increase in water intake. The responsiveness of the renal concentrating mechanism to AVP was the same in this group as in the control group. 5. The polyuric lithium group had the highest basal urine flow and lost the greatest amount of weight during water deprivation. Neither urine osmolality nor AVP excretion was at a maximum in the basal state, as both increased during water deprivation. These relationships between urine osmolality and AVP excretion indicated a much greater resistance to AVP than in the other lithium-treated patients. 6. We suggest that these patients are polyuric as they become thirsty and drink before their AVP secretion increases to levels high enough to overcome the resistance to AVP. The results suggest, however, that in the basal state their water intake may be more than the minimum determined by the resistance to AVP.

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EVIDENCE THAT THE ANTIDIURETIC SUBSTANCE IN THE PLASMA OF CHILDREN WITH NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS IS ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.32.3.384 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 384-388

Author(s):

Malcolm A. Holliday ◽

Charles Burstin ◽

Jean Harrah

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Insipidus ◽

Antidiuretic Hormone ◽

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus ◽

Water Deprivation ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Urine Osmolality ◽

Urine Flow ◽

Antidiuretic Activity ◽

Antecubital Vein ◽

Assay Technique

The antidiuretic activity in the plasma of four children with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus was measured by a rat assay technique. The evidence presented to indicate that this activity was due to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was as follows: (a) the activity was higher in jugular vein plasma than in femoral or antecubital vein plasma, (b) it was high when the children were thirsted and decreased when they drank water, (c) it was destroyed when the plasma was incubated with thioglycollate, and (d) it was ultrafilterable, and vasopressin (Pitressin), when injected, was distributed as though it was ultrafilterable. When the children were given vasopressin, there was no change in urine flow or osmolality, but plasma antidiuretic activity was higher than it was when water deprivation led to a reduction in urine flow and an increase in urine osmolality. The inference of these findings is that ADH is secreted normally in children with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, it is ultrafilterable, but it is not a factor in modifying urine flow in response to dehydration.

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