Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1, glucose tolerance and fetal growth in human pregnancy

1993 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Baldwin ◽  
T. Chung ◽  
M. Rogers ◽  
T. Chard ◽  
H. S. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Factor Binding ◽  
The Third ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Two hundred Chinese primigravidae had 50 g 3-h oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) twice in pregnancy; between 20 and 24 weeks and between 30 and 34 weeks of gestation. In 149 women, a single sample was taken for insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) measurement 0, 1, 2 or 3 h after the glucose load at both visits; in 55 women IGFBP-1 levels were estimated in all four OGTT samples. Fetal growth was assessed by ultrasound performed at the first and second visit and, if possible, at term, and by anthropometry of the neonate. Cord serum IGFBP-1 was measured in 144 of the babies. Mothers who developed gestational diabetes were excluded. Maternal levels of IGFBP-1 were inversely related to glucose levels at 0, 1 and 2 h in the third trimester of pregnancy. IGFBP-1 measured at 1 h in an OGTT increased between the second and third trimester. There was an inverse correlation between maternal IGFBP-1 measured in the second trimester and all fetal measurements at that time, and with most neonatal measurements and birthweight. Levels of IGFBP-1 in the third trimester were inversely correlated to neonatal abdominal circumference, skinfold thickness and birthweight. Cord blood IGFBP-1 was inversely related to growth of abdominal circumference. The strongest inverse relationship was between IGFBP-1 and maternal weight. Fasting glucose in the second trimester was positively correlated to fetal subcutaneous fat and growth of abdominal circumference. In the third trimester it was related to fetal abdominal circumference, the growth of abdominal circumference, birthweight and neonatal skinfold thickness. In a multiple regression analysis, both glucose and IGFBP-1 were shown to be determinants of birthweight. It is concluded that IGFBP-1 levels are related to glucose tolerance in pregnancy, and that both IGFBP-1 and glucose have a role in determining birthweight. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 136, 319–325

Hemorrhoidectomy in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy: A Case Report of A Primipara With Twin Gestation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Edwin Onyedikachi Chukwudi ◽  
Itekena Eugene Wakama ◽  
Ugochukwu Onyinye ◽  
Emi Membere-Otagi . ◽  
Akano Charity . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cervical Cerclage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Multiple Gestations ◽  
Male Twin ◽  
In Pregnancy

Hemorrhoids in pregnancy rarely require surgical treatment. Hemorrhoidectomy when done in pregnancy may result in complications for the mother or fetus. With multiple gestations (twin gestation in this case), the risk of these complications could be higher, more so, when done in the third rather than second trimester. We report the management of a 29yr old woman with twin gestation and in situ cervical cerclage who developed strangulated hemorrhoids at 30 weeks gestation. She had successful hemorrhoidectomy, continued her pregnancy until vaginal delivery of a healthy set of male twin neonates at 37 weeks gestation without recurrence.

Ultrasound Diagnosis of Craniosynostosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Miller ◽  
H. Wolfgang Losken ◽  
Richard Towbin ◽  
A'delbert Bowen ◽  
Mark P. Mooney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Trimester ◽  
Prenatal Ultrasound ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Coronal Suture ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Cephalic Index ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Made In

Objective To retrospectively study prenatal ultrasound images of patients with craniosynostosis to determine the extent to which prenatal diagnosis is possible. Method Prenatal ultrasound images of 19 patients with postnatally diagnosed metopic or coronal suture craniosynostosis were retrospectively reviewed. The 26 ultrasound examinations obtained were compared with normal images and tables of gestation. Results It was not possible to diagnose craniosynostosis in the first trimester. In the second trimester, Kleeblattschädel was diagnosed at 20.5 weeks. A multilobular shape to the skull and diastasis of the frontotemporal suture was identified. In a second child with Kleeblattschädel, the cephalic index was above normal 86.4 (normal range 70 to 86), and the head circumference to abdominal circumference was increased. In the third trimester, the head shape deformation was more obvious. Brachycephaly diagnosis was made in the second trimester. In Crouzon syndrome the hypertelorism was identified at 19.9 weeks. Plagiocephaly was diagnosed at 21.4 weeks. In trigonocephaly the reduced cephalic index was noted at 18.8 weeks. In the third trimester, the deformity was diagnosed in all cases. Conclusion No diagnosis of craniosynostosis was made in the first trimester. In the second trimester, it was possible to diagnose Kleeblattschädel, tri-gonocephaly, brachycephaly (bilateral coronal suture craniosynostosis), and plagiocephaly (unilateral coronal suture craniosynostosis) in nine of the examinations. In the third trimester and at term, it was possible to diagnose previously listed conditions from six of the seven examinations obtained. Klee-blattschädel was suspected during original examination. A total of 15 examinations of 26 were correctly diagnosed during this investigation.

Intrauterine Fetal Growth Delay During Late Pregnancy After Maternal Gastric Bypass Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Feichtinger ◽  
Veronica Falcone ◽  
Theresa Schoenleitner ◽  
Tina Stopp ◽  
Peter Wolf Husslein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Growth Delay ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
The Third

Abstract Purpose To investigate intrauterine fetal growth development and birth anthropometry of fetuses conceived after maternal gastric bypass surgery. Materials and Methods Longitudinal cohort study describing longitudinal growth estimated by ultrasound on 43 singleton pregnancies after gastric bypass compared to 43 BMI-matched controls. Results In fetuses after maternal gastric bypass surgery, growth percentiles decreased markedly from the beginning of the second trimester until the end of the third trimester (decrease of 3.1 fetal abdomen circumference percentiles (95 %CI 0.9–5.3, p = 0.007) per four gestational weeks). While in the second trimester, fetal anthropometric measures did not differ between the groups, the mean abdomen circumference percentiles appeared significantly smaller during the third trimester in offspring of mothers after gastric bypass (mean difference 25.1 percentiles, p < 0.001). Similar tendencies have been observed in estimated fetal weight resulting in significantly more SGA offspring at delivery in the gastric bypass group. In children born after maternal gastric bypass surgery, weight percentiles (32.12th vs. 55.86th percentile, p < 0.001) as well as placental weight (525.2 g vs. 635.7 g, p < 0.001) were significantly reduced compared to controls. Conclusion In fetuses conceived after maternal gastric bypass, intrauterine fetal growth distinctively declined in the second and third trimester, most prominently observed in fetal abdomen circumferences. Birth weight and placental weight at birth was significantly lower compared to BMI-matched controls, possibly due to altered maternal metabolic factors and comparable to mothers experiencing chronic hunger episodes.

Hormonal changes causing rhinitis in pregnancy among Malaysian women

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (9) ◽  
pp. 876-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Indirani ◽  
R Raman ◽  
S Z Omar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pregnancy Rhinitis ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Malaysian Women

AbstractObjectives:To investigate the aetiology of rhinitis occurring in pregnancy, by (1) describing the relationship between pregnancy rhinitis and serum oestrogen, progesterone, placental growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor, and (2) assessing the prevalence of pregnancy rhinitis among Malaysian women.Methods:Prospective study involving 30 pregnant women followed at an ante-natal clinic for 14 months. Hormone levels were analysed during pregnancy and the post-partum period.Results:Levels of all four hormones were elevated in the third trimester, compared with first trimester and post-partum values. Rhinitis patients had higher levels of oestrogen and insulin-like growth factor 1 in the third trimester than non-rhinitis patients, although these differences were not statistically significant. The prevalence of rhinitis was 53.3 per cent, with most cases occurring in the third trimester. Patients with pregnancy rhinitis had a higher prevalence of female babies, compared with non-rhinitis patients (p = 0.003).Conclusions:Pregnancy rhinitis was significantly more common in women giving birth to female babies. Women with pregnancy rhinitis had a non-significant elevation in oestrogen and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels, compared with those without rhinitis.

scholarly journals Fetal and infant growth and the risk of obesity during early childhood: the Generation R Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis O Mook-Kanamori ◽  
Büşra Durmuş ◽  
Ulla Sovio ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
Hein Raat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third

ObjectiveTo examine whether infant growth rates are influenced by fetal growth characteristics and are associated with the risks of overweight and obesity in early childhood.DesignThis study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life onward.MethodsFetal growth characteristics (femur length (FL) and estimated fetal weight (EFW)) were assessed in the second and third trimesters and at birth (length and weight). Infant peak weight velocity (PWV), peak height velocity (PHV), and body mass index at adiposity peak (BMIAP) were derived for 6267 infants with multiple height and weight measurements.ResultsEFW measured during the second trimester was positively associated with PWV and BMIAP during infancy. Subjects with a smaller weight gain between the third trimester and birth had a higher PWV. FL measured during the second trimester was positively associated with PHV. Gradual length gain between the second and third trimesters and between the third trimester and birth were associated with higher PHV. Compared with infants in the lowest quintile, the infants in the highest quintile of PWV had strongly increased risks of overweight/obesity at the age of 4 years (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 15.01 (9.63, 23.38)).ConclusionFetal growth characteristics strongly influence infant growth rates. A higher PWV, which generally occurs in the first month after birth, was associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity at 4 years of age. Longer follow-up studies are necessary to determine how fetal and infant growth patterns affect the risk of disease in later life.

scholarly journals Serum cystatin is not a marker of glomerular filtration rate in pregnancy

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Bramham ◽  
David Makanjuola ◽  
Wael Hussein ◽  
Debra Cafful ◽  
Hassan Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Serum Cystatin ◽  
In Pregnancy

The role of cystatin C (Cys-C) as a marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in pregnancy is undetermined. Measurements of Cys-C and creatinine (Cr) were taken at 14–17+6, 18–23+6, 27–31+6 weeks' gestation, at delivery and 2–6 weeks postpartum in a prospective observational study of 27 women. There was no difference between Cys-C levels in early and late second trimester, but they were significantly higher in early third trimester ( P < 0.001) than second trimester, despite no concurrent increase in Cr. Cys-C was also significantly higher at delivery than at all other times in pregnancy ( P < 0.001) and fell to postpartum values higher than second trimester measurements ( P < 0.01), but lower than delivery ( P<0.001). In conclusion, changes in Cys-C may be influenced by pregnancy-related changes in glomerular filtration and therefore we would advise against their use as a marker of GFR in pregnancy.

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