Rat placental lactogen-I binds to the choroid plexus and hypothalamus of the pregnant rat

1993 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pihoker ◽  
M. C. Robertson ◽  
M. Freemark
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Ependymal Cells ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
The Third

ABSTRACT Recent findings suggest that placental lactogen has a role in the regulation of hypothalamic function during pregnancy. To explore the mechanisms by which placental hormones may exert effects in the maternal central nervous system, we have examined the binding of rat placental lactogen-I (rPL-I) to brain slices from pregnant rats at mid- and late gestation. The binding of rPL-I to maternal rat brain was compared with that of human GH (hGH). Radiolabelled rPL-I bound specifically to ependymal cells of the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricles and in the roof of the third ventricle. The binding of 125I-labelled rPL-I was inhibited by unlabelled rPL-I, hGH or rat prolactin but not by rat GH, indicating that rPL-I and rat prolactin interact with a common binding site in maternal rat brain. Radiolabelled hGH bound to the choroid plexus and to ependymal cells lining the third ventricle in the region of the arcuate nucleus. In addition, hGH bound specifically to the ventromedial nuclei and to the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus. The binding of radiolabelled hGH to all brain regions was inhibited by unlabelled rPL-I as well as hGH, indicating that rPL-I competes for lactogenic binding sites in the hypothalamus as well as the choroid plexus of the pregnant rat. These findings suggest potential mechanisms by which placental hormones may exert direct effects on the maternal central nervous system during pregnancy. The precise functions and roles of the PL-I binding sites in maternal choroid plexus and hypothalamus remain to be explored. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 139, 235–242

scholarly journals Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma Occurring in the Third Ventricle

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Sanghyeon Kim ◽  
Myongjin Kang ◽  
Sunseob Choi ◽  
Dae Cheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
World Health ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumor ◽  
Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Health Organization

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a rare central nervous system tumor that has been included in the 2007 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Due to its more aggressive behavior, PMA is classified as Grade II neoplasm by the World Health Organization. PMA predominantly affects the hypothalamic/chiasmatic region and occurs in children (mean age of occurrence = 10 months). We report a case of a 24-year-old man who presented with headache, nausea, and vomiting. Brain CT and MRI revealed a mass occupying only the third ventricle. We performed partial resection. Histological findings, including monophasic growth with a myxoid background, and absence of Rosenthal fibers or eosinophilic granular bodies, as well as the strong positivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein were consistent with PMA.

scholarly journals STUDIES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF EXPERIMENTAL DYSENTERY INTOXICATION

1960 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Penner ◽  
Alice Ida Bernheim
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Ventricular System ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

The introduction of Shiga toxin into the ventricular system of the brain with major location in the third ventricle resulted in a response similar to that following the administration of the toxin either intravenously or by cross-circulation. The intravenous administration at the dosage level employed would have elicited no response. These observations lend support to the hypothesis that Shiga toxin activates some mechanisms in the central nervous system which are capable of producing visceral lesions. These mechanisms are those which control the vasomotor components of homeostasis. This hypothesis permits an explanation of the proximo-distal and intramural features of the lesion.

Central site for pressor action of blood-borne angiotensin in rat

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. R358-R361 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Fink ◽  
J. R. Haywood ◽  
W. J. Bryan ◽  
W. Packwood ◽  
M. J. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Central Component ◽  
The Third ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Difference

A previous study demonstrated that the threshold dose of intra-arterial angiotensin II required to induce a pressor response in the rat was significantly lower when the drug was administered into the carotid artery than when administered into the abdominal aorta. This result was interpreted to indicate that part of the increase in arterial pressure produced by low concentrations of blood-borne angiotensin in this species was the result of an effect on structures in the central nervous system selectively accessible via the carotid vascular bed. The purpose of the present study was to establish more precisely the site of the pressor action of angiotensin within the central nervous system. The central component of the pressor effect of angiotensin was quantified as the difference in pressor responses to intracarotid and intra-aortic infusions of angiotensin II (delta c-a). In conscious rats, delta c-a was attenuated by administration of the angiotensin antagonist, saralasin, into the third cerebral ventricle. In rats with chronic electrolytic lesions of the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V), delta c-a was abolished. Periventricular structures surrounding the third ventricle appear to mediate the central component of the pressor action of blood-borne angiotensin in the rat.

scholarly journals The Lactate Receptor HCA1 Is Present in the Choroid Plexus, the Tela Choroidea, and the Neuroepithelial Lining of the Dorsal Part of the Third Ventricle

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Hadzic ◽  
Teresa D. Nguyen ◽  
Makoto Hosoyamada ◽  
Naoko H. Tomioka ◽  
Linda H. Bergersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Ependymal Cells ◽  
Dorsal Part ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tela Choroidea ◽  
Csf Lactate ◽  
Lactate Levels

The volume, composition, and movement of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are important for brain physiology, pathology, and diagnostics. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the main structure that produces CSF, the choroid plexus (CP). Due to the presence of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in the CP, changes in blood and brain lactate levels are reflected in the CSF. A lactate receptor, the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1), is present in the brain, but whether it is located in the CP or in other periventricular structures has not been studied. Here, we investigated the distribution of HCA1 in the cerebral ventricular system using monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP)-HCA1 reporter mice. The reporter signal was only detected in the dorsal part of the third ventricle, where strong mRFP-HCA1 labeling was present in cells of the CP, the tela choroidea, and the neuroepithelial ventricular lining. Co-labeling experiments identified these cells as fibroblasts (in the CP, the tela choroidea, and the ventricle lining) and ependymal cells (in the tela choroidea and the ventricle lining). Our data suggest that the HCA1-containing fibroblasts and ependymal cells have the ability to respond to alterations in CSF lactate in body–brain signaling, but also as a sign of neuropathology (e.g., stroke and Alzheimer’s disease biomarker).

Central neurocytoma: Report of a rare case and literature review

MedPharmRes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Ai Nhan Thi Le ◽  
Quynh Tho Ngoc Le ◽  
Anh Hien Thi Ho ◽  
Anh Thu Phan Dang
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Central Neurocytoma ◽  
Foramen Of Monro ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Central neurocytoma (CN) is an uncommon brain tumor arising primarily in the lateral ventricular near the foramen of Monro and approximately accounting for 0.1-0.5% of all primary tumors of the central nervous system. We report a case of neurocytoma located in the fourth ventricle and extended into the third ventricle. The tumor is composed of uniform round cells with immunohistochemical features of neuronal differentiation. CN is probably a differential diagnosis with oligodendrogliomas and ependymoma. Morphology and immunohistochemical findings associated with clinical and radiological characteristics may support CN diagnosis.

scholarly journals Targeting the Choroid Plexuses for Protein Drug Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 963
Author(s):  
Mark A. Bryniarski ◽  
Tianjing Ren ◽  
Abbas R. Rizvi ◽  
Anthony M. Snyder ◽  
Marilyn E. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Protein Therapeutics ◽  
Ventricular System ◽  
Ependymal Cells ◽  
Choroid Plexuses ◽  
Choroid Plexus Epithelial

Delivery of therapeutic agents to the central nervous system is challenged by the barriers in place to regulate brain homeostasis. This is especially true for protein therapeutics. Targeting the barrier formed by the choroid plexuses at the interfaces of the systemic circulation and ventricular system may be a surrogate brain delivery strategy to circumvent the blood-brain barrier. Heterogenous cell populations located at the choroid plexuses provide diverse functions in regulating the exchange of material within the ventricular space. Receptor-mediated transcytosis may be a promising mechanism to deliver protein therapeutics across the tight junctions formed by choroid plexus epithelial cells. However, cerebrospinal fluid flow and other barriers formed by ependymal cells and perivascular spaces should also be considered for evaluation of protein therapeutic disposition. Various preclinical methods have been applied to delineate protein transport across the choroid plexuses, including imaging strategies, ventriculocisternal perfusions, and primary choroid plexus epithelial cell models. When used in combination with simultaneous measures of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, they can yield important insight into pharmacokinetic properties within the brain. This review aims to provide an overview of the choroid plexuses and ventricular system to address their function as a barrier to pharmaceutical interventions and relevance for central nervous system drug delivery of protein therapeutics. Protein therapeutics targeting the ventricular system may provide new approaches in treating central nervous system diseases.

Endoscopic treatment of thalamic neuroepithelial cysts

2005 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Schmidt ◽  
Caetano Coimbra
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Neuroepithelial Cysts

✓ Thalamic neuroepithelial cysts are rare lesions of the central nervous system. Surgical management of these lesions has varied and yielded mixed results. The authors identified 10 reported cases in the literature, five of which involved symptomatic lesions. The authors present three unique cases of symptomatic thalamic neuroepithelial cysts associated with hydrocephalus, which were all successfully treated using endoscopic third ventriculostomy and fenestration of the cyst into the third ventricle.

Development of radioimmunoassayable β-endorphin and methionine-enkephalin binding sites in regions of rat brain

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 947-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tsang ◽  
S. C. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Region ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Methionine Enkephalin ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Close Interrelationship

The development profiles of [3H]methionine-enkephalin ([3H]Met-enk) binding sites and radioimmunoassayable (RIA) β-endorphin in regions of rat brain were determined. The amount [3H]Met-enk bound reached its maximum in the 1st week after birth in the cerebellum, in the brainstem at the 2nd week, and in the whole forebrain at the 3rd week, that of RIA β-endorphin reached its highest level at day 2 postpartum (p.p.) in the cerebellum, at days 7–15 p.p. in the whole forebrain, and at days 17–21 p.p. in the brainstem. These findings suggest that both the development of RIA β-endorphin and [3H]Met-enk sites in rat brain follow a caudal to rostral sequence. Also, the close interrelationship between the elevation and decline in the amount of [3H]Met-enk bound and RIA β-endorphin levels in each brain region suggests that these two components are important entities of the central nervous system.

GABAA receptors: Various stoichiometrics of subunit arrangement in α1β3 and α1β3ε receptors

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 1839-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Tarmizi Che Has ◽  
Mary Chebib
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Gabaa Receptors ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Receptor Complex ◽  
The Third ◽  
Γ Subunit ◽  
Subunit Stoichiometry ◽  
The Central Nervous System

GABAA receptors are members of the Cys-loop family of ligand-gated ion channels which mediate most inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. These receptors are pentameric assemblies of individual subunits, including α1-6, β1-3, γ1-3, δ, ε, π, θ and ρ1-3. The majority of receptors are comprised of α, β and γ or δ subunits. Depending on the subunit composition, the receptors are located in either the synapses or extrasynaptic regions. The most abundant receptors are α1βγ2 receptors, which are activated and modulated by a variety of pharmacologically and clinically unrelated agents such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, anaesthetics and neurosteroids, all of which bind at distinct binding sites located within the receptor complex. However, compared to αβγ, the binary αβ receptors lack a benzodiazepine α-γ2 interface. In pentameric αβ receptors, the third subunit is replaced with either an α1 or a β3 subunit leading to two distinct receptors that differ in subunit stoichiometry, 2α:3β or 3α:2β. The consequence of this is that 3α:2β receptors contain an α-α interface whereas 2α:3β receptors contain a β-β interface. Apart from the replacement of γ by α1 or β3 in binary receptors, the incorporation of ε subunit into GABAA receptors might be more complicated. As the ε subunit is not only capable of substituting the γ subunit, but also replacing the α/β subunits, receptors with altered stoichiometry and different pharmacological properties are produced. The different subunit arrangement of the receptors potentially constructs novel binding sites which may become new targets of the current or new drugs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document