scholarly journals Effects of peripheral sympathetic denervation induced by guanethidine administration on the mechanisms regulating puberty in the female guinea pig

1998 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Riboni ◽  
C Escamilla ◽  
R Chavira ◽  
R Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Sympathetic Denervation ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Late Follicular Phase

The effects of peripheral sympathetic denervation induced by guanethidine administration to newborn and 10-day-old female guinea pigs on puberty, ovulation and the follicular population were analysed. Peripheral sympathetic denervation beginning at birth resulted in the loss of ovarian norepinephrine content (0.95. +/- 0.1 ng/mg wet tissue in untreated control animals vs non detectable in treated animals). Guanethidine administration to newborn or 10-day-old guinea pigs advanced puberty (age of vaginal opening: 27 +/- 1.2 days (newborn), 26 +/- 1.7 (10-day-old) vs 37 +/- 0.7 (control), P < 0.001) and ovulation. The number of corpora lutea in control and denervated animals was similar (3.5 +/- 0.2 vs 3.3 +/- 0.3). The relative weight (mg/100 g body weight) of the ovaries and adrenals in the denervated animals autopsied during the late follicular phase (24-48 h after vaginal opening) increased (ovaries: 27.8 +/- 1.3, 28.9 +/- 3.0 vs 20.9 +/- 0.8, P < 0.05; adrenals 36.4 +/- 1.4, 37.0 +/- 0.8 vs 31.6 +/- 1.5, P < 0.05), while the uterine weight diminished (179 +/- 13, 149 +/- 28 vs 292 +/- 20). When the animals were killed during the late luteal phase (9-11 days after vaginal closure), the relative weight of the ovaries of newborn guanethidine-treated animals was higher than that of the control animals (21.4 +/- 1.7 vs 16.8 +/- 1.4, P < 0.05). The mean number of follicles counted in the ovaries of denervated animals was significantly higher than in control animals (1736 +/- 230 vs 969 +/- 147, P < 0.05). The mean diameter of the follicles in the untouched control ovary in animals killed in the late follicular phase was significantly larger than from animals killed in the late luteal phase (263 +/- 3.9 microns vs 248 +/- 3.0 microns, P < 0.01). The mean diameter of the follicles measured in the ovaries of denervated animals was significantly higher than in controls (animals treated from birth 274 +/- 2.0 microns vs 255 +/- 2.4, P < 0.05; animals treated from day 10, 286 +/- 2.3 microns vs 257 +/- 2.3, P < 0.05). When the mean diameter of the follicles in the left and right ovary of the untouched control was analysed, the follicular diameter in the left ovary was significantly larger than in the right ovary (309 +/- 6.0 microns vs 214 +/- 3.9, P < 0.01); the response of the left and right ovaries to sympathetic denervation was the opposite. The results obtained in the present study suggest that ovarian innervation plays a role in the regulation of follicular growth, maturation and atresia which is not related to changes in steroid secretion by the ovary, but to other regulatory mechanisms.

THE SEQUENCE OF PITUITARY RESPONSES TO SYNTHETIC LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE (LH-RH) THROUGHOUT THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elwyn M. Grimes ◽  
Irwin E. Thompson ◽  
Melvin L. Taymor
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Late Follicular Phase

ABSTRACT Thirty-one ovulatory women between 20 and 33 years of age were given 150 μg of synthetic LH-RH during different phases of the menstrual cycle. Five patients were studied during the early follicular phase (days 4–7); 10 patients during the late follicular phase (days 9–12); 6 patients during the "LH Surge"; 5 patients during the early luteal phase (days 14–16); 3 patients during mid-luteal phase (days 17–21); and 2 patients during late luteal phase (days 22–27). Oestrogen, progesterone, FSH and LH levels were determined from 30 min prior to LH-RH administration to 90 min thereafter in all cases. LH response to LH-RH increased progressively during the follicular phase. Enhanced pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH occurred at mid-cycle for both LH and FSH and maximum LH responses occurred during the "LH Surge" and early luteal phase. LH responses during the mid and late luteal phases were similar to late follicular phase responses. There were no significant differences between FSH responses during the early follicular, late follicular, mid-luteal and late luteal phases. Maximum pituitary responsiveness appears to occur in a gonadal steroid milieu of high oestrogen levels in association with rising but low progesterone levels. Progesterone or a crucial oestrogen: progesterone ratio may in fact potentiate pituitary release of LH during the early stages of corpus luteum formation. Pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH correlates positively with basal LH and oestrogen levels during the menstrual cycle and with the oestrogen:progesterone ratio during the luteal phase.

Reproductive biology of captive southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons). Part 1: oestrous cycle characterisation

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyce M. Swinbourne ◽  
Stephen D. Johnston ◽  
Tina Janssen ◽  
Alan Lisle ◽  
Tamara Keeley
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Late Follicular Phase

Southern hairy-nosed wombats (SHNWs: Lasiorhinus latifrons) do not breed well in captivity. To better understand their reproduction, daily urine samples were collected from nine captive females and analysed for volume (mL), specific gravity and a qualitative index of the number of epithelial cells, then stored at −20°C until samples could be analysed for progesterone metabolites (P4M). The mean oestrous cycle length was 35.1 ± 2.4 days; however, individual cycle length ranged from 23 to 47 days. The mean luteal phase length was 20.8 ± 1.3 days (range: 12 to 33 days). Urinary P4M was divided into four oestrous cycle stages: (1) early follicular phase, (2) late follicular phase, (3) early luteal phase, (4) late luteal phase, and analysed against urinary characteristics. During the late follicular phase, urine volume decreased (P = 0.002) while urine specific gravity (P = 0.001) and concentration of epithelial cells (P = 0.004) both increased. The level of variability in oestrous cycle length suggests that some captive females may exhibit abnormal cycles; however, the changes in the urinary characteristics associated with the different stages of the oestrous cycle appear to offer a possible non-invasive means of monitoring the reproductive status of captive SHNWs.

scholarly journals Prostate-specific antigen in serum during the menstrual cycle

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1862-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nosratollah Zarghami ◽  
Linda Grass ◽  
Edward R Sauter ◽  
Eleftherios P Diamandis
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Breast Carcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Late Follicular Phase

Abstract We previously found that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression in the female breast is regulated by steroid hormones and their receptors. We have now examined whether the PSA concentration in serum changes during the menstrual cycle of healthy women. Among 14 women studied, 3 had serum PSA ≥4 ng/L; their changes in PSA content during the menstrual cycle were studied in 7 informative cycles. We found that PSA concentrations in serum are highest during the mid- to late follicular phase, drop continuously with a half-life of 3–5 days between the late follicular phase and midcycle, and reach a minimum during the mid- to late luteal phase. PSA changes do not correlate with changes in lutropin (LH), follitropin (FSH), or estradiol concentrations. However, PSA peaks seem to follow the progesterone concentration peaks, with a delay of 10–12 days. Sera of some volunteers were tested for their ability to upregulate PSA protein and PSA mRNA in a tissue culture system based on the T-47D breast carcinoma cell line. Only sera obtained during the mid- to late luteal phase were able to upregulate the PSA mRNA and protein. In stimulation experiments in vitro, progesterone, but not LH, FSH, estradiol, human chorionic gonadotropin, prolactin, or growth hormone, was able to upregulate PSA mRNA and protein in the T-47D cell line. These data suggest that PSA is produced in a cyclical manner during the menstrual cycle.

scholarly journals Injury Incidence Across the Menstrual Cycle in International Footballers

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Martin ◽  
Kate Timmins ◽  
Charlotte Cowie ◽  
Jon Alty ◽  
Ritan Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Tendon Injuries ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Late Follicular Phase

Objectives: This study aimed to assess how menstrual cycle phase and extended menstrual cycle length influence the incidence of injuries in international footballers.Methods: Over a 4-year period, injuries from England international footballers at training camps or matches were recorded, alongside self-reported information on menstrual cycle characteristics at the point of injury. Injuries in eumenorrheic players were categorized into early follicular, late follicular, or luteal phase. Frequencies were also compared between injuries recorded during the typical cycle and those that occurred after the cycle would be expected to have finished. Injury incidence rates (per 1,000 person days) and injury incidence rate ratios were calculated for each phase for all injuries and injuries stratified by type.Results: One hundred fifty-six injuries from 113 players were eligible for analysis. Injury incidence rates per 1,000 person-days were 31.9 in the follicular, 46.8 in the late follicular, and 35.4 in the luteal phase, resulting in injury incidence rate ratios of 1.47 (Late follicular:Follicular), 1.11 (Luteal:Follicular), and 0.76 (Luteal:Late follicular). Injury incident rate ratios showed that muscle and tendon injury rates were 88% greater in the late follicular phase compared to the follicular phase, with muscle rupture/tear/strain/cramps and tendon injuries/ruptures occurring over twice as often during the late follicular phase compared to other phases 20% of injuries were reported as occurring when athletes were “overdue” menses.Conclusion: Muscle and tendon injuries occurred almost twice as often in the late follicular phase compared to the early follicular or luteal phase. Injury risk may be elevated in typically eumenorrheic women in the days after their next menstruation was expected to start.

Concentrations of total and free dehydroepiandrosterone in plasma and dehydroepiandrosterone in saliva of normal and hirsute women under basal conditions and during administration of dexamethasone/synthetic corticotropin

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 2042-2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
L M Swinkels ◽  
H A Ross ◽  
A G Smals ◽  
T J Benraad
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Using a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay involving extraction with diethyl ether and chromatographic separation of steroids, we measured concentrations of salivary and plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in 22 women with normal ovulatory cycles (ages 18-45 years). Salivary DHEA values closely correlated with total and free DHEA in plasma. In the follicular phase the mean concentrations of salivary and plasma free DHEA were virtually equal [mean (SD): 0.61 (0.32) and 0.56 (0.34) nmol/L, respectively]. In the luteal phase, salivary DHEA slightly exceeded the plasma free DHEA [0.68 (0.40) vs 0.56 (0.38) nmol/L, P less than 0.01]. Also, during combined dexamethasone/synthetic corticotropin administration in 25 patients with androgenizing disorders and in 10 normal subjects (each in the follicular and luteal phases), the concentration of DHEA in saliva strongly correlated with total and free DHEA in plasma. During these dynamic tests, the mean concentrations of free DHEA in plasma and salivary DHEA in the hirsute women were significantly higher than the mean concentrations in the control women at all times before and after corticotropin infusion (P less than 0.05- less than 0.0001). In contrast, plasma total DHEA in patients exceeded nonhirsute values only at 15 min after corticotropin administration. In six of 25 patients total DHEA during combined administration of dexamethasone/synthetic corticotropin exceeded normal values by at least 2 SD. The response of salivary and free DHEA to synthetic corticotropin in this subgroup was also excessive.

PROGESTERONE-INDUCED AUGMENTATION OF PITUITARY GONADOTROPHIN RESPONSES TO LUTEINIZING HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE IN OESTROGEN-PRE-TREATED AMENORRHOEIC WOMEN

1976 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Johan Nillius ◽  
Leif Wide
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Reserve Capacity ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Late Follicular Phase

ABSTRACT Modulating effects of oestradiol-17β and progesterone on the pituitary responsiveness to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) were investigated in 12 women with functional amenorrhoea. The pituitary reserve capacity for gonadotrophin section was investigated with repeated intravenous LRH tests before and after administration of oestradiol-1β followed by either progesterone or saline. Intramuscular injection of 1 mg of oestradiol-17β benzoate resulted in a suppression of both the basal gonadotrophin levels in serum and the gonadotrophin responses to LRH 24 h later. Progesterone, 25 mg im, was then administered in eleven experiments. Six h later, when the mean serum progesterone level had increased to levels similar to those seen in the early post-ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle, there was a marked augmentation of the pituitary capacity to release both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in response to LRH. This was not found in eight experiments where saline was given instead of progesterone after oestrogen pretreatment. These findings suggest that the greatly increased pituitary sensitivity to LRH at midcycle may be caused not only by the oestradiol increase in blood during the late follicular phase but also in part by the small pre-ovulatory rise of progesterone during the mid-cyclic LH peak. Furthermore, they add further support to the hypothesis that progesterone as well as oestradiol is involved in the induction of the LH peak at midcycle. Progesterone may be of importance to secure the release of enough LH for ovulation and normal corpus luteum formation to occur.

Is 5HT1A Receptor Subsensitivity a Trait Marker for Late Luteal Phase Dysphoric Disorder? A Pilot Study

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 662-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi N. Yatham
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
5Ht1a Receptor ◽  
Trait Marker ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
State Marker

Prolactin responses to buspirone challenges were examined in seven women with late luteal phase dysphoric disorder and the same number of healthy controls. The responses were found to be blunted during the follicular phase in the women with LLPDD suggesting that 5-HT1A receptor subsensitivity is perhaps a trait rather than a state marker for LLPDD.

EFFECT OF POST-OVULATORY ADMINISTERED OESTROGENS ON CORPUS LUTEUM FUNCTION

1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lehmann ◽  
I. Just-Nastansky ◽  
B. Behrendt ◽  
P.-J. Czygan ◽  
G. Bettendorf
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
The Third ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Fourth Cycle ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT The effect of orally given diethylstilboestroldiphosphate (DES) and 17α-ethinyl-oestradiol-3-methylether (EEM) on plasma progesterone levels was studied. Both compounds were administered for 5 days to 5 women in daily doses of 60 mg (DES) and 30 mg (EEM). The fully informed volunteers were found to have a normal menstrual cycle before the study. The mean corpus luteum phase (corpus luteum phase = days between LH surge and onset of menstruation) of all control cycles lasted 12.8 days. Daily plasma samples were collected for radioimmunoassay (RIA) of progesterone, immunoreactive oestrogens and LH. After a control cycle the first treatment was carried out with DES. The third and the fifth cycle were control cycles again. The EEM-treatment was done in the fourth cycle. Although the effect of the two compounds was different, a dependence of the age of the corpus luteum (CL) could be demonstrated for both. DES-treatment lowered plasma progesterone levels during administration. This effect was only demonstrable if the treatment was begun on the day of the LH-peak. The length of the CL-phase remained unaltered. EEM-treatment if started on the day of the LH surge, suppressed corpus luteum function in the late luteal phase. If the treatment was started later, the effect was less pronounced. The administration of both compounds did not shorten the time between ovulation and the next bleeding. After DES-treatment this interval was not altered. After EEM-treatment the subsequent bleeding was even delayed depending on slowly decreasing levels of plasma oestrogens.

PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF OESTRADIOL-17β IN PREMATURE THELARCHE AND IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF SEXUAL PRECOCITY

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Eugenia Escobar ◽  
Marco A. Rivarola ◽  
César Bergadá
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Granulosa Cell Tumour ◽  
Premature Thelarche ◽  
Sexual Precocity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prepubertal Girls ◽  
Normal Controls

ABSTRACT Plasma Oe2 concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay in patients with premature thelarche, with precocious puberty and in 29 normal controls. The mean plasma Oe2 was 1.5 pg/ml (0–7.2) in normal prepubertal girls, 23.8 ± 17.8 (sd) in pubertal girls, 50.2 (± 19.4) in the follicular phase, and 94.2 (± 19.5) in the luteal phase of normal adult females. Ten girls with premature thelarche had a mean of 7.7 ± 6.6 pg/ml. Three of them showed higher values than the other 7, suggesting that in these cases, elevated levels of plasma Oe2 might have played a role in the development of breast tissue. Ten untreated girls with idiopathic precocious sexual development had a mean of 51.6 ± 42.9 pg/ml while 6 patients treated with 150 mg per week of medroxyprogesterone acetate had a mean of 11.4 ± 2.5 pg/ml. Two patients with Down's syndrome, hypothyroidism and sexual precocity had plasma Oe2 of 144 and 31.5 which fell to 24.7 and 8 pg/ml, respectively, after thyroid replacement. One girl with a granulosa cell tumour had a basal value of 304 pg/ml and a concentration of 27 pg/ml after surgery.

scholarly journals There is a cycle to cycle variation in ovarian response and pre-hCG serum progesterone level: an analysis of 244 consecutive IVF cycles

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sule Yildiz ◽  
Kayhan Yakin ◽  
Baris Ata ◽  
Ozgur Oktem
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Stimulation Protocol ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Previous Cycle ◽  
Subsequent Cycle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Late Follicular Phase ◽  
Long Protocol

Abstract We aimed to answer one key question, that was not previously addressed as to whether serum progesterone (P4-hCG day) and its co-variates (estradiol (E2-hCG day) and the number of retrieved oocytes) of a given cycle can be predictive of the subsequent cycle when both cycles are consecutive and comparable for the stimulation protocol, gonadotropin dose and duration of stimulation. We analyzed such 244 consecutive (< 6 months) IVF cycles in 122 patients with GnRH agonist long protocol and found that P4, E2 and the number of retrieved oocytes significantly vary between the two cycles. Although P4 increased (ranging from 4.7 to 266.7%) in the 2nd cycle in 61 patients, E2 and the number of retrieved oocytes, which are normally positively correlated with P4 paradoxically decreased in the 41% and 37.7% respectively, of these same 61 patients. When a similar analysis was done in the 54 out of 122 patients (44.3%) in whom serum P4 was decreased in the 2nd cycle, the mean decrease in P4 was − 34.1 ± 23.3% ranging from − 5.26 to − 90.1%. E2 and the number of retrieved oocytes paradoxically increased in the 42.3% and 40.7% of these 54 patients respectively. P4 remained the same only in the 7 (5.7%) of these 122 patients. These findings indicate that late follicular phase serum P4 may change unpredictably in the subsequent IVF cycle. The changes are not always necessarily proportional with ovarian response of previous cycle suggesting that growth characteristics and steroidogenic activities of antral cohorts may exhibit considerable cycle to cycle variations.

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