scholarly journals Effects of relaxin, pregnancy and parturition on collagen metabolism in the rat pubic symphysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Samuel ◽  
JP Coghlan ◽  
JF Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Pubic Symphysis ◽  
Collagen Metabolism ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Sds Page

The aim of this study was to examine the changes in collagen metabolism that occur during pregnancy and parturition and upon relaxin administration to the rat pubic symphysial interpubic tissue. Pubic symphyses were collected from non-pregnant, and intact and ovariectomised pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at days 15, 18 and 21 of pregnancy as well as during and after delivery, and analysed for collagen content and solubility. SDS-PAGE was used to determine collagen composition. During pregnancy and particularly during birth, there was a significant reduction in both the tissue wet (57+/-3%) and dry (43+/-3%) weight (n=7), which coincided with a significant increase in water content (to 80%) and was attributed to a significant (P<0.05) reduction in overall tissue collagen content (by 47+/-2%). This resulted in both soluble (10%) and insoluble (90%) collagen levels being reduced, but gel electrophoresis demonstrated the presence of types I, II and V collagen in all samples. Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of type II collagen throughout pregnancy, confirming that the rat pubic symphysis remained a fibrocartilaginous tissue throughout gestation. In the absence of the ovaries and hence relaxin, tissue collagen content and solubility were not significantly different from control measurements. However, tissues of ovariectomised animals treated with oestrogen and progesterone (pellets) and relaxin (injection) contained collagen levels that mimicked those of late pregnancy and parturition. These results suggest that relaxin plays an important role in regulating collagen catabolism during gestation in the rat.

scholarly journals Interaction between proteoglycan subunit and type II collagen from bovine nasal cartilage, and the preferential binding of proteoglycan subunit to type I collagen

1976 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Lee-Own ◽  
J C Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Nasal Cartilage ◽  
Preferential Binding ◽  
Calf Skin

We studied the interaction of proteoglycan subunit with both types I and II collagen. All three molecular species were isolated from the ox. Type II collagen, prepared from papain-digested bovine nasal cartilage, was characterized by gel electrophoresis, amino acid analysis and CM-cellulose chromatography. By comparison of type I collagen, prepared from papain-digested calf skin, with native calf skin acid-soluble tropocollagen, we concluded that the papain treatment left the collagen molecules intact. Interactions were carried out at 4 degrees C in 0.06 M-sodium acetate, pH 4.8, and the results were studied by two slightly different methods involving CM-cellulose chromatography and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. It was demonstrated that proteoglycan subunit, from bovine nasal cartilage, bound to cartilage collagen. Competitive-interaction experiments showed that, in the presence of equal amounts of calf skin acid-soluble tropocollagen (type I) and bovine nasal cartilage collagen (type II), proteoglycan subunit bound preferentially to the type I collagen. We suggest from these results that, although not measured under physiological conditions, it is unlikely that the binding in vivo between type II collagen and proteoglycan is appreciably stronger than that between type I collagen and proteoglycan.

scholarly journals Changes in Gastric Smooth Muscle Cell Contraction during Pregnancy: Effect of Estrogen

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Othman A. Al-Shboul ◽  
Hanan J. Al-Rshoud ◽  
Ahmed N. Al-Dwairi ◽  
Mohammad A. Alqudah ◽  
Mahmoud A. Alfaqih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Gastric Smooth Muscle ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor

It is well known that pregnancy is associated with frequent gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and symptoms. Moreover, previous reports have shown that estrogen, which changes in levels during pregnancy, participates in the regulation of GI motility and is involved in the pathogenesis of various functional disorders in the stomach. The aim of the current study was to explore the changes in the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and examine the effect of estrogen on nitric oxide- (NO-) cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway and thus relaxation in gastric smooth muscle cells (GSMC) during pregnancy. Single GSMC from early-pregnant and late-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Protein and mRNA expression levels of ERs were measured via specifically designed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. NO and cGMP levels were measured via specifically designed ELISA kits. Effect of estrogen on acetylcholine- (ACh-) induced contraction of single GSMC was measured via scanning micrometry in the presence or absence of the NO synthase inhibitor,N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), or guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3,-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). Estrogen increased both NO and cGMP levels and their levels were greater in early compared to late pregnancy. Expression of ERs was greater in early compared to late pregnancy. ACh induced greater contraction of GSMC in late pregnancy compared to early pregnancy. Estrogen inhibited ACh-induced contraction in both periods of pregnancy. Importantly, pretreatment of GSMC with either L-NNA or ODQ abolished estrogen inhibitory action on muscle contraction. In conclusion, GSMC contractile behavior undergoes drastic changes in response to estrogen during pregnancy and this might explain some of the pregnancy-associated gastric disorders.

scholarly journals Norepinephrine Inhibits Synovial Adipose Stem Cell Chondrogenesis via α2a-Adrenoceptor-Mediated ERK1/2 Activation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima El Bagdadi ◽  
Frank Zaucke ◽  
Andrea Meurer ◽  
Rainer H. Straub ◽  
Zsuzsa Jenei-Lanzl
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Adipose Stem Cell ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan ◽  
Resident Stem Cells

In recent years, first evidences emerged that sympathetic neurotransmitters influence osteoarthritis (OA) manifestation. Joint-resident stem cells might contribute to cartilage repair, however, their chondrogenic function is reduced. The neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) was detected in the synovial fluid of trauma and OA patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse how NE influences the chondrogenesis of synovial adipose tissue-derived stem cells (sASCs). sASCs were isolated from knee-OA patients synovia. After adrenoceptor (AR) expression analysis, proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation in presence of NE and/or α- and β-AR antagonist were investigated. Cell count, viability, chondrogenic and hypertophic gene expression, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and type II collagen content were determined. Key AR-dependent signaling (ERK1/2, PKA) was analyzed via western blot. sASC expressed α1A-, α1B-, α2A-, α2B-, α2C-, and β2-AR in monolayer and pellet culture. NE did not affect proliferation and viability, but 10−7 and 10−6 M NE significantly reduced sGAG and type II collagen content as well as ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These effects were fully reversed by yohimbine (α2-AR antagonist). Our study confirms the important role of NE in sASC chondrogenic function and provides new insights in OA pathophysiology. Future studies might help to develop novel therapeutic options targeting neuroendocrine pathways for OA treatment.

scholarly journals The Extract of Fructus Psoraleae Promotes Viability and Cartilaginous Formation of Rat Chondrocytes In Vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xin Pan ◽  
Kang Xu ◽  
Xuefeng Qiu ◽  
Wen Zhao ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Cell Aggregation ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Expression Levels

This study aimed to investigate the extract components of FP on rat chondrocyte function and cartilaginous formation in vitro. Petroleum ether extract (P-e) of FP extract components was selected to treat Sprague-Dawley rat chondrocytes. Cell viability was tested with different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/mL) of P-e treatment. Concentrations of 0.1 and 1 μg/mL P-e conditioned culture mediums were used for treating chondrocytes in experiments. Cell proliferation was measured via DNA incorporation assay. Type II collagen, aggrecan, and Sox-9 genes expression levels were measured with RT-PCR. Additionally, cartilaginous formation was analyzed with type II collagen immunofluorescence, H&E, and alcian blue staining. Concentrations of 0.1 and 1 μg/mL P-e showed low cytotoxicity and demonstrated stimulatory effects on chondrocyte proliferation in early stages. Following 6 days of P-e culture, aggrecan and Sox-9 gene expression levels of the 1 μg/mL P-e group were upregulated by 1.82- (p<0.05) and 2.06-fold (p<0.05), respectively, versus controls. Moreover, 1 μg/mL P-e significantly stimulated cell aggregation and type II collagen deposits after 1 week of treatment. Noteworthy, tight cartilaginous structures formed in the 10-day 1 μg/mL P-e conditioned culture. These findings suggest that P-e has the potential to treat cartilage degeneration induced by chondrocyte failure.

EFFECT OF PERINATAL HYPOTHYROIDISM ON PITUITARY SECRETION OF GROWTH HORMONE AND PROLACTIN IN RATS

1974 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAKAE KIKUYAMA ◽  
HIROSHI NAGASAWA ◽  
REIKO YANAI ◽  
KOREHITO YAMANOUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Pituitary Secretion ◽  
Prolactin Content

SUMMARY Female Sprague—Dawley rats were fed 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in their diet during late pregnancy and lactation. The growth and gonadal development of their pups were inhibited and in females the day of vaginal opening and onset of oestrous cycles were delayed; thyroid glands were hypertrophied. Treatment of the pups with thyroxine largely reversed these changes. The effect on body weight persisted even after treatment with PTU had stopped. At 20 days of age, the anterior pituitary glands of the pups of PTU-treated mothers contained significantly less growth hormone (GH) and prolactin than those of normal pups of both sexes. These changes persisted at 60 days of age. If the pups of PTU-treated mothers were given thyroxine from day 1 to day 20 of age, pituitary GH and prolactin content on day 20 had returned towards normal values. Thyroid deficiency was found to suppress the synthesis and release of prolactin and the synthesis of GH by the pituitary in vitro. These findings suggest that thyroxine influenced the maturation of the pituitary directly and/or through the hypothalamus and that thyroxine deficiency in early life brought about persistent alteration of the pituitary secretion of GH and prolactin.

Adaptive changes of mesenteric arteries in pregnancy: a meta-analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (6) ◽  
pp. H639-H657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris van Drongelen ◽  
Carlijn R. Hooijmans ◽  
Frederik K. Lotgering ◽  
Paul Smits ◽  
Marc E. A. Spaanderman
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Receptor Level ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Flow Mediated Vasodilation

The vascular response to pregnancy has been frequently studied in mesenteric artery models by investigating endothelial cell (EC)- and smooth muscle cell (SMC)-dependent responses to mechanical (flow-mediated vasodilation, myogenic reactivity, and vascular compliance) and pharmacological stimuli (G protein-coupled receptor responses: GqEC, GsSMC, GqSMC). It is unclear to what extent these pathways contribute to normal pregnancy-induced vasodilation across species, strains, and/or gestational age and at which receptor level pregnancy affects the pathways. We performed a meta-analysis on responses to mechanical and pharmacological stimuli associated with pregnancy-induced vasodilation of mesenteric arteries and included 55 (188 responses) out of 398 studies. Most included studies (84%) were performed in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats (SDRs) and compared late gestation versus nonpregnant controls (80%). Pregnancy promotes flow-mediated vasodilation in all investigated species. Only in SDRs, pregnancy additionally stimulates both vasodilator GqEC sensitivity (EC50 reduced by −0.76 [−0.92, −0.60] log[M]) and GsSMC sensitivity (EC50 reduced by −0.51 [−0.82, −0.20] log[M]), depresses vasopressor GqSMC sensitivity (EC50 increase in SDRs by 0.23 [0.16, 0.31] log[M]), and enhances arterial compliance. We conclude that 1) pregnancy facilitates flow-mediated vasodilation at term among all investigated species, and the contribution of additional vascular responses is species and strain specific, and 2) late pregnancy mediates vasodilation through changes at the receptor level for the substances tested. The initial steps of vasodilation in early pregnancy remain to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Markers of Type II Collagen Metabolism and Tibiofemoral Joint Space Width Changes After ACL Injury and Reconstruction

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy W. Tourville ◽  
Robert J. Johnson ◽  
James R. Slauterbeck ◽  
Shelly Naud ◽  
Bruce D. Beynnon
Keyword(s):  
Joint Space Width ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Collagen Metabolism ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tibiofemoral Joint ◽  
Space Width
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