scholarly journals Delayed first cycle in intrauterine growth-retarded and postnatally undernourished female rats: follicular growth and ovulation after stimulation with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin at first cycle

2002 ◽  
Vol 173 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Engelbregt ◽  
MM van Weissenbruch ◽  
C Popp-Snijders ◽  
HA Delemarre-van de Waal
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin

In the present study we examined the consequences of intrauterine growth retardation and postnatal food restriction on the maturational process of sexual development by studying onset of first cycle. In addition, we investigated the effect of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on ovarian growth and ovulation in intrauterine growth-retarded (IUGR) and postnatally food-restricted (PFR) rats. Intrauterine growth retardation was induced by uterine artery ligation on day 17 of gestation and food restriction was achieved by enlarging the litter to 20 pups per mother from day 2 after birth until weaning (day 24). In control rats, vaginal opening and the first cycle took place on the same day. In IUGR rats, uncoupling occurred between vaginal opening and the first cycle. Vaginal opening was delayed (P<0.05) and the first cycle was even further delayed (P<0.01) compared with controls. Body weight in IUGR rats was lower (P<0.05) at vaginal opening, but at first cycle and after stimulation with 50 IU PMSG in the first cycle it was similar to that in controls. In the ovaries of IUGR rats, the numbers of primordial (P<0.05), growing (P<0.01) and antral follicles (P<0.01), and the total number of follicles (P<0.01) were lower than in controls after stimulation with 50 IU PMSG at first cycle. The number of corpora lutea in the ovaries of the IUGR rats and the controls was similar and reflected superovulation. In the PFR rats, vaginal opening occurred at the same time as in control rats, but at a lower body weight (P<0.01). First cycle was much delayed (P<0.01), by which time body weight was greater (P<0.01) than that of controls at first cycle. On the basis of the differences in weight and age between PFR rats and controls at first cycle, we performed two studies. In study A, ovaries were analysed histologically 42 h after stimulation with PMSG at first cycle of control rats and age-matched PFR rats. In study B, the ovaries of PFR rats at first cycle and age-matched control rats were examined 42 h after PMSG stimulation. In the ovaries of the PFR rats in study A, a greater total number of follicles (P<0.05) was observed, represented by a greater number of primordial follicles (P<0.01) and a lower number of antral follicles (P<0.05), including corpora lutea. The number of corpora lutea in the ovaries of the PFR rats was significantly lower than that in controls (P<0.01). The total number of follicles in the ovaries of the PFR rats of study B did not differ from the age-matched controls after PMSG stimulation at first cycle, and neither did the number of the follicles in the different classes. We conclude that, in IUGR rats at first cycle, PMSG can induce multiple follicular growth and development followed by superovulation comparable to that in controls, despite a decreased total number of follicles in the ovaries. However, in PFR rats of the same age, the ovary is not capable of responding adequately to PMSG, despite a greater total number of follicles. Stimulation with PMSG at first cycle resulted in follicular growth and superovulation comparable to those in age-matched controls. Undernutrition in different critical time periods around birth in the rat leads to ovarian development in such a way that, in both groups, an increased risk of reduced reproductive capacity can be expected.

scholarly journals Aluminium induced Intrauterine Growth Retardation - an experimental study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoona Nasim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Aluminum Sulphate ◽  
Pregnant Mice

Present study was carried out to determine the effect of aluminum containing antacid on the intrauterine growth and development of fetus. The duration of exposure was also correlated with the effects on fetal morphology and their weights. Seventy-two pregnant mice were given a daily i.e., dose of 0.7mg/100g of aluminum sulphate for various periods according to the grouping of experimental design. This dose was equivalent to maximum therapeutic dose of aluminum salt for a 70 kg man i.e. 5000mg aluminum/day. Fetal examination was performed on day 20 of gestation. The number of live and dead fetuses in the treated animals was not significantly different from the control groups. Therefore embryo lethality of aluminum cannot be induced. However there was a decrease in fetal body weight that was directly related to the duration of exposure to aluminum sulphate solution. Dissecting microscopic examination showed, the development was arrested in the groups exposed to drugs for longer periods. These results revealed that aluminum is a type of heavy metal, which is teratogenic for mammals even in doses, which are nontoxic for adults.

scholarly journals Morphofunctional features of platelets in premature newborns with very low and extremely low body weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Anastasia V. Budalova ◽  
Natalia V. Kharlamova ◽  
Galina N. Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Premature Newborns ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Background. Currently, the development of medicine in the field of perinatology is aimed at improving the quality of medical care for newborns, especially those born prematurely. Premature newborns are most likely to develop hemorrhagic disorders, which often aggravates their condition and determines high morbidity and mortality. On modern hematological analyzers, it has become possible to evaluate a larger number of blood parameters, including platelet parameters, however, there are a small number of studies devoted to the study of platelet parameters in premature newborns. The aim was to study the morphofunctional features of platelets in premature newborns with very low and extremely low body weight. Materials and methods. The study included 78 newborns born at 2534 weeks of gestation, with a body weight of less than 1500 grams. On the 3rd5th day of life, a clinical blood test was performed on the Advia 2120i hematological analyzer (Siemens), with the determination of platelet parameters: PLT, 103 cells/l, PCT, %, PDW, %, Large Plt, 103 cells/l, MPC, g/dl, MRM, pg. Results. In newborns with ELBW, a decrease in the number and granularity of platelets in the blood, an increase in the average dry mass of platelets was found. Newborns with intrauterine growth retardation have a reduced platelet count and reduced thrombocrit. In premature newborns with a gestational age of 2527 weeks, blood circulation of platelets with a reduced volume was established, and in newborns who were born at a gestational age of 3234 weeks with increased granularity. In the absence of antenatal prevention of respiratory distress syndrome in newborns, there is a decrease in thrombocrit, the number of platelets, including large forms in the blood. In premature newborns born in a state of severe asphyxia, a decrease in platelet granularity was noted. The use of high concentrations of O2 in the oxygen-air mixture during respiratory therapy leads to a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood. Conclusions. Factors determining the morphofunctional state of platelets in premature newborns were established: the presence of a full course of antenatal prevention of respiratory distress syndrome of newborns, gestational age, the severity of asphyxia at birth, as well as the concentration of O2 in the oxygen-air mixture used in respiratory therapy. Newborns with ELBW have a reduced platelet count, low-granulated platelets, and an increased average dry platelet mass. Newborns with intrauterine growth retardation have a reduced number of platelets and thrombocrit in the blood. The revealed morphofunctional features of platelets allow us to clarify the nature of changes in the platelet link of hemostasis in premature newborns for the timely prevention of complications during the underlying disease.

scholarly journals The nature of relationship between some health parameters in infants born with hypoplastic type mild intrauterine growth retardation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Dmitry O. Ivanov ◽  
Vitaly V. Derevtsov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Atrioventricular Conduction ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Intraventricular Conduction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Objective. Assessing the relationship between health indicators in infants born with intrauterine growth retardation (JGR) of hypoplastic type of mild severity among themselves, compared with infants born without IGR, and with practically healthy infants from practically healthy mothers. Materials and methods. Under the supervision were 109 infants. From mothers with a burdened somatic and obstetric-gynecological history, 84 children were born: 15 (gr. 1) with mild of hypo-plastic type IGR, 69 (gr. 2) without IGR. The control group (gr. 3) consisted of 25 healthy children born to healthy mothers. All observed babies were born full-term. They were examined in dynamics at the age of 1 (n = 104), 3 (n = 98), 6 (n = 92), 12 (n = 94) months. Outcome recording methods were a comprehensive case history analysis, physical examination, assessment of electrocar-diography and cardiointervalography. Distribution-free statistical analysis methods. Results. A correlation was found at 23 days between weight and body length (r = 0.63), body weight and stress index (r = 0.56), sympathetic activity and stress index (r = 0.84), intraatrial and atrioventricular conductivity (r = 0.64); at 1 month between sympathetic activity and stress index (r = 0.62); at 3 months between weight and body length (r = 0.79), sympathetic activity and stress index (r = 0.87), sympathetic activity and intraventricular conduction (r = 0.67), intraatrial and atrioventricular conduction (r = 0.71); at 6 months between weight and body length (r = 0.81), body weight and intraatrial conduction (r = 0.65), body weight and electric systole (r = 0.58), sympathetic activity and stress index (r = 0.92); at 12 months between body length and intraatrial (r = 0.74), body length and atrioventricular conduction (r = 0.76), sympathetic activity and stress index (r = 0.94), sympathetic activity and electrical systole (r = 0.71), stress index and intraventricular conduction (r = 0.68), stress index and electric systole (r = 0.69), intraatrial and stress index (r = 0.9), atrioventricular conduction and electric systole (r = 0.63). Conclusions. The revealed correlation communications between of some studied parameters allow doctors to allocate groups of dispensary observation, to diagnose changes at early stages of the pathological process, conduct correctional actions with assessment of their efficiency.

scholarly journals Histomorphometric Evaluation of Superovulation Effect on Follicular Development after Autologous Ovarian Transplantation in Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Tamadon ◽  
Alireza Raayat Jahromi ◽  
Farhad Rahmanifar ◽  
Mohammad Ayaseh ◽  
Omid Koohi-Hosseinabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autologous Transplantation ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Ovarian Volume ◽  
Ovarian Transplantation ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Over Time

The effect of superovulation by pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on autologous transplanted ovaries in the lumbar muscles of mice was histomorphometrically evaluated using the indices of number and volume of different kind of follicles and volume of corpora lutea, ovary, and stroma. Angiogenesis was observed after mouse ovarian transplantation on days 14 and 21 after ovarian grafting. After transplantation, the total number and volume of primary and secondary follicles reduced, while PMSG superovulation increased the total number and total volume of tertiary follicles and also the ovarian volume after transplantation. Transplantation increased the average size of primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles. Therefore, primary and secondary follicles can survive after autologous transplantation but their reservations diminished by increasing the time of transplantation. However, number of tertiary follicles and their response to superovulation increased over time after transplantation.

EFFECTS OF SODIUM PENTOBARBITONE ADMINISTRATION ON GONADOTROPHIN RELEASE, FIRST OVULATION AND OVARIAN MORPHOLOGY IN PUBERTAL RATS

1976 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. OSMAN ◽  
H. M. A. MEIJS-ROELOFS
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
Ovulatory Process

SUMMARY Pubertal female rats received sodium pentobarbitone (PB; 45 mg/kg body wt) at various hours on the day of first pro-oestrus. Maximal blockade of ovulation, in about 60% of the rats, occurred after PB treatment at 12.00, 13.00 and 14.00 h. The number of small antral follicles (100–499 × 105 μm3) was reduced 1 day after PB treatment in both blocked and ovulating rats. In the ovaries of non-ovulating rats signs of stimulation by LH such as dispersion of cumulus cells, oocyte maturation and early luteinization were sometimes present; in ovulating rats cystic corpora lutea with entrapped ova were found in addition to normal corpora lutea. Gonadotrophin measurements after PB treatment (14.00 h) in pubertal and adult rats showed (at 17.00 h) reduced levels of both LH and FSH, these levels being lower in the adults. Gonadotrophin levels of blocked and ovulating pubertal rats overlapped. In PB-treated, pubertal rats in which ovulation was postponed by 1 day, vaginal oestrus was prolonged by 1 day and the subsequent dioestrus by 2 days. The pubertal rat is thus less sensitive to PB treatment than the adult. PB treatment of the younger animal influences not only the ovulatory process but also follicular growth and, presumably, the length of the approaching cycle.

SERUM GONADOTROPHINS AND FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT IN IMMATURE RATS AFTER EARLY ANDROGEN ADMINISTRATION

1976 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. TH. J. UILENBROEK ◽  
E. ARENDSEN DE WOLFF-EXALTO ◽  
M. A. BLANKENSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Follicular Maturation ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Plasma Oestradiol

SUMMARY Follicular development and serum gonadotrophin levels were studied in female rats after neonatal androgen administration. After injection of 1250 μg testosterone propionate (TP) on day 5 after birth the composition of the follicular population was altered: at nearly all ages the number of pre-antral follicles (follicular volume 2–20 × 105 μm3) was lower than in oil-treated rats, in some cases the number of small antral follicles (21–249 × 105 μm3) was also lower. Furthermore levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were decreased from day 7 to day 20 suggesting that the high gonadotrophin levels before day 20 are of importance for normal follicular development. In contrast, final follicular maturation in TP-treated rats was enhanced; at day 35 more large antral follicles (follicular volume ≥ 500 × 105μm3) were present in TP-treated rats than in oil-treated rats. The presence of more large antral follicles was accompanied by higher plasma oestradiol concentrations, higher uterine weights and advanced vaginal opening. These results demonstrate an inhibition of normal follicular growth and an acceleration of ovarian maturation after neonatal androgen administration.

Inhibition of first ovulation: administration of an LHRH antagonist to immature female rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. A. Meijs-Roelofs ◽  
P. Kramer ◽  
W. A. van Cappellen ◽  
G. A. Schuiling
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Lhrh Antagonist

ABSTRACT Subcutaneous injections of an LHRH antagonist (ALHRH; Org.30093) were administered to immature female rats. Neither a single high dose (50 μg) nor repeated daily doses of 5–30 μg ALHRH/day, administered between 28 and 38 days of age, influenced the age and body weight at the time of vaginal opening or first ovulation. If repeated daily doses of 2 × 10 μg ALHRH were given from 32 to 42 or from 37 to 47 days of age, first ovulation was delayed by 3·0 and 6·3 days respectively. Administration of 10 μg ALHRH at 09.00 h and again at 17.00 h on the day of first pro-oestrus was found to be sufficient to block the expected first ovulation in 36 out of 38 rats. This effect could be repeated by administering the same doses of ALHRH at pro-oestrus and again on the next day: ovulation was blocked in eight out of eight rats. A single dose of 10 μg ALHRH, administered on the morning of pro-oestrus, blocked ovulation in five out of twelve rats. Both the preovulatory LH and FSH surge, as measured at 16.00 h on pro-oestrus, were found to be inhibited by ALHRH treatment. On the day after pro-oestrus no recruitment of new small antral follicles had occurred in rats with ovulatory blockade. Delayed ovulation took place 2–5 days after ALHRH injection at pro-oestrus; until 3 days after injection rats were able to ovulate their original preovulatory follicles, thereafter newly developed follicles ovulated and large ovarian cysts were found in the ovaries, next to fresh corpora lutea. Chronic administration of two injections daily of 10 μg ALHRH from 34 days of age until the morning of first pro-oestrus had marginal effects on the timing of first pro-oestrus and on follicle dynamics. It was concluded that with the ALHRH compound used, and in chronic as well as in acute experiments, first ovulation could only be delayed by its administration on the day of first pro-oestrus and that the effect was due to acute inhibition of the preovulatory gonadotrophin surge. J. Endocr. (1987) 112, 407–415

scholarly journals Gonadotropin-Induced Superovulation Drives Ovarian Surface Epithelia Proliferation in CD1 Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. 2338-2345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna E. Burdette ◽  
Sarah J. Kurley ◽  
Signe M. Kilen ◽  
Kelly E. Mayo ◽  
Teresa K. Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Surface Epithelium ◽  
Brdu Incorporation ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Ovarian Surface ◽  
Dna Mutations ◽  
Cell Progression ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Cd1 Mice

The ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) is a monolayer of cells that surround the ovary and accommodate repeated tear and repair in response to ovulation. OSE cells are thought to be the progenitors of 90% of ovarian cancers. Currently, the total amount of proliferation of the OSE has not been reported in response to one ovulatory event. In this study, proliferation of the OSE was quantified in response to superovulation induced by ip injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in immature 27-d-old CD1 mice using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). BrdU incorporation into the OSE cells was measured from the time of hCG injection for a total cumulative label of 12 h. BrdU incorporation was also measured from the time of PMSG injection for a total label of 60 h to correlate proliferation with specific gonadotropin stimulation. The OSE proliferation was significantly higher in superovulated animals compared with control mice at all time points. Proliferation was also analyzed in discrete anatomical sections and indicated that OSE covering antral follicles and corpora lutea proliferated more rapidly than OSE distal to follicular growth. Finally, apoptosis was assessed in response to ovulation, and virtually no cell death within the OSE was detected. These data demonstrate that the OSE, especially near antral follicles and corpora lutea, proliferates significantly in response to the gonadotropins PMSG and hCG. Therefore, ovarian surface cell division in response to ovulation could contribute to ovarian cancer by proliferation-induced DNA mutations and transformed cell progression.

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