scholarly journals Eye-tracking Study of Reading Speed from LCD Displays: Influence of Type Style and Type Size

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Franken ◽  
Anja Podlesek ◽  
Klementina Možina
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Character Size ◽  
Type Size ◽  
Lcd Displays ◽  
Tracking Technology

Increasing amounts of text are read from various types of screens. The shape and the size of a typeface determine the legibility of texts. The aim of this study was to investigate the legibility of different typefaces displayed on LCD screens. Two typefaces (Georgia and Verdana), designed for screen renderings were analyzed by eye-tracking technology in 8 different sizes. Regardless of the font size, the texts set in Verdana were read faster. For both typefaces the reading speed increased with increasing the font size. The number of fixations increased with the character size, while the fixation time was shorter.

Social Perception of Facial Feminization Surgery Outcomes: Does Gender Identity Alter Gaze?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanique A Martin ◽  
Shane D Morrison ◽  
Viren Patel ◽  
Fermín Capitán-Cañadas ◽  
Anabel Sánchez-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Attention And Perception ◽  
Tracking Technology

Abstract Background The evaluation of gender-affirming facial feminization surgery (FFS) outcomes can be highly subjective, which has resulted in a limited understanding of the social perception of favorable gender and aesthetic facial appearance following these procedures. The growing use of eye-tracking technology in the assessment of surgical outcomes has introduced an objective measure of viewer subconscious gaze, which may provide more insight into how viewer characteristics may influence gaze, attention and perception of favorable FFS outcomes. Objective In this study, eye-tracking technology was used to measure attention and perception of surgery naïve cisgender female and feminized transgender faces, based on viewer gender identity. Methods Thirty-two participants (18 cisgender and 14 transgender) were enrolled and shown five photos each of surgery naïve cisgender female and feminized transgender faces. Gaze was captured using the Tobii X2 60 eye-tracking device (Tobii, Stockholm, Sweden) and participants rated the gender and aesthetic appearance of each face using Likert-type scales. Results Total image gaze fixation time did not differ by participant gender identity (6.00 vs 6.04 sec, p = 0.889), however, transgender participants spent more time evaluating the forehead/brow, buccal/mandibular regions and chin (p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed significant associations between viewer gender identity, age, race, and education and the time spent evaluating gender salient facial features. Feminized faces were rated as more masculine with poorer aesthetic appearance than surgery naïve cisgender female faces, however, there was no significant difference in the distribution of gender appearance ratings assigned to each photo by cisgender and transgender participants. Conclusions These results demonstrate that gender identity influences subconscious attention and gaze on female faces. Even so, differences in gaze distribution did not correspond to subjective rated gender appearance for either surgery naïve cisgender female or feminized transgender faces, further illustrating the complexity of evaluating social perception of favorable FFS outcomes.

The Use of Eye Tracking Technology in Aesthetic Surgery: Analyzing Changes in Facial Attention Following Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1269-1279
Author(s):  
Russell S Frautschi ◽  
Nadeera Dawlagala ◽  
Eric W Klingemier ◽  
Hannah S England ◽  
Nicholas R Sinclair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Aesthetic Surgery ◽  
Facial Rejuvenation ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Postoperative Changes ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Tracking Technology

Abstract Background The ability to quantitatively analyze how we look at a face and determine if this changes following facial surgery should be of interest to the plastic surgeon. Eye tracking technology (ETT) provides the ability to record where observers fixate when viewing a facial image, enabling quantitative data to be obtained comparing pre- and postoperative changes. Objectives The authors sought to investigate ETT as a novel outcome assessment tool, determining if facial rejuvenation surgery shifts attention away from the prominent signs of aging, and if so, where this attention shifts. Methods Twenty-five volunteers viewed 32 randomized frontal, oblique, and lateral images of 11 patients pre- and post-facelift. An eye movement monitoring system recorded the observer’s eye position, net dwell time, fixation count, fixation time, and revisits into predefined areas of interest. Data were grouped and analyzed by angle and areas of interest. Paired t tests were employed to detect significant differences in pre- and post-images. Results On frontal images, less dwell time, fixations, and revisits were noted on the bottom third, forehead, perioral region, and neck (P < 0.05). On the lateral view, less visual attention was given to the neck, upper third, and perioral region, with more time in the cheek, nose, and middle third (P < 0.05). On oblique images, less attention was given to the neck and upper lid with more aimed at the middle third of the face (P < 0.05). Conclusions ETT provides quantitative data post-facial rejuvenation. Facial aesthetic surgery does alter where observers look when viewing a face, decreasing the time spent inspecting the prominent signs of aging.

Evaluating Eye Tracking Technology for Understanding how Medical Students Interpret a 12-Lead Electrocardiogram: A Quantitative Approach (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Tahri Sqalli ◽  
Dena Al-Thani ◽  
Mohamed Badreldin Elshazly ◽  
‪Mohammed Al-Hijji
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Interpretation Process ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tracking Technology ◽  
Insight Into

BACKGROUND It is common among healthcare practitioners that accurate interpretation of a 12-lead electrocardiogram demands high levels of skill and expertise. There is a variation amongst healthcare practitioners in their ability to read ECGs accurately and quickly. Moreover, guidelines or best-practices for a standard interpretation process are inexistant. This causes a chasm between skilled interpreters and medical students who are just beginning to develop this skill. OBJECTIVE This study aims to use the eye tracking methodology to research whether eye fixation can be used to gain a deeper understanding into how medical students acquire the ECG interpretation skill. METHODS Each one of the sixteen recruited medical students was asked to interpret ten different types of 12-lead ECGs, while their eye movements were recorded using a Tobii X60 eye tracker. The device uses corneal reflection technology to non-intrusively record the interpreter’s eye movements. The frequency of sampling is 60Hz. Fixations’ heatmaps of where medical students looked at were generated from the collected dataset. A statistical analysis was conducted on the fixations’ count and duration using the Mann Whitney U test, and the Kruskal Wallis test. RESULTS A total number of 16 medical students interpreting 10 ECGs each were recorded. Each interpretation lasted for a duration of 30 seconds. The mean accuracy of the interpretations was 55.63% with a standard deviation of 4.63 %. After analyzing the average fixation duration, we find that on average students study the three lower leads (rhythm strips) the most with a top-down approach (lead II has highest fixation time (mean = 2727 ms, SD = 456) followed by leads V1 (mean = 1476 fixations, SD = 320), V5 (mean = 1301 fixations, SD = 236). We also find a strong correlation between some of the eye tracking features like the time spent fixating and the fixation count (r = 0.87). Finally, by analyzing the time to the first fixation, we understand that medical students develop a personal system of interpretation that adapts and reacts to the nature and the complexity of the diagnosis. We also find that medical students consider some leads as their guiding point towards finding a hint leading to the correct interpretation. CONCLUSIONS The use of eye tracking methodology provided a more precise insight into how medical students learn how to interpret a 12-lead ECG. CLINICALTRIAL NA

Cognitive Evaluation of Digital Monitoring HCI in Nuclear Power Plant Based on Eye-Tracking Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 371-374
Author(s):  
Sheng Yuan Yan ◽  
Jun Xiao ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Ya Hui Wang ◽  
Jing Ling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Test Subject ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation ◽  
Digital Monitoring ◽  
Tracking Technology

This study attempts to make cognitive evaluation about pre-optimizing and post-optimizing digital monitoring HCI in nuclear power plant through 18 quintessential eye movement data of 20 test subject using eye-tracking technology. The result suggests that the optimized monitoring system excels cognitive evaluation in fixation time, saccade distance, pupil size and other quota, thus proving its validity.

Using an Eye Tracker to Measure Information Processing According to Need for Cognition Level

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1869-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Wu ◽  
Yuntao Gao ◽  
Danmin Miao
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Persuasive Messages ◽  
Tracking Technology

The need for cognition (NC) refers to the tendency for people to vary in the extent to which they engage in, and enjoy, cognitively effortful activities. However, few studies on NC have been conducted to investigate cognitive processes by using eye-tracking technology. Thus, we measured differences in eye movement between individuals high versus low in NC. We presented 43 undergraduates with persuasive messages on postponed retirement. Meanwhile, their eye movements were recorded using eye-tracking technology. Additionally, participants completed measures of attitude and recall of arguments. Our findings showed that participants high in NC recalled more arguments but did not form more favorable attitudes than did those low in NC. Furthermore, compared to those low in NC, those with high NC recorded longer eye fixation duration, more fixations, slower reading speed, and shorter saccade (movement) lengths. Finally, there were no differences between the two groups concerning the distribution (short, medium, and long fixations) and the proportion of regressions. Eye-tracking technology contributes to further understanding of characteristics of individuals high versus low in NC during reading.

scholarly journals Identification of the oculo-motor system based on the Volterra model using eye tracking technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 1603 ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
Vitaliy D. Pavlenko ◽  
Marek Milosz ◽  
Mariusz Dzienkowski
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Volterra Model ◽  
Tracking Technology

scholarly journals The application of eye tracking technology in the evaluation of shoulder fit of male suit

2021 ◽  
Vol 1848 (1) ◽  
pp. 012130
Author(s):  
Lin Mei Yang ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Xiao Gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Tracking Technology

scholarly journals Effects of age on memory for pragmatic implications in advertising

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 183449092110004
Author(s):  
Jing Yu ◽  
Xue-Rui Peng ◽  
Ming Yan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Time Processing ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Advertising Content ◽  
Inferential Processing ◽  
Tracking Technology

People employ automatic inferential processing when confronting pragmatically implied claims in advertising. However, whether comprehension and memorization of pragmatic implications differ between young and older adults is unclear. In the present study, we used eye-tracking technology to investigate online cognitive processes during reading of misleading advertisements. We found an interaction between age and advertising content, manifested as our older participants generated higher misleading rates in health-related than in health-irrelevant products, whereas this content-bias did not appear in their younger counterparts. Eye movement data further showed that the older adults spent more time processing critical claims for the health-related products than for the health-irrelevant products. Moreover, the correlations between fixation duration on pragmatic implications and misleading rates showed opposite trends in the two groups. The eye-tracking evidence novelly suggests that young and older adults may adopt different information processing strategies to comprehend pragmatic implications in advertising: More reading possibly enhances young adults’ gist memory whereas it facilitates older adults’ verbatim memory instead.

Seeking attention: an eye tracking study of in-store merchandise displays

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Huddleston ◽  
Bridget K. Behe ◽  
Stella Minahan ◽  
R. Thomas Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tracking Technology

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the role that visual measures of attention to product and information and price display signage have on purchase intention. The authors assessed the effect of visual attention to the product, information or price sign on purchase intention, as measured by likelihood to buy. Design/methodology/approach – The authors used eye-tracking technology to collect data from Australian and US garden centre customers, who viewed eight plant displays in which the signs had been altered to show either price or supplemental information (16 images total). The authors compared the role of visual attention to price and information sign, and the role of visual attention to the product when either sign was present on likelihood to buy. Findings – Overall, providing product information on a sign without price elicited higher likelihood to buy than providing a sign with price. The authors found a positive relationship between visual attention to price on the display sign and likelihood to buy, but an inverse relationship between visual attention to information and likelihood to buy. Research limitations/implications – An understanding of the attention-capturing power of merchandise display elements, especially signs, has practical significance. The findings will assist retailers in creating more effective and efficient display signage content, for example, featuring the product information more prominently than the price. The study was conducted on a minimally packaged product, live plants, which may reduce the ability to generalize findings to other product types. Practical implications – The findings will assist retailers in creating more effective and efficient display signage content. The study used only one product category (plants) which may reduce the ability to generalize findings to other product types. Originality/value – The study is one of the first to use eye-tracking in a macro-level, holistic investigation of the attention-capturing value of display signage information and its relationship to likelihood to buy. Researchers, for the first time, now have the ability to empirically test the degree to which attention and decision-making are linked.

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