scholarly journals Determination of Metabolic Rate from Physical Measurements of Heart Rate, Mean Skin Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Variation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Furkan ÖZBEY ◽  
Aydın Ege ÇETER ◽  
Cihan TURHAN
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Physical Measurements

The Effects of Body composition (Percent Fat) On Acclimatization to Heat

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 774-778
Author(s):  
Alex Loewenthal ◽  
David J. Cochran ◽  
Michael W. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Temperature Differential ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
The Core ◽  
Rate Of Decay

Nine fully acclimatized men falling in the lean, medium and obese categories of body composition were observed during heat exposure periods for four days following acclimatization decay periods of various lengths in order to determine the effects of body composition on the decay and reinduction of acclimatization. The physiological variables taken into consideration were core temperature, “DuBois” mean skin temperature, heart rate, weight loss due to perspiration and the temperature differential between the core and surface. All of the men were subjected to an acclimatization schedule of twelve daily sessions in order to insure that they were all fully acclimatized. Three decay, or non-exposure, periods of four, eight and twelve days were each followed by four days of reinduction. It was determined that body composition does not affect the rate of decay or reinduction of acclimatization, although this parameter as well as the extent of decay and the duration of the reinduction period does affect the physiological variables monitored in this study.

Heat Strain in Protective Clothing Following Hot-Wet or Hot-Dry Heat Acclimation

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom M. McLellan ◽  
Yukitoshi Aoyagi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Heat Acclimation ◽  
Heat Strain ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Time Required

The purpose of the present study was to compare the heat strain while wearing nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) protective clothing following a hot-wet (HW) or hot-dry (HD) heat acclimation protocol. Twenty-two males were assigned to groups HW (n = 7), HD (n = 8), or control (C, n = 7). Subjects were evaluated during continuous treadmill walking while wearing lightweight combat clothing and during intermittent exercise while wearing the NBC protective clothing. While wearing Combat clothing, greater decreases in rectal temperature (Tre), mean skin temperature [Formula: see text], and heart rate were observed for both acclimation groups. For the NBC clothing trials, lower Tre, [Formula: see text], and heart rates were observed only for group HW. The time required for Tre to increase 1.0 °C and 1.5 °C was significantly delayed for groups HW and HD. Sweat evaporation increased for HW, whereas no change was found for HD. The most significant changes in Tre, [Formula: see text], and heart rate while wearing the NBC protective clothing occur following heat acclimation that involves wearing the clothing during exercise. Key words: rectal temperature, mean skin temperature, heart rate, sweat rate

Physiological adjustments of young mean to five-hour desert walks

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Dill ◽  
L. F. Soholt ◽  
I. B. Oddershede
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological Adjustments ◽  
Subjective Reports ◽  
Cardiovascular Adjustment

Seven young men undertook a desert walk of 30 km at a rate of 100 m/min. Six finished; the seventh stopped after 24 km. Each satisfied his thirst with cool tap water each hour. Periodic observations included metabolic rate, blood pressure, heart rate, rectal and skin temperature, body weight, and volume of water drunk. Hand sweat was collected each hour and body sweat residues on the skin were collected at the end of the walk. Subjective reports revealed portents of breakdown: aching muscles, painful joints, hot or blistered feet, hunger, and boredom. Cardiovascular adjustment and temperature regulation maintained tolerable conditions. The volumes of water evaporated by the 5-h walkers were about the same. Wet bulb temperatures were below 25 degrees C; all sweat evaporated and was available for temperature regulation. The volume of water drawn from body reserves was closely correlated with concentration of chloride in body sweat; the volume of water that satisfied thirst maintained osmotic pressure.

Comparison of thermal responses between rest and leg exercise in water

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Toner ◽  
M. N. Sawka ◽  
W. L. Holden ◽  
K. B. Pandolf
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Cool Water ◽  
Heat Flows ◽  
Male Volunteers ◽  
Leg Exercise ◽  
Over Time

This study examined both the thermal and metabolic responses of individuals in cool (30 degrees C, n = 9) and cold (18 degrees C, n = 7; 20 degrees C, n = 2) water. Male volunteers were immersed up to the neck for 1 h during both seated rest (R) and leg exercise (LE). In 30 degrees C water, metabolic rate (M) remained unchanged over time during both R (115 W, 60 min) and LE (528 W, 60 min). Mean skin temperature (Tsk) declined (P less than 0.05) over 1 h during R, while Tsk was unchanged during LE. Rectal (Tre) and esophageal (Tes) temperatures decreased (P less than 0.05) during R (delta Tre, -0.5 degrees C; delta Tes, -0.3 degrees C) and increased (P less than 0.05) during LE (delta Tre, 0.4 degrees C; Tsk, 0.4 degrees C). M, Tsk, Tre, and Tes were higher (P less than 0.05) during LE compared with R. In cool water, all regional heat flows (leg, chest, and arm) were generally greater (P less than 0.05) during LE than R. In cold water, M increased (P less than 0.05) over 1 h during R but remained unchanged during LE. Tre decreased (P less than 0.05) during R (delta Tre, -0.8 degrees C) but was unchanged during LE. Tes declined (P less than 0.05) during R (delta Tes, -0.4 degrees C) but increased (P less than 0.05) during LE (delta Tes, 0.2 degrees C). M, Tre, and Tes were higher (P less than 0.05), whereas Tsk was not different during LE compared with R at 60 min.

Tyrosine Supplementation Does Not Influence the Capacity to Perform Prolonged Exercise in a Warm Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Watson ◽  
Sophie Enever ◽  
Andrew Page ◽  
Jenna Stockwell ◽  
Ronald J. Maughan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Warm Environment

Eight young men were recruited to a study designed to examine the effect of tyrosine (TYR) supplementation on the capacity to perform prolonged exercise in a warm environment. Subjects entered the laboratory in the morning and remained seated for 1 hr before cycling to exhaustion at 70% VO2peak. Two 250-ml aliquots of a placebo (PLA ) or a TYR solution were ingested at 30-min intervals before exercise, with an additional 150 ml consumed every 15 min throughout exercise (total TYR dose: 150 mg/kg BM). Cognitive function was assessed before drink ingestion, at the end of the rest period, and at exhaustion. TYR ingestion had no effect on exercise capacity (PLA 61.4 ± 13.7 min, TYR 60.2 ± 15.4 min; p = .505). No differences in heart rate (p = .380), core temperature (p = .554), or weighted mean skin temperature (p = .167) were apparent between trials. Ingestion of TYR produced a marked increase in serum TYR concentrations (+236 ± 46 μmol/L; p < .001), with this difference maintained throughout exercise. No change was apparent during the PLA trial (p = .924). Exercise caused an increase in error rate during the complex component of the Stroop test (p = .034), but this response was not influenced by the drink ingested. No other component of cognitive function was altered by the protocol (all p > .05). Ingestion of a TYR solution did not influence time to exhaustion or several aspects of cognitive function when exercise was undertaken in a warm environment.

scholarly journals Determination of the Metabolic Rate and Work Arduousness Class for Workers in Coal Mines – The Results of in Situ Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Drenda ◽  
Ewa Kułagowska ◽  
Zenon Różański ◽  
Grzegorz Pach ◽  
Paweł Wrona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Underground Coal Mines ◽  
Rate Class ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Environment Parameters

Abstract Considering different duties and activities among miners working in underground coal mines, their work is connected with variable metabolic rate. Determination of this rate for different workplace was the aim of the research and was the base for set up the work arduousness classes for the workplace (according to the standard PN-EN 27243). The research covered 6 coal mines, 268 workers and 1164 series of measurements. Metabolic rate was established on the base of heart rate obtained from individual pulsometers (according to the standard PN-EN ISO 8996). Measurements were supplemented by poll surveys about worker and thermal environment parameters. The results showed significant variability of average heart rate (from 87 bmp to 100 bpm) with variance coefficient 14%. Mean values of metabolic rate were from 150 W/m2 to 207 W/m2. According to the results, the most common class of work arduousness was at moderate metabolic rate (class 2 - moderate work), however, more intense work was found in headings, especially at “ blind end” workplace.

Skin-surface cooling elicits peripheral and visceral vasoconstriction in humans

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1257-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thad E. Wilson ◽  
Charity L. Sauder ◽  
Matthew L. Kearney ◽  
Nathan T. Kuipers ◽  
Urs A. Leuenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Blood Velocity ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Vascular Conductance

Skin-surface cooling elicits a pronounced systemic pressor response, which has previously been reported to be associated with peripheral vasoconstriction and may not fully account for the decrease in systemic vascular conductance. To test the hypothesis that whole body skin-surface cooling would also induce renal and splanchnic vasoconstriction, 14 supine subjects performed 26 skin-surface cooling trials (15–18°C water perfused through a tube-lined suit for 20 min). Oral and mean skin temperature, heart rate, stroke volume (Doppler ultrasound), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), cutaneous blood velocity (laser-Doppler), and mean blood velocity of the brachial, celiac, renal, and superior mesenteric arteries (Doppler ultrasound) were measured during normothermia and skin-surface cooling. Cardiac output (heart rate·stroke volume) and indexes of vascular conductance (flux or blood velocity/MAP) were calculated. Skin-surface cooling increased MAP ( n = 26; 78 ± 5 to 88 ± 5 mmHg; mean ± SD) and decreased mean skin temperature ( n = 26; 33.7 ± 0.7 to 27.5 ± 1.2°C) and cutaneous ( n = 12; 0.93 ± 0.68 to 0.36 ± 0.20 flux/mmHg), brachial ( n = 10; 32 ± 15 to 20 ± 12), celiac ( n = 8; 85 ± 22 to 73 ± 22 cm·s−1·mmHg−1), superior mesenteric ( n = 8; 55 ± 16 to 48 ± 10 cm·s−1·mmHg−1), and renal ( n = 8; 74 ± 26 to 64 ± 20 cm·s−1·mmHg−1; all P < 0.05) vascular conductance, without altering oral temperature, cardiac output, heart rate, or stroke volume. These data identify decreases in vascular conductance of skin and of brachial, celiac, superior mesenteric, and renal arteries. Thus it appears that vasoconstriction in both peripheral and visceral arteries contributes importantly to the pressor response produced during skin-surface cooling in humans.

Metabolic and febrile responses to typhoid vaccine in humans: effect of beta-adrenergic blockade

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 2322-2328 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Cooper ◽  
M. A. Horan ◽  
R. A. Little ◽  
N. J. Rothwell
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Oral Temperature ◽  
Typhoid Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Injection ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Fever and activation of acute phase responses were induced in human volunteers by intramuscular injection of typhoid vaccine. Vaccine injection caused a rapid (within 1 h) and sustained rise in metabolic rate (peak response 16%, 6–8 h), followed by later increases in white blood cell count (3–4 h), skin temperature (4–5 h), oral temperature (5–6 h), heart rate (6–8 h), and plasma cortisol (5–8 h). A peak fever [1.2 +/- 0.2 degree C (SE) rise] was recorded 12 h after vaccine injection. The involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the development of these responses was investigated by the oral administration of propranolol before (80 mg) and 3 h after (40 mg) vaccine injection. Propranolol prevented the increases in metabolic rate, heart rate, and skin temperature but did not inhibit the rise in oral temperature or white cell count after vaccine administration. These data indicate that the sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the rise in energy expenditure associated with fever in humans. However, the rise in body temperature can develop in the absence of this increase in metabolic rate possibly by changes in heat loss.

The effect of graded hypoxia on the metabolic rate and buccal activity of a lungless salamander (Desmognathus fuscus)

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (24) ◽  
pp. 3785-3793 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Sheafor ◽  
S.C. Wood ◽  
G.J. Tattersall
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Output ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Significant Stimulation

The hypothesis that the lungless salamander Desmognathus fuscus responds actively to hypoxia was tested. Patterns of buccal movements [apneic period duration, the duration (min h(−)(1)) of buccal pumping and buccal pumping frequency], heart rate and metabolic rate (rates of oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output) were determined during a control period (21 % oxygen), a hypoxic period (2, 5, 6.5, 8 or 10 % oxygen) and a recovery period (21 % oxygen). Hypoxic salamanders maintained their rate of oxygen uptake at control levels until a critical oxygen level between 10 and 8 % oxygen was reached. The rate of carbon dioxide output remained constant across all oxygen levels, except for a significant increase during exposure to 5 % oxygen. The buccal activity of lungless salamanders was responsive to environmental hypoxia, with a significant stimulation during exposure to 6.5 % and 5 % oxygen. Buccal pumping frequency was inhibited at 2 % oxygen. Heart rate was stimulated at all hypoxic levels except 2 % O(2). During recovery, metabolic rate and heart rate returned to control levels within 20 min after all hypoxic exposures. The durations of apneic periods increased significantly compared with the hypoxic value during recovery from exposure to 10 %, 6.5 % and 5 % oxygen. Overall, the animals responded actively to hypoxia by increasing the duration of buccal activity as oxygen levels decreased. The ability of these changes to facilitate oxygen uptake is not known. However, the response of the dusky salamander to low levels of oxygen is analogous to the hypoxic ventilatory response observed in lunged vertebrates.

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