scholarly journals Seasonal development and perspectivity of introduced species Pinus L. in the taiga area (Karelia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
I. T. Kishchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
State University ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Almost All ◽  
State Of The Environment

The results of studies carried out in 1988–2016 are presented, from April to October in the Botanical Garden of Petrozavodsk State University (South Karelia, middle taiga subzone). The objects of research were representatives of 4 introduced species of the genus Pinus: P. strobus L., P. montana Mill., P. pu-mila (Pall.) Regel., P. sibirica Du Tour. The timing of the onset of almost all phenophases in the species of the species Pinus under study largely depends on the current temperature regime of the air, the state of the environment for several days prior to the beginning of a particular phenophase, and also on the values – of the main environmental factors during the formation of wintering buds of the last year. A straight-forward correlation was found between the dynamics of the studied environmental factors and the timing of the onset of phenophases. The earliest dates of the onset and end of phenophases were noted in P. pu-mila, and the latest in P. strobus. A comprehensive assessment of the prospects of the studied species made it possible to establish that P. sibirica, P. montana, and P. pumila (58–65 points) are quite promis-ing, and P. strobus are promising (57 points). These species can be recommended for introduction into cultural communities and landscaping of settlements with a low degree of pollution by pollutants.

scholarly journals Seasonal growth of Abies Mill. species introduced in the Boreal Zone (Karelia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
I. T. Kishchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
State University ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Optimal Value

The study of the growth of the introduced species of Abies was carried out in the Botanical Garden of Pet-rozavodsk State University (middle taiga subzone, southern Karelia). Studies have established that the growth of shoots of species of the genus Abies begins at the same time in years with a friendly spring. In years with a protracted spring, differences between species in the timing of the onset of this phenophase can reach 1 week. The differences in the timing of the termination of shoot growth also do not exceed 1 week. Growth culminates first in A. holophylla, and most recently in A. balsameа. The highest value of the maximum growth is characteristic of A. holophylla, in other species it is 10–20% less. It turned out that the beginning and culmination of growth in them mostly depends on the temperature regime of the air. The air humidity and the amount of atmospheric precipitation constantly exceed the optimal value for this process. It was found that the beginning of the growth of the needles of the studied species of the ge-nus Abies is noted in late May-early June. The differences do not exceed 2−4 days. First of all, the culmi-nation of the growth of needles is noted in A. holophylla and A. concolor. Its value in these species is 1.5–2 times higher than in other species. Studies have shown that the timing of the beginning, culmina-tion and end of needle growth under the influence of environmental factors from year to year can vary within 2–18 days. The beginning of the growth of needles depends on the temperature regime of the air, and the growth dynamics, in addition, on the humidity of the air and atmospheric precipitation. The na-ture and degree of influence of environmental factors on the growth of needles varies very slightly from year to year, but differs markedly in the studied species of the genus Abies. It was found that A. sibirica and A. balsamea should be recognized as the most promising for landscaping settlements in settlements (with a low degree of pollution by pollutants).

scholarly journals Development of female hametophytis and embryogenesis of introduced species Picea A. Dietr. in the Taiga Zone (Karelia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Ivan T. Kishchenko ◽  
◽  
Vitaliy V. Trenin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
State University ◽  
Nuclear Stage ◽  
Picea Species ◽  
Empty Seeds

The aim of the research was to establish features in macrosporogenesis, macrogametogenesis, and embryogenesis in Picea species (native species P. abies and introduced species P. canadensis and P. pungens) in the Botanical Garden of Petrozavodsk State University (middle taiga subzone). To study the development of the generative sphere, shoots with generative buds and strobiles from the southwestern side of the crown were cut from 10 trees and fixed in a mixture of alcohol and glycerin. The development of the female gametophyte and the embryo was studied with constant preparations. Preparations for anatomical examination of the kidneys were prepared according to standard methods. In this case, double fixation in glutaraldehyde and osmium was used, wiring through alcohol and acetone, and encapsulation in epoxy resin. Sections with a thickness of about 1 μm were prepared on an ultramicrotome and stained in a 1% aqueous solution of methylene blue. Studies have established that in mid-May, the female gametophyte is still at a free stage, and by the beginning of June it already has a cellular structure. Embryogenesis begins in late July and ends in the second decade of August. In introduced species, various deviations are observed in the development of the female generative sphere and during embryogenesis. The main ones are the degeneration of the female gametophyte at the free-nuclear stage and the destruction of archegonia at the stage of proembryogenesis. For this reason, from 37 to 51% of the seeds of introducers are devoid of the embryo. The largest percentage of empty seeds and the most recent stages of the passage of the main stages of morphogenesis are observed in P. pungens. This indicates the least degree of adaptability of the generative sphere of this species of introducer to new conditions.

scholarly journals Growth and Development of Introduced Larix Mill. Species in the Taiga Zone (Karelia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-83
Author(s):  
Ivan T. Kishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Larix Sibirica ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
State University ◽  
Residential Landscaping ◽  
Phenological Phases

The study reports results of research carried out from April to October during 1988–2016 at the Botanical Garden of Petrozavodsk State University (South Karelia, middle taiga subzones). Three introduced species of the genus Larix (Larix sibirica Ledeb., L. leptolepis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Gord, and L. dahurica Turcz. ex Trautv.) were studied. The growth of shoots and needles in different species begins, reaches its culmination, and ends almost simultaneously, differing by no more than one week across the species. L. sibirica shows the highest growth rate. The timing of growth, culmination, and the dynamics of growth of shoots and needles are largely determined by variations in precipitation, temperature, and humidity. The direction and strength of such an effect may vary from year to year. The dates of phenological phases of the Larix species studied here are chiefly determined by the air temperature in the current growing season and the dates of formation of wintering buds in the previous growing season. Bud swelling and opening begins almost simultaneously in the studied species. Most of the other phenological phases begin and end earliest in L. sibirica and latest in L. leptolepis. All the studied species, primarily L. sibirica, are promising for residential landscaping and creation of artificial plant communities in Karelia

scholarly journals Epiphytic lichen cover of collection trees of arboretum of the Botanical Garden of Petrozavodsk State University

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
V. I Androsova ◽  
T. N. Chernisheva
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Projective Cover ◽  
State University ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Model Object ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Lichen Cover ◽  
Introduced Trees

At present, 264 species of lichens and allied fungi have been recorded for the territory of the BotanicalGarden of Petrozavodsk State University (Republic of Karelia) and 112 species have been found in its arboretum, wheremore than 200 species of introduced trees grow. The paper presents the results of studying the features of the epiphyticlichen cover of the collection trees of the arboretum of the Botanical Garden of PetrSU (Republic of Karelia). Results of thestudy are based on 1662 descriptions of the epiphytic lichen cover on 209 trees of coniferous species and 1150 descriptions –on 143 deciduous introduced species.The average total projective cover of lichens on the trunks of the studied coniferous introduced species reaches 18 % atthe trunk base, and 19 % – at a height of 130 cm above the ground. The number of species in the descriptions of epiphyticlichen cover varies from 0 to 12 (0.8 in average). The highest values of the projective cover of lichens and the numberof species in the descriptions were observed on the trunks of conifers of the genus Pinus, the lowest – on the trunks oftrees of the genus Thuja. The average total projective cover of lichens on the trunks of the studied deciduous introducedspecies was 8 % at the base, and 25 % – at a height of 130 cm above the ground. The number of species in the descriptionvaries from 0 to 9 (1.0 in average). The highest values of the projective cover of lichens and the number of species in thedescription are noted on the trunks of the genus Quercus, the lowest – on the trunks of trees of the genus Ulmus. Collectiontrees of arboretum tree represent a model object for observing the features of the formation of the epiphytic lichen cover

scholarly journals Seasonal rhythm of the development of Acer L. species upon introduction into the arboretum of the Botanical Garden of Moscow State University

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 040-043
Author(s):  
S. Y. Kazarova ◽  
G. A. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Far East ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
State University ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
East Central ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Moscow State University ◽  
Continental Climate

This work analyzes the seasonal development of some representatives of the genus Acer L. growing inthe arboretum of the Botanical Garden of Moscow State University. M. V. Lomonosov. Of the 23 taxa studied, therepresentatives of the genus are distinguished by the greatest adaptability to the temperate continental climate of CentralRussia, having negative indicators of the atypicality coefficient with values from – 1,14 to – 0,15. Plants of this groupmainly have natural habitats in the temperate regions of the Far East, Central Asia, Europe, and North America. The leastadapted species have FA indices from 1,08 to 1,11, growing in the Eastern Transcaucasia , Iran, Japan.

scholarly journals Growth and Development of the Introduced Picea L. (Karst.) Species in the Taiga Zone (Karelia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-258
Author(s):  
Ivan T. Kishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Needle Growth

The study was conducted in the Botanical Garden of Petrozavodsk State University (South Karelia, the middle taiga subzone) from April to October during 1988–2016. The following representatives of the genus Picea were investigated: four introduced species (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss [syn. P. canadensis Britt.], P. pungens Engelm. f. viridis Regel., P. obovata Ledeb., and P. mariana Britt.) and one native species (P. abies (L.) Karst.). The growth of P. abies shoots starts 1–4 weeks earlier and ends 1–3 weeks later compared to the introduced species. The earliest culmination of shoot growth is observed in P. glauca and P. obovata and the latest in P. abies. The longest shoots are formed by P. abies. The growth dynamics of shoots differs considerably between the introduced species and the native species. The dates of the beginning and the culmination of the shoot growth in the studied species are to a certain extent affected by the temperature of the air. P. abies needles begin to grow 1–2 weeks earlier than the needles of the introduced species. The earliest culmination of needle growth is observed in P. obovata and P. glauca and the latest in P. pungens. P. abies and P. pungens show the largest needle length increment, while in the other species, it is 2–4 times smaller. The longest needles are formed in P. pungens and P. abies. There is a noticeable difference in needle growth dynamics between the introduced species and the native species. The dates on which needles begin to grow are largely determined by the temperature of the air. The temperature of the air and solar radiation produce a substantial effect on the time of occurrence of most phenophases in the studied Picea species. P. pungens and P. glauca were found to be the most promising spruce species for residential landscaping and creation of artificial plant communities in Karelia

scholarly journals Ecological and biological characteristics of rare and endangered introduced species in the culture of the Central Chernozem Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
O. V. Komarova ◽  
V. D. Dorofeeva ◽  
V. F. Shipilova ◽  
S. I. Degtyareva
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
State University ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Central Chernozem Region ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Central Chernozem

The article presents the results of the study of some rare and endangered species, mainly introduced ones, from arboretums of All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology and Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov (both in Voronezh, Russia). It examines their ecological and biological characteristics and phenological patterns. The paper presents phenological spectra with the phases of the seasonal development for the studied species. It also explores the issues of the stability and plasticity of the introduced species and designs methodologies for their conservation and reproduction. Based on many years of observations the paper concludes that the studied species have the potential to be used for forestry and gardening of the Central Chernozem Region of Russia.

scholarly journals The morphogenesis of vegetative buds of Picea species (Pinaceae), introduced in the taiga zone (Karelia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
I. T. Kishchenko ◽  
V. V. Trenin
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
State University ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Picea Species

The observations were carried out in the Botanical garden of the Petrozavodsk state University, located in the taiga zone. Objects of research served 1 native and 5 introduced species: Picea abies (L.) Karst., P. obovata Ledeb., P. mariana Britt., P. glauca (Mill.) Вritt., P. pungens Engelm., P. omorica (Pane) Purk. The study of morphogenesis in vegetative buds was carried out axial shoots from the middle part of the crown since the beginning of the bud swelling until the cessation of laying primordial needles (May to September). The growing shoots are cut off after 2-3 days and were fixed in a mixture of alcohol and glycerin. For the start date of a stage, took the time when it was noted in not less than 30% of the buds. It is established that intrarenal development of vegetative organs from the native species P. abies was studied and introduced species of the genus Picea characterized by similar phases: rest, laying cover scales and laying primordial needles. Morphogenesis of vegetative buds of P. abies on the timing ahead of the development of the bud in the introduced species, which indicates a much greater insistence of the latter to temperature. The duration of the morphogenesis of the buds in all studied types varies slightly (days 131-137). However, the morphogenesis of vegetative buds of native species for 1-4 weeks ahead in terms of development of the buds in introduced species with a similarity of morphogenesis of the bud (P. abies and P. glauca), the value of the annual increment of the shoots is almost the same.

scholarly journals Several introduction aspects of herbaceous perennials representatives from the collection of Surgut State University Botanical Garden

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-151
Author(s):  
Irina N. Turbina ◽  
Inessa V. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
State University ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
The Family ◽  
Yellow Pigments ◽  
Generative Organs

The paper deals with the results of introduction studies of herbaceous perennials of the family Asteraceae Centaurea dealbata Willd., Helenium hoopesii Gray, Achillea filipendulina Lam; family Hemerocallidoideae Hemerocallis fulva L.; family Scrophulariaceae Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims in Surgut State University Botanical Garden. It has been established that their seasonal development is characterized by long vegetation; phenorithmotype has been identified as spring-summer-autumn-green, with a flowering period starting in late summer and autumn periods. The quantitative determination of pigments of the introduced species leaves has been carried out by a spectrophotometric method. As a result, it has been revealed that the pigment composition of the leaves of experimental perennials indicates their relatively high physiological status, species specificity and dependence on the phase of plants vegetation. It has been noted that the content of yellow pigments during the growing season was stable and several times inferior to the level of chlorophylls. An increase in the concentration of carotenoids and flavonoids of most of the experimental plants has been observed during the formation of generative organs and fruits ripening. The data obtained highlight the relevance of analyzed species as a source of decorative perennials stable in culture, characterized with long vegetation and flowering periods.

scholarly journals Phenology of Pentaphylloides representatives in the Mari El Republic

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Vitalievna Sukhareva ◽  
Svetlana Valer'evna Mukhametova ◽  
Tat'yana Yur'evna Zhelonkina
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
State University ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Ornamental Shrubs

Representatives of the genus Pentaphylloides are low ornamental shrubs that are valued for long abundant flowering, compact size and unpretentiousness to growing conditions. P. fruticosa is a valuable plant that has not only decorative value, but also food, medicinal, soil protection. For medicinal purposes, young flowering shoots are used, harvested during budding and flowering. The article presents the results of phenological observations in 2018-2020. The objects of the study were plants of 8 kinds of Pentaphylloides in the collection of the Botanical Garden-Institute of Volga State University of Technology (Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El Republic). The studied plants undergo most phases of seasonal development, with the exception of the mass end of shoot growth, complete lignification of shoots, mass ripening of fruits, mass leaf fall. Species and cultivars vegetated from the end of April – the beginning of May to the end of October in a short time. The vegetation period was 177-182 days. There was no significant difference in the timing of the passage of phenophases between the taxa. Plants of Р. × friedrichsenii and P. mandschurica passed most of the phenophases earlier than the average dates for the genus, and 'Goldfinger' and 'Klondike' – later. The earliest and longest flowering was characterized by P. friedrichsenii (65 d.), the latest and shortest – P. fruticosa (28 d.). All plants of P. fruticosa cultivars bloomed for a longer period than the species. After mass flowering, single flowers were observed in representatives of Pentaphyloides until mid-October.

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