Optimization of β-Fructofuranosidase Production from Agrowaste by Aspergillus carbonarius and Its Application in the Production of Inverted Sugar

Research background. Microbial β-fructofuranosidases are widely employed in food industry to produce inverted sugar or fructooligosaccharides. In this study, a newly isolated Aspergillus carbonarius PC-4 strain was used to optimize the β-fructofuranosidase production under a cost-effective process and the sucrose hydrolysis was evaluated to produce inverted sugars. Experimental approach. Optimization of nutritional components of culture medium was carried out using Simplex Lattice mixture design for 72 h and 120 h at 28 ˚C. One-Factor-at-a-time methodology was used to optimize the physicochemical parameters. Crude enzyme was used for sucrose hydrolysis at different concentrations. Results and conclusions. The optimized condition of enzyme production was pineapple crown waste (1.3 %, m/V) and yeast extract (0.3 %, m/V) for 72 h (9.4 U/mL), obtaining R² 91.85 %, R² adjusted 85.06 %, highest F value (13.52) and low p-value (0.003). One-factor-at-a-time used for optimizing the physicochemical conditions showed optimum temperature (20 ˚C), pH (5.5), agitation (180 rpm) and time-course (72 h) with an increase of 3.0-folds for enzyme production. The invertase-induced sucrose hydrolysis showed the maximum yield (3,451.7 µmols of reducing sugars) using 10 % of initial sucrose concentration. Higher sucrose concentrations caused inhibition of invertase activity, possibly due to saturation of substrate or formation of sucrose aggregates making it difficult for the enzyme to access sucrose molecules within the created clusters. So, a cost-effective method was developed for the invertase production using agroindustrial waste and the enzyme produced can be used efficiently for inverted sugar production at high sucrose concentration. Novelty and scientific contribution. This study presents an efficient utilization of pineapple crown wastes to produce invertase by a newly isolated Aspergillus carbonarius PC-4 strain. This enzyme exhibited a good potential for invert sugar production at high initial sucrose concentration, which is interesting for industrial applications.

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Effect of Different Levels of I.B.A Concentration on Clonal Propagation of Eucalyptus Species in Ghana West Africa.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-126050/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nana Yaw Sarpong ◽

Frank Ofori Agyemang ◽

Daniel E.K.A Siaw ◽

Essakku Menason

Keyword(s):

Butyric Acid ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Field Performance ◽

Cost Effective ◽

P Value ◽

Eucalyptus Species ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Four Levels

Abstract BackgroundIncreasing global wood demands have necessitated an overall push for cost-effective methods of vegetative propagation using cuttings. Vegetative plant propagation through cuttings although a breakthrough is mostly hampered with the inability of cuttings to root effectively to achieve maximum yield. Ten clones each of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla (E. grandis x E. urophylla) and Eucalyptus pellita (E. pellita) were treated with Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations of 0 ppm (control), 2000 ppm, 3000 ppm and 4000 ppm respectively.ResultsOverall mean survival of cuttings was low (< 50%) for all concentrations of IBA used in this research. Survival rates of individual clones however varied from clone to clone. E. grandis x E. urophylla cuttings had the highest mean survival (43.39%) when treated with 2000 ppm of IBA and lowest mean survival (37.86%) when treated with 0 ppm. Results from the survival rates of E. grandis × E. Urophylla and Eucalyptus pellita cuttings were subjected to an Analysis of Variance test to identify any significant differences between hormone concentration and cutting survival. ANOVA results indicated that differences between cutting–IBA concentrations for E. grandis × E. Urophylla were significant (p=1.85x10-08) which is lower than standard p value (p=0.05) used in the test.For E. pellita (P) cuttings the highest mean survival (27.14%) was achieved when treated with 2000 ppm of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Individual clones however showed significant differences in survival. E. pellita clone P2 achieved the highest survival (52.68%) in the control experiment (0 ppm). Some clones i.e P51 and P82 achieved survivals of less than 10% in all four levels of IBAConclusionThe best surviving Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla clone (GH11) achieved a mean survival rate of 75% when the GH11 basal cutting was treated with 2000 ppm IBA. The results indicated that the production of clones with survival rates of less than 20% should be discarded since it makes no economic sense clones with survival rates of more than 40% should be planted out in the field to compare field performance with greenhouse survival.

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Enhanced melanin pigment production from Dietzia schimae NM3 in cheese whey using Box-Behnken design

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22600/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sahar Eskandari ◽

Zahra Etemadifar

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Polymerization ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Optimization Method ◽

Melanin Pigment ◽

P Value ◽

Disk Diffusion Test ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Natural Substances ◽

Optimal Medium

Abstract Melanin is a natural, dark-brown complex molecular structure pigment formed by the oxidative polymerization of phenolic compounds. Microbial melanin pigment can be use in industrial fields, canned additives and preservatives. Optimization method is used to produce a quick and sufficient product with reliable and cost-effective processes. In this project, four factors (temperature, l-tyrosine, pH and CuSO4) affecting in melanin production by Dietzia schimae NM3 were optimized by response surface methodology with Box–Behnken design in inexpensive medium (whey powder). The anti-bacterial activity of D. schimae melanin was assayed by disk diffusion test. The optimal medium compositions were obtained in whey 5% (w/v), l-tyrosine 2.5 g/l, CuSO4 0.013 g/l, pH 10.5, and temperature 32 °C by maximum yield of 790 mg/l melanin pigment. The ANOVA results of RSM showed a significant P-value (0.0001), model F-value (78.84) and probability R² (0.98), with insignificant lack of fit (0.091). Melanin also showed antibacterial activity against gram-positive strains such as Bacillus cereus (20 mm), B. subtilis (18 mm), Streptococcus pyogenes (17 mm), Staphylococcus epidermidis (18 mm), and S. aureus (18 mm), which was comparable with amoxicillin (AMX) and cefotaxime (CTX) as control positives. We realized the ability of D. schimae melanin pigment as natural substances to be considered for industrial fields due to its biocompatibility and physicochemical properties.

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Haemoconcentration as a predictor of severity in acute pancreatitis

Journal of Kathmandu Medical College ◽

10.3126/jkmc.v4i1.15020 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 3-7

Author(s):

Tanka Prasad Bohara ◽

Dimindra Karki ◽

Anuj Parajuli ◽

Shail Rupakheti ◽

Mukund Raj Joshi

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve ◽

First Episode ◽

P Value ◽

Receiver Operator Characteristic ◽

Chi Square

Background: Acute pancreatitis is usually a mild and self-limiting disease. About 25 % of patients have severe episode with mortality up to 30%. Early identification of these patients has potential advantages of aggressive treatment at intensive care unit or transfer to higher centre. Several scoring systems are available to predict severity of acute pancreatitis but are cumbersome, take 24 to 48 hours and are dependent on tests that are not universally available. Haematocrit has been used as a predictor of severity of acute pancreatitis but some have doubted its role.Objectives: To study the significance of haematocrit in prediction of severity of acute pancreatitis.Methods: Patients admitted with first episode of acute pancreatitis from February 2014 to July 2014 were included. Haematocrit at admission and 24 hours of admission were compared with severity of acute pancreatitis. Mean, analysis of variance, chi square, pearson correlation and receiver operator characteristic curve were used for statistical analysis.Results: Thirty one patients were included in the study with 16 (51.61%) male and 15 (48.4%) female. Haematocrit at 24 hours of admission was higher in severe acute pancreatitis (P value 0.003). Both haematocrit at admission and at 24 hours had positive correlation with severity of acute pancreatitis (r: 0.387; P value 0.031 and r: 0.584; P value 0.001) respectively.Area under receiver operator characteristic curve for haematocrit at admission and 24 hours were 0.713 (P value 0.175, 95% CI 0.536 - 0.889) and 0.917 (P value 0.008, 95% CI 0.813 – 1.00) respectively.Conclusion: Haematocrit is a simple, cost effective and widely available test and can predict severity of acute pancreatitis.Journal of Kathmandu Medical College, Vol. 4(1) 2015, 3-7

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Clinical Outcome of Autologous Serum Therapy in Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.3126/jnhrc.v15i1.18018 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 71-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dharmendra Karn ◽

Shekhar KC

Keyword(s):

Skin Prick Test ◽

Chronic Urticaria ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria ◽

Autologous Serum ◽

P Value ◽

Prick Test ◽

H1 Antihistamines ◽

Serum Therapy

Background: Quality of life in chronic idiopathic urticaria is hampered as efficacy of H1-antihistamines is limited. Autologous serum containing tolerance-generating anti-idiotype antibodies is a novel and cost-effective therapy. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of autologous serum therapy (AST) among chronic urticaria patients with autologous skin prick test positive and negative status.Methods: Untreated 102 patients of chronic urticaria were enrolled in a non-randomized interventional study. Patients were categorized into two groups based on autologous serum skin prick test as test positive (ASST +) and test negative (ASST -). Patients were then treated with intramuscular injection of 0.05ml per kg body weight of autologous serum weekly for 10 weeks. Urticaria activity scoring (UAS) tool was used for quantification of the symptoms. Weekly recording of UAS (range: 0-42) was made before the therapy (baseline) and during the therapy for 10 weeks.Results: Significant improvement with AST in the mean UAS was noted from baseline to 10 weeks in both the group of patients (14.6 ± 6.3 and 10.2 ± 5.1 for ASST+ group; 16.9 ± 7.8 and 8.6 ± 4.8 for ASST- group; at baseline and 10 weeks, respectively (p-value for both <0.05)). However no statistical significance was found while comparing the efficacy of the therapy against ASST + and ASST - Groups (p-value > 0.05).Conclusions: Irrespective of autologous skin prick test results, autologous serum therapy showed significant improvement in patients with chornic idiopathic urticaria. AST can, thus, be an effective treatment modality for it.

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFICACY, POTENCY AND RECOVERY OF INTRATHECAL 0.5% ROPIVACAINE WITH FENTANYLAND 0.5% LEVOBUPIVACAINE WITH FENTANYL IN LOWER ABDOMINAL SURGERIES IN PATIENTS OF 18-60YEARS OF AGE

10.36106/ijsr/6220134 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 74-76

Author(s):

Payel Mitra ◽

Archana Roy ◽

Aamir Huda

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Motor Block ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Outpatient Setting ◽

P Value ◽

Equal Concentration ◽

Medical College ◽

Institutional Ethics ◽

Care Surgery

INTRODUCTION:The recent trend in health care centres everywhere is to provide cost effective care to the patients. There is an increasing trend towards ambulatory day care surgery and rapid discharge of the patients. The operation of inguinal hernia or incisional hernia and even simple ligation surgeries are done without much complexities nowadays and can be completed in 60-90min without much intra or postoperative complications. Hence these have become an ideal procedure for outpatient setting and thereby reducing length of hospital stay. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE:A comparative study of efcacy, potency and recovery of intrathecal 0.5% ropivacaine with fentanyl and 0.5% levobupivacaine with fentanyl in lower abdominal surgeries in patients of 18-60years of age. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This is a prospective, comparative, observational study was conducted on 60 patients undergoing various lower abdominal surgeries under subarachnoid block (SAB) at Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal. This study was conducted over a period of 24-month. Approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee was taken. Awritten informed consent in the local language was taken from every patient. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: In RF 5 patients (17%) had onset at 3min, 17patients (57%) at 6min, 7 patients (23%) at 9min, 1 patient (3%) at 12min. In LBF 8 patients had onset at 0 min, 22 patients had onset at 3min. p value is less than 0.0001 which is statistically signicant. In RF, 23 patients (77%) had duration of motor block for 150min and 7 patients (23%) had for 180min. In LBF, 26 patients (87%) had duration of motor block for 210 min and 4 patients (13%) had for 180min. The p value is less than 0.0001, which is statistically signicant. SUMMARYAND CONCLUSION: This study was to compare potency, efcacy and recovery between the two groups of drugs. A potency of a drug is a measure of drug activity expressed in terms of the amount required to produce an effect of given intensity. Here both the drugs in comparison was given in equal concentration and found that levobupivacaine produced higher effect, reached Bromage 3 in lesser time than ropivacaine. So levobupivacaine was more potent drug. Efcacy is the ability to get a job done satisfactorily

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Inverted sugar syrup attained from sucrose hydrolysis using a membrane reactor

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1590/s1984-82502010000300022 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 571-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ester Junko Tomotani ◽

Michele Vitolo

Keyword(s):

Membrane Reactor ◽

Feeding Rate ◽

Sucrose Solution ◽

Sucrose Concentration ◽

Sucrose Hydrolysis ◽

Variable Parameters ◽

Sugar Syrup ◽

State Duration ◽

Styrene Divinylbenzene ◽

A Cell

Invertase, whether adsorbed on styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers or otherwise, was used for continuous sucrose hydrolysis using a cell-type membrane reactor (CTMR), coupled with an ultra (UF-100kDa), or a microfiltration (MF- pore diameter of 5 µm) membrane. In all tests, the pH (5.5), temperature (30 ºC), reaction volume (10 mL) and agitation (100 rpm) were set constant; whereas, variable parameters were: feeding rate (0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 h-1), inlet sucrose concentration (2.5, 6.5, 50 and 100 mM) and enzyme/resin ratio (1.64 mg or 3.28 mg of protein per 25, 50 or 100 mg of resin). The best result (yield of 100%, steady-state duration over 20h and specific reaction rate over 243 x 10-3 mmol/h.mE) was obtained when insoluble invertase (1.64 mg protein/100 mg resin) was used to convert 50 mM or 100 mM of sucrose solution at 0.4 h-1 using a UF-CTMR.

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Expression and molecular regulation of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase after renal ischemia

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1994.267.1.f75 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 267 (1) ◽

pp. F75-F85 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

S. K. Van Why ◽

A. S. Mann ◽

T. Ardito ◽

N. J. Siegel ◽

M. Kashgarian

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Production ◽

Time Course ◽

Apical Membrane ◽

Proximal Tubules ◽

Renal Ischemia ◽

Beta Subunit ◽

Molecular Regulation ◽

Beta Subunits ◽

Renal Epithelia ◽

Subunit Mrna

Renal ischemia causes redistribution of Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase) to the apical membrane of proximal tubules. We determined the time course of regeneration of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase polarity and sought evidence of increased enzyme production during recovery as a means to restore polarity. Anesthetized rats underwent 45 min renal ischemia and reflow of 15 min, 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h. Immunofluorescent and electron microscopy showed loss of strict basolateral localization of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase at 15 min reflow with repolarization by 24 h in sublethally injured cells. Both alpha 1- and beta-subunits were only in microsomal fractions at all reflow intervals. Immunodetectable levels of both subunits declined to 60-70% of control by 24 h reflow. Levels of mRNA for each subunit declined in parallel through 24 h to 55% of control. Overall transcription was profoundly depressed through 6 h but had recovered to near control by 24 h. Specific transcription of alpha 1- and beta-subunit mRNA was markedly decreased after ischemia and only partially recovered by 24 h. These results suggest that recycling of misplaced units rather than new Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase production is the means by which renal epithelia initially repolarize after ischemic injury.

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EFFICACY OF LATERAL WEDGING IN FOOTWEAR IN MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OSTEOARTHRITIS KNEE

10.36106/paripex/8300399 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Suman Badhal ◽

U. Singh ◽

S. L Yadav ◽

Gita Handa

Keyword(s):

Intervention Group ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Medial Compartment ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Rank Test ◽

P Value ◽

Knee Oa ◽

The Mean ◽

Group B

INTRODUCTION: In Knee osteoarthritis (OA) Shoe modifications, such as lateral-wedge insoles or shock absorbing shoes with insoles, have been recommended for conservative therapy of mild knee OA but with little objective data on Indian patients. OBJECTIVE : this prospective study was done to study the effect of lateral heel sole wedging (insole) in the patients of OA of knee (medial compartment) and its relation to function,pain and stiffness parameters status on VAS and WOMAC scale and to see the requirement of the number of Aceclofenac tablets. METHODS: 60 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled and divided into intervention group A (30) and nonintervention Group B (30) with random allocation.Paired t-test,Wilcoxon sign rank test and Man Whitney U test were applied at significant p-value of <0.05%. RESULTS: the reduction of mean difference in pain on VAS and WOMAC scale, improvement in Mean difference in function parameters the mean reduction of pain in standing/ walking,bending and ascending/descending at WOMAC scale was significantly higher in intervention group. Also the mean reduction in the need for aceclofenac was significantly lower in intervention group evident from fourth week onward to fifth and sixth week.Conclusion:The lateral wedging in shoes in medial joint osteoarthritis is beneficial and it can be cost-effective conservative treatment modalities in early osteoarthritis patients, particularly in developing countries as it can reduces the requirement of NSAIDS and improve functional level of patients by reducing pain in various activities.

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Bioremediation of Some Reactive Dyes Commonly used in Fabric Re-dyeing by Chlorella vulgaris

Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology ◽

10.9734/ajee/2021/v15i430233 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10-19

Author(s):

Zainab M. Sani ◽

Aisha S. Dalhatu ◽

Baha’uddeen S. Adam ◽

Kasim Mohammed ◽

Yusuf Y. Muhammad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Dye Removal ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Reactive Dyes ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Textile Wastewater ◽

Cost Effective ◽

P Value ◽

Wastewater Samples ◽

Reactive Green 19

Aim: The work was aimed at assessing the potential of Chlorella vulgaris in remediation of reactive dyes. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria, between January 2019 and December 2019. Methodology: Wastewater containing individual reactive dyes: reactive red 198 (RR198), reactive yellow 176 (RY176), reactive green 19 (RG19), reactive orange 122 (RO122), reactive red 195 (RR195) and reactive violet 1 (RV1) were collected from a local fabric re-dyeing pit at Kofar Na’isa, Kano, Nigeria. The green microalga C. vulgaris was cultured in Bold Basal medium (BBM) at 30 ± 2°C and subjected to adsorption and decolourization assays of the dyes. Results: The highest dye removal efficiency by enzymatic action was recorded after 48 hours, while that for the biomass adsorption was at day 14, at pH 11.3 and temperature of 30°C. The percentage dye removal by adsorption and decolourization were within the ranges of 68.1-97.8% and 69.8-99.9% respectively. Dye removal decreased with increase in contact time until saturation is attained. Freundlich’s isotherm model was best fitted for the adsorption of the dyes with a strong linear correlation coefficient, R2 ranging from 0.954-0.811. There was a strong linear relationship and high statistical significance among the dyes for both decolourization and adsorption (P value; .01). Conclusion: Chlorella vulgaris was found to be effective in the removal of reactive dyes from textile wastewater samples. The results revealed C. vulgaris to be a cost-effective and eco-friendly biosorbent that can be used for the treatment of wastewaters containing toxic dyes.

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A comparative study of low doses of intrathecal ketamine and midazolam with bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in infraumbilical surgeries

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20190963 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 197

Author(s):

Rajabhushanam M. ◽

Sunil Kumar K. ◽

Syed Ali Aasim ◽

Venkatesh S.

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Analgesia ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Spinal Block ◽

P Value ◽

Sensory Level ◽

Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽

First Choice ◽

Mean Time

Background: Infra-umbilical surgeries may be performed under local, regional (spinal or epidural) or general anaesthesia, spinal block is still a first choice, because of its rapid onset, high quality of blockade, lack of catheter related infection, less failure rate and also cost effective but the duration of block and postoperative analgesia is limited. The purpose of study was to compare the efficacy of adding ketamine to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with midazolam to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in elective infraumbilical procedures.Methods: A randomized, single blinded, clinical study. 60 subjects were enrolled from the patients presenting for elective infraumbilical surgeries after following the inclusion and exclusion criteria laid down for the study. Sixty ASA Grade I and II patients undergoing infra umbilical surgeries were randomly divided into one of the two equal groups (n=30).Results: Total 60 patients were included in this study. The mean time to achieve T10 sensory level and modified bromage scale III was prolonged in group M (4.33±1.09, 6.66±1.26 min) as compared to group K (3.3±0.7, 4.96±1.21 min) which was statistically significant (P value <0.05).Conclusions: The present study concludes that addition of intrathecal midazolam to hyperbaric bupivacaine provide very good and prolonged post-operative analgesia without significant intra-operative and post-operative side effects compared to intrathecal ketamine.

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