scholarly journals The 2015-2016 epidemic season in Russia and the world: Circulation of influenza viruses, trends in incidence, clinical aspects, and treatment algorithm

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
D K Lvov ◽  
L V Kolobukhina ◽  
E I Burtseva ◽  
I S Kruzhkova ◽  
N A Malyshev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
The Russian Federation

In the 2015—2016 epidemic season, there were dominant influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strains (over 90%) among the circulating influenza viruses in most countries of the Northern Hemisphere and in Russia. A study of the antigenic properties of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strains revealed no differences in those of vaccine virus. Sequencing showed that there were amino acid substitutions in hemagglutinin (receptor binding and Sa sites) and in the genes encoding internal proteins (PA, NP, M1, and NS1). The rise in the incidence in the Russian Federation, which was etiologically associated with influenza viruses, was registered in January-February 2016 with its maximum being observed at 4—5 weeks of 2016. Within the framework of the epidemiological surveillance of circulating influenza viruses in the Russian Federation, which was conducted by the WHO European Office, the D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia, and the Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of Russia, monitored at the Infectious Diseases Hospital One (IDH-1), Moscow Healthcare Department. Among 1491 examinees, influenza was verified in 104 (21.3%) adults, 208 (42.5%) pregnant women, and 177 (36.2%) children. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was more often diagnosed in the age group of 15—40 years (63.7%); the proportion of influenza patients aged over 50 years increased (22.1%). Most adult patients had moderate influenza; pneumonia complicated the disease in 27.4%. Influenza in the pregnant women was complicated by pneumonia in 4.8% of cases. Influenza was more frequently diagnosed in infants and preschool children aged 0 to 3 years (42.9%), 4 to 6 years (41.2%), and older (15.9%), namely: 7—9 years (10%) and 10—12 years (5.9%). Influenza in the children was complicated by acute tonsillitis (19.4%) and varying degrees of laryngeal stenosis (12.4%). Bronchial obstructive syndrome developed in 2.5%, the rate of pneumonia was 6.2%. Antiviral therapy (AVT) in the early stages of the disease reduces the risk of its severity, the frequency of secondary complications, and the duration and degree of clinical symptoms of influenza. AVT with oseltamivir, zanamivir, imidazolyl ethanamide pentandioic acid (ingavirin), and interferon-a2b (viferon) has been performed in the patients hospitalized at Moscow IDH-1 in the 2015—2016 epidemic season.

scholarly journals Virological, epidemiological, clinic, and molecular genetic features of the influenza epidemic in 2015-2016: prevailing of the influenza A(H1N1)09 pdm virus in Russia and countries of the Northern hemisphere

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
D. K. Lvov ◽  
E. I. Burtseva ◽  
L. V. Kolobukhina ◽  
I. T. Fedyakina ◽  
E. S. Kirillova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
The Russian Federation

This work describes the specific features of the influenza virus circulating in the period from October 2015 to March 2016 in 10 cities of Russia, the basic laboratories of CEEI at the D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology “Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The increase in the morbidity caused by influenza viruses was detected in January-February 2016. The duration of the morbidity peak was 4-5 weeks. The most vulnerable group included children at the age from 3 to 6; a high rate of hospitalization was also detected among people at the age of 15-64 (65%). In clinic symptoms there were middle and severe forms with high frequency of hospitalization as compared with the season of 2009-2010, but much higher in comparison with the season of 2014-2015. Some of the hospitalized patients had virus pneumonias, half of which were bilateral. Among these patients, 10% were children; 30%, adults. The mortality in the intensive care unit of the hospital was 46%. Almost all lethal cases were among unvaccinated patients in the case of late hospitalization and without early antiviral therapy. The predominance of the influenza A(H1N1)09pdm virus both in the Russian Federation and the major part of the countries in the Northern hemisphere was noted. The results of the study of the antigenic properties of influenza strains of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus did not reveal any differences with respect to the vaccine virus. The sequencing data showed the amino acid substitutions in hemagglutinin (receptor binding and Sa sites) and in genes encoding internal proteins (PA, NP, M1, NS1). Strains were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir and maintained resistance to rimantadine. The participation of non-influenza ARI viruses was comparable to that in preliminary epidemic seasons.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR AND GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACE AND NONSTRUCTURE PROTEINS OF PANDEMIC INFLUENZA VIRUSES A(H1N1)PDM09 IN 2015-2016 EPIDEMIC SEASON

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
O. Smutko ◽  
L. Radchenko ◽  
A. Mironenko
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Ns1 Protein ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

The aim of the present study was identifying of molecular and genetic changes in hemaglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) and non-structure protein (NS1) genes of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strains, that circulated in Ukraine during 2015-2016 epidemic season. Samples (nasopharyngeal swabs from patients) were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). Phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA 7 software. 3D structures were constructed in Chimera 1.11.2rc software. Viruses were collected in 2015-2016 season fell into genetic group 6B and in two emerging subgroups, 6B.1 and 6B.2 by gene of HA and NA. Subgroups 6B.1 and 6B.2 are defined by the following amino acid substitutions. In the NS1 protein were identified new amino acid substitutions D2E, N48S, and E125D in 2015-2016 epidemic season. Specific changes were observed in HA protein antigenic sites, but viruses saved similarity to vaccine strain. NS1 protein acquired substitution associated with increased virulence of the influenza virus.

Population immunity for influenza in population of Sverdlovsk Region in epidemic season of 2018–2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
I. A. Malchikov ◽  
A. V. Slobodenyuk ◽  
I. V. Vyalykh ◽  
A. Yu. Markaran ◽  
Yu. V. Grigorieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Epidemic Period

Donor blood serum was tested to detect antibodies against circulating influenza viruses. The titer of specific antibodies was determined in the hemagglutination inhibition test (RTGA) against influenza viruses A/California/07/09(H1N1) pdm09, A/HongKong/4801/14(H3N2) and B/Brisben/46/15. In the pre-epidemic period 2018–2019, the immune layer of people with conditionally protective titers of antiviral antibodies was detected in terms of the lowest to A(H3N2) virus (50.0 %), the highest to influenza B (85.4 %). In the post-epidemic season of 2018–2019, the immune layer to influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus did not change significantly, which could indicate the preservation of the activity of this virus in the adult population; an increase in the immune layer of individuals with protective titers of antibodies to influenza A(H3N2) – 67.4 % and a decrease in influenza B virus – 49.2 %. A comparison of the results of laboratory data carried out in the pre- and post-epidemic seasons revealed significant differences in the number of people with average antibody titers against influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals The Attitude of Pregnant Women and Health Workers for Influenza Vaccination

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Briko ◽  
T. S. Saltykova ◽  
A. N. Gerasimov ◽  
A. A. Pozdnyakov ◽  
E. B. Brusina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Information Work

Influenza and ARVI - the main nosological form in structure of all infectious diseases. Influenza is especially dangerous to pregnant women. Purpose: to estimate commitment of pregnant women and health workers to vaccination against influenza. Materials and methods: form No. 5, form of the statistical account No. 1 - influenza the section 1, information from the official site of Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific Research Institute of influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; materials of various conferences and the congresses on a influenza problem, information and analytical reference of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. There were asked 1126 pregnant women on various durations of gestation and 447 health workers in various territories of the Russian Federation. Statistical processing was carried out with use of the Microsoft Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 programs. Results and discussion: Among the interviewed pregnant women planned or were already vaccinated against influenza only 8% of women. The most frequent causes of failure from vaccination against influenza during pregnancy: doubt in safety (41.8%), ignorance about possibilities of vaccination (21,1%), lack of need for vaccination (18,7%). Only 25% of respondents knew about entering vaccination against influenza during pregnancy into a national calendar. At the same time only in 15% of health workers suggested pregnant women to be vaccinated from influenza. 73% of the interviewed health workers didn't recommend vaccination against influenza to pregnant women because they consider undesirable an intervention in immunity of the pregnant woman, 33% doubt in safety of vaccination, 13% don't know about a possibility of vaccination of pregnant women at all, 6% have personal negative experience of vaccination, and 4% don't see need for vaccination from influenza. Conclusion: the received materials showed need of development of knowledge at health workers of a vaccinal prevention of infectious diseases, including also vaccination against influenza during pregnancy, and also to carry out broad and active information work with the population, attracting mass media.

scholarly journals Y155H amino acid substitution in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses does not confer a phenotype of reduced susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
U Perez-Sautu ◽  
F Pozo ◽  
I Cuesta ◽  
S Monzon ◽  
A Calderon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Substitution ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Neuraminidase Inhibitors ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

The Y155H amino acid substitution in the neuraminidase gene (NA) has previously been associated with highly reduced inhibition by neuraminidase inhibitors in the seasonal H1N1 influenza A virus which circulated in humans before the 2009 pandemic. During the 2012/13 epidemic season in Spain, two A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses bearing the specific Y155H substitution in the NA were detected and isolated from two patients diagnosed with severe respiratory syndrome and pneumonia requiring admission to the intensive care unit. Contrary to what was observed in the seasonal A(H1N1) viruses, neither of the Y155H A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses described here showed a phenotype of reduced inhibition by NAIs as determined by the neuraminidase enzyme inhibition assay (MUNANA). High-throughput sequencing of the NA of both Y155H viruses showed that they were composed to >99% of H155 variants. We believe that this report can contribute to a better understanding of the biological significance of amino acid substitutions in the neuraminidase protein with regard to susceptibility of influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors. This is of critical importance for optimal management of influenza disease patients.

scholarly journals On the Occasion of the Anniversary of Ivan I. Dedov

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Article Editorial
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Famous Scientist ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Russian Association ◽  
Inspiring Ideas

On February 12, 2021, endocrinologists of our country celebrate the anniversary of Ivan Ivanovich Dedov, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, President of the Endocrinology Research Centre, President of the Russian Association of Endocrinologists, chief freelance expert-endocrinologist of the Ministry of Health of Russia Ivan Ivanovich Dedov — a famous scientist who plays a key role in the organization and ideology of the country’s endocrinological service. The editorial board and editorial board of the journal «Clinical and Experimental Thyroidology» join the numerous congratulations addressed to Academician I.I. Dedov, wishing to continue to constantly implement his inspiring ideas and plans.

scholarly journals Clinical aspects of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases reported during the pandemic in Brazil, 2009-2010

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Érika Valeska Rossetto ◽  
Expedito José de Albuquerque Luna
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Women Health ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Common Sign

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the clinical aspects of cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Brazil. Methods: A descriptive study of cases reported in Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), 2009-2010. Results: As the final classification, we obtained 53,797 (56.79%) reported cases confirmed as a new influenza virus subtype, and 40,926 (43.21%) cases discarded. Fever was the most common sign, recorded in 99.74% of the confirmed and 98.92% of the discarded cases. Among the confirmed cases, the presence of comorbidities was reported in 32.53%, and in 38.29% of the discarded cases. The case fatality rate was 4.04%; 3,267 pregnant women were confirmed positive for influenza A new viral subtype and 2,730 of them were cured. The case fatality rate of pregnant women was 6.88%. Conclusion: The findings suggested concern of the health system with pregnant women, and patients with comorbidities and quality of care may have favored a lower mortality. We recommend that, when caring for patients with severe respiratory symptoms, with comorbidities, or pregnant women, health professionals should consider the need for hospital care, as these factors make up a worse prognosis of infection by the pandemic influenza virus.

scholarly journals The Situation for Influenza in the World in Summer 2015 and the Preliminary Forecast for the Upcoming Season 2015 - 2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
O. L. Kiselev ◽  
L. S. Karpova ◽  
M. Yu. Pelih ◽  
A. Yu. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Influenza Outbreak ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Virus Influenza

The analysis of the spatial-temporal distribution of influenza data weekly to WHO data in the summer of 2015 in the countries of the Southern and Northern hemispheres It is shown that in the Southern hemisphere registered a moderate influenza epidemics in Oceania and South Africa and local and regional outbreaks. In the Northern hemisphere was registered to the local influenza outbreak and sporadic morbidity. The main causative agent of the influenza was virus influenza B, except Asia, where the predominant influenza A(H3N2). In the Northern hemisphere the proportion of influenza was greater, than in the South. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 were detected mainly in Africa and S. America. Antigenic analyses of influenza viruses revealed the circulation in Canada of strain B/Massachusetts/2/2012 (Yamagata line) (69.7%) and A/Switzerland/9715293/2013(H3N2) (8.6%), while in N. Zealand - B/ Phuket/3073/2013(Yamagata line) (45%) and strain A/Switzerland/9715293/2013(H3N2) (24.8%). Virus A(H1N1)pdm09 was represented by the strain A/California/7/2009 in both countries. In the epidemic season 2015 - 2016 will continue circulation previously identified influenza viruses, but we cannot exclude the possibility of emergence of new strains of influenza viruses. In Russia you can expect a mixed epidemic (A(H3N2), A(H1N1)pdm09 and B) moderate intensity at the usual time (in the second half of January).

scholarly journals SUMMARY OF INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES DETECTED AND CHARACTERIZED IN RUSSIA DURING 2017–2018 SEASON

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-488
Author(s):  
A. A. Sominina ◽  
D. M. Danilenko ◽  
A. B. Komissarov ◽  
A. V. Fadeev ◽  
M. M. Pisareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
The Impact

Abstract.The influenza season 2017–2018 started significantly later compared to the five previous seasons. Influenza epidemic lasted for 12 weeks (weeks 6–17), was of moderate intensity and 10,4% of the population of the country was involved with children aged 0–2 and 3–6 years being the most affected groups as usually. The average hospitalization rate of patients with ILI and ARI was 2,6% and was the highest in infants aged 0–2 years (5,4%). The number of influenzaassociated deaths was two times higher this season compared to 2016–2017 which can be attributed to the circulation of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses that still is the major cause of lethal influenza outcomes in the country. A total 72 759 patients were investigated by RT-PCR in 55 collaborating RBLs. Laboratory confirmed influenza (LCI) was detected in 12 149 (20.7%) cases, of which 39.3% were influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, 29.6% were A(H3N2) and 31.1% influenza B (Yamagata lineage) viruses. The first cases of influenza viruses were detected at the very beginning of the season (weeks 40–45.2017), however a distinct increase in the rate of detection was registered only from the week 2.2018 with the peak on the week 13–14.2018 and subsequent gradual decline up to the end of the season. The certain differences in the etiology of morbidity between Federal Districts were registered. The impact of influenza and other ARI agents in different stage of epidemic was determined. In the pre-epidemic period, the incidence growth was occurred mainly due to ARI agents (about 32,7%), especially due to rhinoviruses (RhV) and RSV (10.2 and 8.0% cases, respectively) while LCI were registered in 3.4% only. During the epidemic, the rate of LCI detection increased up to 29.2% at simultaneous decrease in frequency of parainfluenza, adenovirus, bocavirus, coronavirus and, especially, rhinoviruses, to a lesser extent RSV infection. In the post-epidemic period, the role of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and В viruses decreased up to 6.1; 6.9 and 3.6%, respectively, with increase of rhinoviruses (9.5% of diseases). Genetic analysis of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses circulating in 2017–2018 season showed that all analyzed viruses by the structure of surface genes encoding antigenic determinants, in difference from influenza B viruses, corresponded to the vaccine strains recommended by WHO for the Northern Hemisphere for 2017–2018 epidemic season. However, significant changes in the internal genes of circulating viruses were revealed. The control of the susceptibility of 316 influenza A and B viruses to antiviral drugs showed that the absolute majority of them (99.7%) retained their susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors.

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