scholarly journals Some Causes and Conditions of Manifest Excesses of Authority by Penitentiary Employees: Unlawful Acts Against Inmates

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 772-781
Author(s):  
Nikolay Shuruhnov ◽  
Nikolay Mereckiy ◽  
Vladimir Ishigeev
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Future State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Detention Facilities

The authors examine the legal preconditions and the actual grounds for the specific relations between the representatives of penitentiary administration and persons serving sentences or persons remanded in custody. They point out some causes for the antagonism of these groups and pay attention to historical documents containing ethical and legal norms that prescribe benevolent relations between citizens in different legal and actual conditions. Thus, the authors discuss some clauses of the Manifest on Duels of April 21, 1787 and the Instruction to the Regional Supervisors of the Prison Castle of April 9, 1831 prepared by the members of the Council of the Ministry of the Interior in Tsarist Russia. They also comment on some norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal Laws and instructions, according to which the work of officials in the penitentiary system is based on the principles of legality, humanism, and respect for human rights. The authors draw attention to human rights protected by international and inter-continental legal documents, and the observance of inmates’ human rights by administrations of temporary detention facilities, pre-trial detention facilities, pre-trial detention regime wards, and correctional institutions. It is noted that this observance is controlled by different authorized agencies. The authors present statistical data for different periods that reflect the number of cases of justified use of physical force and special devices by penitentiary administrations against persons held in isolation, the number of cases of unlawful acts of officers against inmates, as well as the number of initiated criminal cases. They enumerate and thoroughly examine the causes of unlawful use of physical force and special devices against inmates. Some of the presented causes are proved by the analysis of specific criminal cases, courts’ verdicts, and analytical reports of Russian Federal Penitentiary Service. The authors attempt to present a brief prediction of the causes and conditions that will influence the future state of this problem.

THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF THE USE OF PHYSICAL FORCE AND SPECIAL MEANS BY PENAL OFFICERS OF THE PENITENTIARY SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
Кристина Александровна Насреддинова ◽  
Иван Алексеевич Сластунин
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Correctional Institution ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Special Means ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Detention Facilities

Статья посвящена рассмотрению проблем правомерности применения сотрудниками исправительных учреждений и следственных изоляторов физической силы и специальных средств. Актуальность данной темы не вызывает сомнения, так как при применении физической силы и специальных средств осуществляется посягательство на жизнь и здоровье осужденных (обвиняемых и подозреваемых), а ценность данных общественных отношений подлежит безусловной защите, что закреплено и в Конституции РФ, и в Уголовном кодексе РФ. С другой стороны, любой сотрудник исправительного учреждения или следственного изолятора обладает профессиональной виктимностью в связи с осуществлением своих должностных полномочий, связанных с обеспечением безопасности лиц, находящихся в исправительных учреждениях и следственных изоляторах. Соответственно каждый день он сам может стать жертвой насильственного преступления, совершенного уже по отношению к нему. Поэтому выработка знаний, умений и навыков у сотрудников УИС по правомерному применению физической силы и специальных средств является важной задачей, которая стоит перед Федеральной службой исполнения наказания на сегодняшний день. В статье проанализированы официальные статистические данные о количестве фактов применения физической силы и специальных средств сотрудниками УИС, а также о количестве случаев привлечения их к уголовной ответственности за данные деяния. Кроме того, исследованы случаи, когда сотрудники вынуждены безусловно применить физическую силу или специальные средства, а именно факты совершения против них преступлений, предусмотренных ст. 321 УК РФ. Анализ статических данных, а также уголовных дел, научной литературы, правоприменительной практики позволил представить основные детерминанты неправомерного применения физической силы и специальных средств сотрудниками УИС и обобщить основные меры профилактики: предложены как организационно-управленческие решения рассматриваемой проблемы, так и меры, направленные на совершенствование механизма реализации существующих правовых норм, которые регламентируют основания и порядок применения физической силы и специальных средств. The article is devoted to the problems of legality of the use of physical force and special means by penal officers of correctional institutions and pre-trial detention facilities. The urgency of this topic doesn’t cast doubt, as the use of physical force and special means endangers the life and well-being of convicted (accused and suspected) persons. And the values of these public relations are subject to absolute protection that is enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. On the other hand, any penal officer of a correctional institution or pre-trial detention facility has enhanced professional victimization from the performance of their official powers related to ensuring the safety of persons in correctional institutions and pre-trial detention facilities. As a consequence, every day he can become a victim of a violent crime committed against him. Therefore, the development of knowledge, skills and abilities of the employees of the penitentiary system on the legal use of physical force and special means is an important task facing the Federal penitentiary service of Russia today. The article analyzes official statistical data that make it possible to understand the number of facts of the use of physical force and special means by employees of the penitentiary system, as well as the number of cases of bringing them to criminal responsibility for these acts. In addition, we analyzed cases when employees are forced to use physical force or special means, namely, the facts of committing crimes against them under article 321 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Statistical data analysis as well as criminal cases, scientific literature, law enforcement practice is allowed to present the main determinants of unlawful use of physical force and special means by the staff of the Penal System and summarize the main measures of prevention. Both organizational and managerial solutions to the problem under consideration were proposed, as well as measures aimed at improving the mechanism for implementing existing legal norms that regulate the grounds and procedure for the use of physical force and special means.

Characteristics of convicts serving sentences in correctional institutions of russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Любовь Ильинична Разбирина
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Criminal Records ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

В статье приведены данные уголовно-правовой характеристики осужденных, отбывающих наказание в виде лишения свободы в Российской Федерации. Цель исследования заключается в том, чтобы показать влияние изменений в уголовной политике государства на изменение численности осужденных, распределение их в зависимости от квалификации совершенных преступлений, по количеству судимостей, назначенному сроку наказания в виде лишения свободы и по другим показателям. Установлено, что произошли существенные изменения в распределении осужденных в зависимости от числа судимостей и по срокам назначенного судом наказания, в распределении по видам исправительных учреждений. Анализ статистических данных ФСИН России демонстрирует, что в исследуемый период значительно возросла доля женщин, осужденных к лишению свободы, а численность несовершеннолетних осужденных сократилась в несколько раз, существенно возросли доля осужденных за преступления, связанные с незаконным оборотом наркотиков, и численность осужденных на срок наказания свыше 10 лет лишения свободы, а также произошли другие изменения. Знание и учет особенностей уголовно-правовой характеристики осужденных в деятельности научных и практических работников будет способствовать повышению эффективности деятельности уголовно-исполнительной системы в решении задач по исправлению осужденных и предупреждению совершения новых преступлений как осужденными, так и иными лицами, - достижении основных целей уголовно-исполнительного законодательства Российской Федерации. The article presents the data of criminal-legal characteristics of convicts serving a sentence of imprisonment in the Russian Federation. The aim of the study is to show the impact of changes in the criminal policy of the state on changes in the number of convicts, their distribution depending on the qualification of the crimes committed, the number of convictions, the appointed term of imprisonment and other criteria. As a result of the conducted researches it is established that there were essential changes in distribution condemned depending on number of criminal records and on terms of the punishment appointed by court, in distribution by types of correctional facilities and other indicators. The analysis of statistical data of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia reflects the fact that during the study period the proportion of women sentenced to imprisonment increased significantly, and the number of juvenile convicts decreased several times, the proportion of those convicted of crimes related to drug trafficking and the number of those sentenced to more than 10 years of imprisonment, as well as other changes. Knowledge and consideration of the features of the social and legal characteristics of convicts in the activities of researchers and practitioners will contribute to improving the efficiency of the penal system in solving problems of correction of convicts and preventing the Commission of new crimes by both convicts and other persons, which is the main objectives of the Penal legislation of the Russian Federation.

Reasons to escape from a place of detention by convicts with the right of movement without convoy

2021 ◽  
pp. 525-526
Author(s):  
Nikita V. Cheremin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Large Material ◽  
The Right ◽  
Criminological Analysis

Dedicated to a topical topic for the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the PS of the Russian Federation) – increasing the level of security, which is considered in the framework of a criminological analysis of the reasons for escaping from places of detention by a particularly considered category of convicts who are granted the right to travel without an convoy or escort. The commission of such a crime as es-cape not only disorganizes the activities of institutions executing punishment in the form of imprisonment, but also endangers public safety. The actions of the penitentiary system to organize a special operation to search for and arrest escaped criminals requires large material and physical costs. All this speaks of the relevance of the study, which can help in organizing preventive measures to prevent escapes. The purpose of the study was achieved by analyzing the criminal and penal legislation of the Russian Federation, analyzing official statistics, questioning and interviewing the heads of correctional institutions of the PS of the Russian Federation, as well as the special contingent; analysis of some decisions in criminal cases related to Article 313 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation for the period 2010–2020. As a result of the study, the characteristic reasons (objective and subjective) of the escapes of the investigated group of convicts were revealed, features are identified, which will allow in the future to organize preventive measures aimed at preventing and preventing escapes among convicts, who were allowed by the administration of the institution to have the right to leave the correctional institutions in order to economic service.

Forced to sexual activities: legal positions of Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and Republic of Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
pp. 175-189
Author(s):  
Ardak Alimkhanovna Biyebayeva ◽  
Aigul Mailybayevna Kalguzhinova ◽  
Vera Anatolievna Chunyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation

The relevance of the study is due to the importance of finding effective and at the same time humane measures to combat crime against minors that meet the generally accepted principles and norms of international law. The purpose of the study is to consider the international legal norms that form the basis of standards in the field of implementation of the rights of minors involved in the criminal proceedings orbit. We consider some aspects of the fair juvenile justice standards implementation in the Russian criminal procedure legislation. We analyze the provisions of the key normative acts in the field of juvenile justice, their application practice, as well as doctrinal approaches to the prospect of further improvement of the criminal procedural form of legal proceedings against minors. On the basis of the analysis, we highlight the proceedings features in the criminal cases category: criminal prosecution can be initiated only after reaching a certain age; expanded the subject of proof; the production involves additional participants; the establishment of additional grounds and conditions for the use of coercive measures related to the restriction of freedom; confidentiality, which determines the characteristics of the trial; expansion of the range of issues resolved by the court in sentencing. It has been concluded that the existing domestic criminal proceedings the order of proceedings in criminal cases in juvenile, despite the peculiarities that distinguish it from the general procedure, it is impossible to recognize the self-differentiated procedure.

scholarly journals Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation: evaluation of effectiveness and measures for its improvement

2021 ◽  
pp. 868-877
Author(s):  
Boris Gavrilov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Dialectical Logic ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Procedural Code ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Historical Comparative

Introduction: the article analyzes provisions of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation and its impact on the implementation of key legal institutions designed to ensure respect for the rights and legitimate interests of criminal proceedings participants by law enforcement and judicial authorities. Purpose: having studied effectiveness of the amendments made in the CPC and conducted statistical analysis of the results of criminal cases investigation, the author presents shortcomings in the legislation identified by the scientific community and law enforcement practice and proposes measures to improve both certain legal norms of the CPC RF and its procedural institutions in order to ensure constitutional provisions on the state protection of human and civil rights and freedoms. Methods: the researcher used historical, comparative legal and empirical methods for describing quality and legality issues in the investigation of criminal cases; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Private scientific and legal technical methods, as well as the method for interpreting specific legal norms were applied. Results: the analysis of development of Russian and foreign criminal procedural legislation and law enforcement practice objectively indicates that the absolute majority of the amendments made to the Code contributed to enhancing performance of pre-trial investigation or initial inquiry bodies in implementing the provisions of Article 6 of the CPC. It stipulates protection of the rights and lawful interests of the persons and organizations, who (which) have suffered from the crimes, as well as their protection from unlawful accusations and conviction, and other restrictions of their rights and freedoms. Betterment of the criminal procedural legislation is also aimed at overcoming formalization of its individual provisions and bureaucratization of actions of the inquirer, investigator, prosecutor’s office and judicial community in the investigation and trial of criminal cases. Conclusions: to adapt the modern Russian criminal process to modern realities (new types of crimes and methods of their commission, increased requirements for ensuring legality in activities of pre-trial investigation bodies, their compliance with procedural deadlines in criminal cases and improving investigation quality) it is necessary to make changes in pre-trial proceedings, in particular, to reorganize procedural rules for commencement of criminal proceedings; bringing investigation terms into line with the provisions of Article 61 of the CPC on a reasonable period of criminal proceedings; differentiating investigation forms, etc. All this is focused on improving effectiveness of the fight against crime and its most dangerous types.

MECHANISM FOR COMMITTING CORRUPTION-RELATED CRIMES BY DELIVERING PROHIBITED ITEMS TO THE TERRITORY OF INSTITUTIONS THAT PROVIDE ISOLATION FROM SOCIETY

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Надежда Викторовна Грязева
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Special Environment

В работе представлен механизм совершения коррупционных преступлений посредством доставки запрещенных предметов на территорию исправительных учреждений лицами из числа сотрудников органов и учреждений УИС, который изложен в виде последовательного (поэтапного) ряда процессов взаимодействия участников события прошлого, результатом которых являются следы-отображения, содержащие криминалистически значимую информацию о самом преступлении и участвующих в нем лицах. Пристальное внимание уделено преступной деятельности субъектов - должностных лиц органов и учреждений УИС - как системообразующему элементу рассматриваемой криминалистической категории. Субъектам расследования - следователям Следственного комитета РФ - для полноты, всесторонности и объективности установления обстоятельств по уголовным делам необходимо изучение закономерностей преступной деятельности должностных лиц, совершающих коррупционные преступления, проявляющихся в окружающей обстановке в виде материальных и идеальных следов, а также специфики деятельности учреждений УИС, образующей особую обстановку, элементы которой используют участники преступного события. В статье обозначены основные элементы механизма преступлений рассматриваемой группы: преступная деятельность субъекта; поведение и деятельность иных участников события; обстановка совершения преступления; отдельные элементы обстановки, используемые участниками события; орудия, средства преступления и иные предметы, используемые для достижения цели преступления; обстоятельства, положительно или отрицательно влияющие на достижение планируемого результата. На основе общего представления о механизме преступления и практических материалов в работе представлены основные этапы совершения коррупционных преступлений сотрудниками учреждений, обеспечивающих изоляцию от общества. The article presents the mechanism of committing corruption-related crimes by the delivery of prohibited items to the territory of correctional institutions by officers and employers of bodies and institutions of the penal system, which is set out in a sequential (phased) of a number of processes of interaction of participants of events of the past, resulting in traces of the display that contains forensically relevant information about the crime and involved persons. Close attention is paid to the criminal activity of subjects-officials of bodies and institutions of the penal system, as a system-forming element of the considered criminalistic category. The subjects of the investigation - the investigators of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation for completeness, comprehensiveness and objectivity of establishing the circumstances in criminal cases it is necessary to study patterns of criminal activity of officials committing crimes of corruption, manifested in the environment in the form of material and ideal traces, and also specificity of activity of establishments the FPS forming a special environment whose elements are using members of the criminal event. The article outlines the main elements of the mechanism of crimes groups: criminal activities of the subject; the behavior and activity of other participants of the event; the scene of the crime; individual elements of the scene used by the participants of the event; implements, tools of crime and other items used to achieve the goal of the crime; the circumstances positively or negatively influence the achievement of the planned result. Based on a general understanding of the mechanism of crime and practical materials, the paper presents the main stages of committing corruption crimes by employees of institutions that provide isolation from society.

scholarly journals The State of Law in the Application of Preventive Measures in the Form of Detention

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
D. A. Galochkin
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Detention Centers ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Detention Facilities ◽  
Statistical Indicators

Based on the analysis of statistical indicators of Prosecutor's office work on supervision on implementation of laws by administrations of detentions, the main problems prevailing in detention centers and related with application of a preventive measure as a pre-trial detention against suspects and accused of committing crimes are given in the article. The analysis of the activity of the European court of human rights on consideration of Russian citizens claims about violations of the Federal law of 15.07.1995 No. 103-FZ "About incarceration of suspects and accused of committing crimes" is carried out, as well as measures taken by the Russian Federation to eliminate them. The causes of overcrowding in remand centers occurred in Moscow, Moscow region and a number of other regions are analyzed. The author made suggestions to improve current legislation. The article contains recommendations to prosecutors supervising the implementation of laws by administrations of pre-trial detention facilities, as well as the preliminary investigation of criminal cases.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF EVIDENCE COLLECTION IN CRIMINAL CASES BEYOND THE BORDERS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Aleksandr R. Akhmadullin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Mutual Legal Assistance ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Evidence Collection ◽  
The Russian Federation

This article deals with the problems of legal regulation of the process of collecting evidence in criminal cases within the framework of mutual legal assistance, based on a systematic analysis of international legal acts and legislation, a conclusion is made about the inconsistency of legal norms regulating the collection of evidence outside the territory of the Russian Federation. In some cases, they are insufficient, which negatively affects the quality and efficiency of the preliminary investigation. Suggestions are made to eliminate inconsistencies in legal norms.

CRIMINAL AND LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF PHYSICAL FORCE AND SPECIAL MEANS ABUSEBY PENAL STAFF

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Динара Мансуровна Латыпова
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Special Means ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Consequences

В статье рассматриваются вопросы квалификации действий сотрудников исправительных учреждений, применяющих физическую силу и специальные средства к осужденным в случаях, предусмотренных действующим законодательством. На основе анализа статистических данных, научной литературы проводится исследование квалификации действий сотрудника в рамках реализации своего права на необходимую оборону и причинение вреда при задержании осужденного, совершающего противоправные действия. Исследуются вопросы разграничения правомерных действий сотрудника пенитенциарного учреждения, применяющего физическую силу и специальные средства в случае нападения на него осужденного от превышения должностных полномочий. Анализируются положения уголовного законодательства, материалы судебной практики по исследуемой теме, указываются пробелы в регулировании вопросов квалификации в постановлениях Пленума Верховного суда РФ. Обосновывается необходимость закрепления нового обстоятельства, исключающего преступность деяния в случае действий сотрудника исправительного учреждения, применяющего физическую силу и специальные средства. Предлагается внесение изменений в уголовно-правовую норму о превышении должностных полномочий, а именно разграничение квалифицирующих и особо квалифицирующих признаков состава в зависимости от применения физической силы, специальных средств либо оружия. The article deals with the qualification of actions of penal officers using physical force and special means in relation to convicted persons in cases prescribed by current legislation. Based on the analysis of statistical data and scientific literature, a study is conducted concerning the qualifications of the penal officers’ actions in the framework of the exercise of their rights to the necessary defense and harm when detaining a convictcommitted unlawful acts. The issues of delimitation of lawful actions of a penal officer using physical force and special means in the case of an attack on him by a convict from exceeding official powersare considered. The provisions of the criminal law, judicial practice materials on the topic under study are analyzed, the gaps in the regulation of qualification issues are indicated in the decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The need fora newfactcaptureexcluding criminality of an act in the case of actions on the part of a penal officer using physical force and special means is demonstrated. It is suggested to amend the criminal legal norm on exceeding official powers, namely the distinction between qualifying and especially qualifying features of the elements depending on the use of physical force, special means or weapons.

scholarly journals Initiation of Criminal Proceedings against a Particular Person as the Ground for Recognizing him as a Suspect (para 1, part 1, art. 46 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation)

Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
I. V. Smolkova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
The Status ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation

The paper is devoted to the analysis of a new ground for recognition of a person as a suspect, introduced under the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, namely, the initiation of a criminal case against the person. The ground under consideration has caused controversial debates among criminal process scholars. The author has carried out a retrospective analysis of the legislative regulation of this ground for giving a person the status of the suspect. The paper evaluates various doctrinal approaches to its merits and disadvantages. The author also demonstartes the need for the new ground for recognition of a person as the suspect in law enforcement on the basis of statistical data, according to which more than half of criminal cases in Russia are initiated against a particular person. The study at question reveals an interconnection between initiation of proceedings upon commission of a crime and a particular person. The conclusion is substantiated that the recognition of a person as a suspect in case of initiation of criminal proceedings against him is aimed at ensuring his right to protection from criminal prosecution. However, the issuance of the order to initiate criminal proceedings against a particular person entails the possibility of implementation of coercive criminal procedural measures against him. It is shown that suspicion forms the substantive basis of recognition of a person as the suspect. The author criticises the approach according to which the issuance of the order to initiate criminal proceedings against a particular person forms an allegation that he has committed an act prohibited under the criminal law. Under this approach the assumption is made that can later be either proven or refuted in the course of further investigation. The author criticises the practice of dividing criminal cases into a judicial perspective and lacking such a perspective, which entails violations of the rights and legitimate interests of individuals suspected in committing crimes.

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