scholarly journals Possibility to predict the yield of potatoes grown under two crop production systems on the basis of selected morphological and physiological plant indicators  

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Zarzyńska Krystyna ◽  
Pietraszko Milena
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Chlorophyll A Fluorescence ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Area Index

In the study conducted in the years 2014–2016 at the Institute of Plant Breeding and acclimatization in Poland, the effect was tested of such indicators of plant productivity as: leaf area index (LAI), leaf greenery index (SPAD) and chlorophyll a fluorescence on the yield of potato tubers grown in two production systems, i.e. organic and conventional. It was found that in the organic production system the values of all tested indicators were significantly lower than in the conventional system and the decrease in chlorophyll content in the leaves, as well as the decrease in chlorophyll a fluorescence over time followed faster in the organic than in conventional system. The lower surface of the leaves, smaller greenery index and lower activity of photosynthesis contributed to a significant reduction in tuber yield in the organic system. The tuber yield in this system was about 30% lower than in the conventional one. The positive correlations between the value of the tested indicators and yield of tubers was obtained. The highest correlation was between the LAI index, the smallest between the performance index of photosystem II. In the conventional system the correlation coefficients were slightly higher than in organic, which indicates that in this system the possibility of predicting the final yield is simpler.  

scholarly journals Performance of advanced potato genotypes in organic and conventional production systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Carlos Francisco Ragassi ◽  
Agnaldo DF de Carvalho ◽  
Giovani Olegário da Silva ◽  
Gabriel Emiliano Pereira ◽  
Arione da S Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Input Use ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
New Cultivars

ABSTRACT Potato is responsive to intensive agricultural input use; however, it can be produced in less intensive production systems (such as the organic system) by using appropriate production techniques and genotypes adapted to this system. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of advanced potato genotypes for tuber yield under conventional and organic production systems, in order to select potential genotypes to become new cultivars adapted to these systems. Fifteen advanced potato clones and two controls were evaluated under organic and conventional production systems, in 2016 and 2017, in Brasília-DF, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replicates and plots composed of two rows with 10 plants each, spaced 0.35 m between plants and 0.80 m between rows. Total (mass) and marketable (mass and number of tubers) productivities were evaluated. Variance analysis showed significant differences among genotypes for all traits. Despite the lower average tuber yield in the organic system, selecting genotypes with high potential productivity was possible in this system, such as F158-08-01 and F158-08-02, showing high marketable tuber yield, with values equivalent to the conventional system. Clones F102-08-04, F13-09-07, F-18-09-03, F-183-08-01, F-21-09-07, F31-08-05, F63-10-07 and F97-07-03 also outperformed the control cultivars in organic system. For conventional system, F158-08-01, F158-08-02 and F183-08-01 were superior, and F18-09-03, F21-09-07, F63-10-07, F97-07-03, PCDINV10 and PCDSE090 showed performance similar or superior to the most productive control (cultivar Asterix). Genotypes F158-08-01 and F158-08-02 were superior in both conventional and organic systems, with potential to become new cultivars recommended for both production systems.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of weed regulation methods in spring wheat cultivated in integrated, conventional and organic crop production systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Weed Communities

Abstract The research was conducted from 2008 to 2010, and compared the influence of different weed control methods used in spring wheat on the structure of the weed communities and the crop yield. The study was carried out at the Experimental Station of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute in Osiny as part of a long-term trial where these crop production systems had been compared since 1994. In the conventional and integrated systems, spring wheat was grown in a pure stand, whereas in the organic system, the wheat was grown with undersown clover and grasses. In the conventional system, herbicides were applied two times in a growing season, but in the integrated system - only once. The effectiveness of weed management was lower in the organic system than in other systems, but the dry matter of weeds did not exceed 60 g/m2. In the integrated system, the average dry matter of weeds in spring wheat was 4 times lower, and in the conventional system 10 times lower than in the organic system. Weed diversity was the largest in spring wheat cultivated in the organic system. In the conventional and integrated systems, compensation of some weed species was observed (Viola arvensis, Fallopia convolvulus, Equisetum arvense). The comparison of weed communities using Sorenson’s indices revealed more of a similarity between systems in terms of number of weed species than in the number of individuals. Such results imply that qualitative changes are slower than quantitative ones. The yield of grain was the biggest in the integrated system (5.5 t/ha of average). It was 35% higher than in the organic system, and 20% higher than in conventional ones.

scholarly journals Production components and yield of bushing snap bean in conventional and organic production systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3353
Author(s):  
Guilherme Renato Gomes ◽  
Felipe Favoretto Furlan ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Freiria ◽  
Leandro Simões Azeredo Gonçalves ◽  
Lúcia Sadayo Assari Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Average Mass

Production systems influence crops differently, mainly in terms of yield. However, there are few studies that have evaluated different bushing snap bean genotypes in different systems. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the production components and yield of bushing snap beans in conventional and organic production systems. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, in a factorial 6 × 2 arrangement, corresponding to six genotypes and two production systems, with three replications. The genotypes Isla Manteiga Baixo®, Isla Macarrão Baixo®, Feltrin Vicenza Amarelo Baixo®, and Feltrin Macarrão Napoli®, UEL 1, and UEL 2 were submitted to the following determinations: days to flowering; plant height; medium number of pods per plant; average pod mass, length, and diameter; and yield of commercial pods. A joint analysis of variance was conducted by applying the F test, with mean comparison performed using the Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Anthesis of the genotypes Feltrin Vicenza Amarelo Baixo, UEL 2, Isla Macarrão Baixo, and Feltrin Macarrão Napoli is anticipated in the conventional production system. The genotype UEL 2 shows higher precocity in anthesis within the conventional system. The genotypes Isla Manteiga Baixo and UEL 1 produce more pods per plant in the conventional system. In the organic system, the genotype Feltrin Macarrão Napoli produces double the number of pods per plant compared with Isla Manteiga Baixo. The organic system leads to greater plant height and average mass, length, and diameter of pods in relation to the conventional system. The commercial pod yield of bushing snap bean is not altered by differences in the production system or genotype.

scholarly journals Seed-potato production through sprouts and field multiplication and cultivar performance in organic system

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo P Virmond ◽  
Jackson Kawakami ◽  
José A C Souza-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Area Index ◽  
The Third

ABSTRACT Organic farming requires the production or use of certified seeds from the same cultivation system and, the information of potato cultivars adapted to organic production system is important. The objective of this work was to study the feasibility of utilizing sprouts of different potato cultivars, seed multiplication and yield potential in field conditions without using agrochemicals. Three experiments were conducted: the first experiment using sprouts as seed under protected cultivation in Guarapuava, Paraná State, Brazil, from November 2011 to February 2012; the second experiment was field conducted in Candói, Paraná State, from May to September 2012 and the third experiment was field conducted in Guarapuava, Paraná State, from February to May 2013. The experimental design was a randomized block design with 3 replications in all 3 experiments. In the 2 first experiments the following cultivars were evaluated: BRS Ana, BRS Clara, BRS Eliza, Crystal and Catucha, and in the last experiment Agata, Bintje, Baronesa and BRSIPR Bel were included. The traits analyzed were length of main stem, number of stems, number of leaves, fresh weight and number of tubers, percentage of infection by viruses and in the second experiment the incidence of late blight on leaves. In the third experiment, leaf area index (LAI), tuber, leaves and stem dry weights and late blight severity were also analyzed. In the first experiment, the cultivars showed differences in plant height and minituber production, the highest value was observed in cultivars BRS Clara and BRS Ana for plant height and cultivar BRS Clara for minituber production. In the second experiment, there was difference only in plant height, the tallest cultivars were BRS Ana and BRS Clara . There was low spread of viruses and, it did not directly reflect in tuber yield. In the third experiment the cultivars with lower disease severity were those recommended to organic farming, especially BRS Clara and Catucha; this second cultivar had the higher LAI and tuber yield, as well as resistance to late blight, factors that might have contributed to the recorded highest total tuber yield (13.8 t/ha).

scholarly journals Microbiological evaluation of lettuce produced by conventional and organic systems in farms of Londrina, PR

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Harumi Niguma ◽  
Jacinta Sanchez Pelayo ◽  
Tereza Cristina Rocha Moreira de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Organic System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Production Practices

The aims of this study were to evaluate the contamination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), produced in Londrina, Paraná (PR), with total coliform, coliform at 45 °C, E. coli, and Salmonella spp.; and to determine the E. coli contamination of irrigation water used at the farms studied. Four farms were evaluated, of which three produced lettuce using a conventional system and one using an organic system. An evaluation of the production practices of the farms was also carried out. A total of 111 samples were analyzed, 71 lettuce samples from the conventional system and 40 samples from the organic system. A total of eight irrigation water samples were collected for analysis. Coliform at 45 °C counts above the limit tolerated by Brazilian legislation were observed in 2.8% (2/71) of conventionally grown lettuce samples, and Salmonella spp. was isolated in 1.4% (1/71) of those samples. In the organic lettuce samples, 12.5% (5/40) had coliform at 45 °C counts above the limit tolerated and Salmonella spp. was not detected. Irrigation water samples from three farms were unsatisfactory, with counts higher than 102MPN of E. coli per 100mL. The results of this study demonstrate that most conventionally grown lettuce samples show good sanitary conditions in production, and that lettuce contamination is not related to contamination found in irrigation water samples. The results also showed that the organic production practices required by Brazilian certification agencies should be applied to ensure that contamination of produced lettuce remains controlled.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effect of Perennial Energy Crops and Arable Crops on Earthworm Populations

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feledyn-Szewczyk ◽  
Radzikowski ◽  
Stalenga ◽  
Matyka
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Perennial Energy Crops

The purpose of the study was to compare earthworm communities under winter wheat in different crop production systems on arable land—organic (ORG), integrated (INT), conventional (CON), monoculture (MON)—and under perennial crops cultivated for energy purposes—willow (WIL), Virginia mallow (VIR), and miscanthus (MIS). Earthworm abundance, biomass, and species composition were assessed each spring and autumn in the years 2014–2016 using the method of soil blocks. The mean species number of earthworms was ordered in the following way: ORG > VIR > WIL > CON > INT > MIS > MON. Mean abundance of earthworms decreased in the following order: ORG > WIL > CON > VIR > INT > MIS > MON. There were significantly more species under winter wheat cultivated organically than under the integrated system (p = 0.045), miscanthus (p = 0.039), and wheat monoculture (p = 0.002). Earthworm abundance was significantly higher in the organic system compared to wheat monoculture (p = 0.001) and to miscanthus (p = 0.008). Among the tested energy crops, Virginia mallow created the best habitat for species richness and biomass due to the high amount of crop residues suitable for earthworms and was similar to the organic system. Differences in the composition of earthworm species in the soil under the compared agricultural systems were proven. Energy crops, except miscanthus, have been found to increase earthworm diversity, as they are good crops for landscape diversification.

scholarly journals Meta-frontier analysis of organic and conventional cocoa production in Ghana

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Onumah ◽  
E.E. Onumah ◽  
R.M. Al-Hassan ◽  
B. Brümmer
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
The Individual

This study considers the meta-frontier technique to compare the efficiency level of organic and conventional cocoa production systems in Ghana using a cross sectional data of 390 farms. The results reveal that the organic systems exhibit an increasing return to scale whilst, the conventional system exhibit decreasing returns to scale. All the inputs variables positively influence the production except the age of trees. The combined effects of operational and farm specific factors are identified to influence the technical efficiency although the individual effects of some variables are not significant. The mean technical efficiency relative to the meta-frontier is estimated to be 0.59 for the organic and 0.71 for the conventional farms. The study concludes that the conventional system of cocoa production is more technically efficient than the organic system. However, the increase in the scale of production in the organic system to take advantage of the economies of scale may enhance the efficiency of production. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Vegetative parameters of apple cultivars in integrated and organic production systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dremák ◽  
Á. Csihon ◽  
I. Gonda
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Training System ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Apple Production

Success of apple production is highly influenced by the applied production system and the planted cultivar. In this paper growing characteristics of 39 apple cultivars were studied in integrated and organic production systems. These kind of parameters are less studied in the cultivar and training system examinations, although they have huge effect on the training and maintaining of canopy, on the pruning necessity, ultimately on the production costs. According to our results the thickness of the central axis of apple trees showed significant differences between the integrated and the organic systems. Axis of the trees with lower trunk thickness tapers more slightly in the integrated production system, than in the case of the trees with thicker trunk in the organic system. Thicker axis is not accompanied by thicker trunk, namely the thickness of the central leader starts to decrease stronger in the organic production system, compared to the integrated one.

scholarly journals An Examination of the Economics of Sustainable and Conventional Horticulture

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-691
Author(s):  
Robin G. Brumfield
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Price Premiums ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
The Cost

Since World War II, U.S. agriculture has reduced production costs by substituting petrochemicals for labor. Adverse impacts from chemical intensive agriculture include increased pest levels, groundwater and surface water contamination, soil erosion, and concerns about harmful levels of pesticide residues. Sustainable farming programs such as integrated crop management (ICM) and organic farming encourage farmers to use systems that reduce the adverse impacts of chemical agriculture. However, before farmers adopt an alternative system, they must determine that economic benefits from the alternative farming activities exceed the costs incurred. Unfortunately, relatively few studies have compared the cost of organic crop production with conventional production systems. Results of these studies are mixed. In some studies, organic systems are more profitable than conventional systems with organic price premiums, but are not economically viable without price premiums. In one long-term study, the organic system was more profitable than a conventional one if the cost of family labor was ignored, but less profitable if it was included. In some studies, net returns were higher for ICM than for conventional or organic systems, but in others, they were higher. Results also vary on a crop by crop basis.

scholarly journals Alternative for potassic fertilization of vegetables in organic management in low fertility natural soil of the humid tropics

2020 ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Aline Moreno Ferreira Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Potassium Sources ◽  
Marble Powder ◽  
Alternative Sources

The organic food production and mainly the demand for these products have been growing much worldwide, and with this rising demand there is need for more adequate soil management. Organic fertilization is one of the points to improve and the alternative sources of nutrients should be better evaluated. Potassium is an essential nutrient required in large quantities by greenery and fruit, but according to the legislation of organic production, it can only be used as crushed rocks  such as potassium sulfate. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of potassium sulfate (soluble source), wood ash and marble powder as alternative sources of potassium in organic system, using hybrid maize AG 1051 as the indicator crop. The experimental design applied was in randomized blocks in the 3x4x2 factorial scheme, consisting of three potassium sources applied in four doses (0, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1 K2O) in the presence and absence of Biofertilizer, with four repetitions. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the averages were compared by the Tukey test (p < 0.05). Both wood ash and marble powder tested can be used as complementary potassium fertilization in organic production systems. Marble powder proved to be the most efficient among the treatments and the Biofertilizer did not have a significant effect on the evaluated characteristics.

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