scholarly journals Uptake of Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn by maize in the strip cropping system  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Głowacka
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Micronutrient Uptake ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
The Impact

A field experiment was conducted in 2008–2010 at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in Zamość (50°42'N, 23°16'E), University of Life Sciences in Lublin. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of cropping method and weed control methods on the content of Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn in maize and on their uptake. Two cropping methods were studied – sole cropping and strip cropping (common bean, dent maize and spring barley in adjacent strips) and two weed control methods – mechanical and chemical. Strip cropping reduced Mn content in maize, did not significantly affect Zn content, and increased accumulation of Cu and Fe. The content and uptake of the elements by maize depended on the position of the row in the strip and on the adjacent plant species. Placement next to beans resulted in higher Fe and Zn content, while placement next to barley increased Cu content. The highest Mn content was noted in maize from the centre row. In general, micronutrient uptake by maize was lowest in the middle row. These results indicate that strip cropping can be an effective agricultural practise for plant biofortification.

Hydrocarbons and heavy metals fixed to the lift station sediment of the Paris combined sewer network

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gasperi ◽  
V. Rocher ◽  
T. Celaudon ◽  
R. Moilleron ◽  
G. Chebbo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Roof Runoff ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Road Traffic Emissions ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Brake Lining ◽  
The Impact

This work aims to characterise the pollutant loads fixed to the Lift Station (LS) sediments. Firstly, levels of n-alkanes, PAH and heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) of LS sediments were assessed, and were found of the same order of magnitude as those reported for street runoff. In addition, investigations on LS sediment reveal that n-alkane distributions reflect the combination of biologic and petrogenic inputs, while PAH distributions indicate a major pyrolytic origin with traces of petrogenic contaminations. The metallic fingerprints also attest to the important contribution of road traffic emissions. Secondly, a comparison between LS sediment and the Gross Bed Sediment (GBS) pollutant contamination was established in order to optimize the in-sewer deposits management. For hydrocarbons, a similar contamination between both sediments is found. For the heavy metals, this comparison indicates a similar Fe and Zn content, while Pb, Cu and Cd contents differ. Indeed, LS sediment shows a higher Cu content, linked to the occurrence of intensive brake lining abrasion, compared with GBS, which reflects a higher Pb and Cd content, owing to the contribution of roof runoff. This result reveals the impact of specific inputs such as road traffic or roof runoff on the in-sewer sediments contamination, and provides a complete overview of the LS sediment contamination. This database could be used by the municipality to optimize their contaminated in-sewer sediment management.

DRY MATTER, ETHER EXTRACT, ASH AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF TOE HORN-WALL FROM CROSSBRED BOARS AS INFLUENCED BY NUTRITION AND AGE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. LEPINE ◽  
E. T. KORNEGAY ◽  
H. S. BARTLETT ◽  
D. R. NOTTER
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Over Time

The effects of dietary energy level (ad libitum and 75% of ad libitum) and mineral-vitamin intake (100 and 150% of NAS-NRC daily recommendations) on dry matter, ether extract, ash and mineral composition of hard horn-wall taken from front and rear and inside and outside toes were studied in crossbred boars necropsied at 15-day intervals from 85 to 295 days on test starting at 35 days of age. With the exception of Ca and P contents which were higher for restricted-fed boars, restricted energy level and elevated mineral-vitamin intake had little or no effect on horn-wall composition, when expressed on a weight-corrected basis. Horn-wall dry matter, ether extract and Zn content increased over time while ash, P, Mg, Cu, Mn and Fe content decreased with little change in Ca content. Front toes had a lower ether extract, Fe and Mn content than hind toes, and outside toes had a higher content of P, Mg and Mn and a lower content of Cu and Zn than outside toes. Toe size (area and volume) was directly correlated with dry matter, Ca, P, Mg and Zn content, but was inversely correlated with ash, Cu, Fe and Mn content of horn-wall. There appeared to be no relationship between toe size and ether extract content of horn-wall. Horn-wall composition changes occurred over time with only minor effects of nutrition treatments. Although composition of horn-wall varied due to location and size of toe, there appeared to be no relationship between horn-wall composition and toe lesion scores. Key words: Swine, nutrition, toe horn-wall composition, minerals

scholarly journals Occurrence and correction of lime-induced chlorosis in petunia plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Šrámek ◽  
M. Dubský
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Micronutrient Uptake ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Substrate Ph

The effect of various concentrations and ratios of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) chelates on growth, micronutrient uptake and chlorophyll content was investigated in a glasshouse experiment using potted petunia plants. The plants were cultivated in a peat substrate amended with dolomitic limestone at rate of 3.0 g/L (control substrate) or 12.0 g/L. The higher rate was established both to restrict the uptake of Fe, Mn and other nutrients and also to test the effectiveness of various Fe and Mn treatments. The plants in all the treatments were fertigated at weekly intervals with a nutrient solution containing macronutrients and micronutrients. Various chelate forms of Fe and Mn were used with the exception of two treatments where these two elements were omitted. The effects of different substrate pH levels (derived from different limestone contents) had a large effect on plant growth, chlorophyll content and content of Fe and Mn accumulated in the plant leaves. The plants in the high-limestone substrate devoid of Fe and Mn had reduced growth and lower chlorophyll content. They also had lower leaf Fe and Mn content than the control plants in the R3 substrate. Regular fertigation with a nutrient solution containing Mn and Fe improved plant growth rate and also increased chlorophyll content. However, its efficiency depended on the chelate form and concentration used. The effect of chelate application on the Fe and Mn leaf content was unclear as it only marginally increased leaf Fe absorption in some treatments. No effect of the various Fe/Mn ratios was observed.

scholarly journals Potential of Spring Barley, Oat and Triticale Intercrops with Field Peas for Forage Production, Nutrition Quality and Beef Cattle Diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabal S. Gill ◽  
Akim T. Omokanye
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Nutrition Quality ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oat (Avena sativa L.) and triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) monocrops and their intercrops with two forage varieties (40-10 and Tucker) and one seed variety (Cooper) peas (Pisum sativum L.) were evaluated for forage production, nutrition quality and suitability in the beef cattle diet. Pea + cereal intercrops were compared to respective cereal monocrops in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Plant height of cereals tended to be reduced in intercrops compared to respective monocrops. Taller 40-10 forage type pea tended to cause lodging in 2009 and 2011, not observed with other pea varieties. Fresh forage of pea + cereal intercrops had higher moisture than respective cereal monocrops. Fourteen of the 18 intercrops had less dry matter yield (DMY) than respective cereal monocrops. Shorter Tucker pea had less negative impact on DMY than taller 40-10 pea. Treatments with barley had lower DMY than respective oat and triticale systems. Intercrops improved forage crude protein (CP) content over the respective monocrops, which was enough to overcome the DMY penalty and produce more CP yield than their monocrops. The forage Ca and Mg contents were improved by intercrops over their monocrops, and they were greater with 40-10 pea than other pea varieties and with barley than oat or triticale. The forage P content also tended to be higher in intercrops than corresponding monocrops, without a consistent effect of cereal type or pea variety. The forage K and S contents were not consistently influenced by the cereal types, pea varieties or intercrops. Forage Na content was greater from oat than respective barley and triticale treatments. The monocrops and intercrops had similar forage Cu content, and treatments with barley had more Cu than with oat or triticale. Forage Zn content tended to be intercrops > monocrops; and barley > triticale > oat. Treatments had no influence on the forage Fe and Mn contents. Levels of acid (ADF) and neutral (NDF) detergent fibres in the forage were similar for the corresponding intercrops and monocrops, and greater for oat than barley or triticale treatments. Some of the intercrops improved total digestible nutrients (TDN) content in forage over their monocrops. Monocrop of oat had less TDN than barley or triticale. Drought reduced the ADF, NDF and TDN contents. The forage NEL, NEM and NEG as well as RFV and NFC showed similar trend as the TDN. Overall, the tested pea + cereal intercrops did not increase DMY over the respective monocrops, but they indicated several nutritional quality benefits. These improvements present opportunities to substitute some grain or supplements in the beef cattle diet with better quality forage by intercrops.

scholarly journals The influence of non-chemical weed control methods on sugar beet productivity and quality parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovita Balandaitė ◽  
Aida Adamavičienė ◽  
Kęstutis Romaneckas ◽  
Edita Eimutytė
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Cutting Out

A long-term stationary field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University (Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy since 2019) in 2017. The following sustainable weed control methods were examined: 1) inter-row loosening (control treatment); 2) inter-row cutting and mulching with weeds; 3) inter-row cutting and mulching with Persian clover; 4) inter-row cutting and mulching with white mustards; 5) interrow cutting and mulching with spring barley. The alternatives to weed control often reduced the yields of sugar beet roots significantly, however, when mulching with white mustard the decrease in fertility was not essential. Non-chemical weed control measures in most cases had an insignificant effect on the parameters of sugar beet quality – the content of Na, K and alpha-amino N. The most significant sugar content (16.34 and 16.26%) was found in sugar beets, which were grown applying interrow mulch of spring barley and weed (P < 0.05). Although insignificant, but the largest index of sugar beet leaf area was found in the experimental plots, where inter-row cutting out and mulching with white mustard were applied. Comparing non-chemical weed control systems, the highest amount of white (crystalline) sugar (4.96 ha–1) was derived from the sugar beet that was grown using white mustard mulch.

scholarly journals Optimization of spring barley cultivation technology in the Chernozem region

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (46) ◽  
pp. 14-14
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Control Element ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Central Chernozem Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Chernozem

In the conditions of the Central Chernozem region of Russia, an optimized technology for growing spring barley of the "Vakula" P4 variety was tested. Optimization of the technology was carried out according to the weed control element in five variants, depending on the use of herbicides: Puma Super (farm technology), Ballerina super (optimization), Prima (optimization), Ballerina forte (optimization), Lancelot (optimization). The conducted studies have shown that perennial and annual dicotyledonous weeds have a significant distribution in spring barley crops in the conditions of the Central Chernozem zone. Of these, according to the abundance indicators, white mar, medicinal dymyanka, white sandman, bindweed mountaineer, field yarutka, yellow osot, frankincense pickle predominates. A comparative analysis of optimization on the impact on plant productivity revealed that the most effective technologies for a wide range of weeds were technologies using herbicides Lancelot, Ballerina Super and Ballerina Forte. The highest barley yield of 34.4, 32.3 and 33.7 c/ha, respectively, was noted on these variants of technology application. Key words: SPRING BARLEY, HERBICIDES, CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY, OPTIMIZATION

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Impact of Weed Control Methods on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Moldavian Balm; A Medicinal Plant

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Janmohammadi ◽  
Naser Sabaghnia ◽  
Adel Bashiri
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

Abstract Moldavian balm is an annual herbaceous plant and its lemon-scented leaves contain essential oil. However, weeds adversely affect its growth by release of allelochemicals, and/or direct competition for nutrient, moisture, light and space. Current experiment was conducted to evaluate the different weed control methods including preventive approach (soil pasteurization), mechanical methods (one hand weeding, two hand weeding, and successive hand weeding for weed free condition), and chemical control by synthetic herbicides (haloxyfop-R-methyl and trifluralin). Results revealed that stem diameter, quantity of secondary branches, flower-bearing branches and leaves were significantly affected by weed control treatments; the highest lateral growth was obtained by successive mechanical weed control and two hand weeding method, respectively. This trend was also observed in canopy spread and chlorophyll content. Pre-emergence control by trifluralin considerably accelerated the initiation of flowering in Moldavian balm. However, observation of qualitative traits showed that the highest essential oil content and oil yield was obtained when the plants grew in weed free soil which was pasteurized. Considering the recognized essential oils, the most responsive composition was including Geranial, Geranyl acetate, Neral and Geraniol. The lowest amount of Neral was recorded in postemergence control performed by means of haloxyfop-R-methyl herbicide.

scholarly journals Weed infestation of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) depending on the cover crop and weed control method

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Gawęda ◽  
Marian Wesołowski ◽  
Cezary A. Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Barley Crop

<p>The aim of this 3-year field study was to evaluate the effect of some stubble crops and weed control methods on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds in a spring barley crop grown in short-term monoculture. The study was conducted in the period 2009–2011 at the Uhrusk Experimental Farm, on mixed rendzina soil classified as very good rye soil complex. It included stubble crops which were ploughed under in each year (control treatment without cover crop, white mustard, lacy phacelia, a mixture of legumes – narrow-leaf lupin + field pea) and 3 weed control methods used in spring barley crops (mechanical, mechanical and chemical, chemical weed control). <em>Veronica persica </em>was the weed species that occurred in greatest numbers in the spring barley crop sown after stubble crops. All cover crops reduced the numbers of <em>Avena fatua </em>which was the dominant species in the control treatment. Chemical as well as chemical and mechanical weed control significantly reduced the numbers of <em>Avena fatua</em> compared to the treatment where only double harrowing was used for weed control. The stubble crops did not reduce weed infestation of spring barley. Compared to the control treatment, the ploughing-in of white mustard and the mixture of legumes reduced the dry weight of weeds by 49.1 and 22.7%, respectively. Mechanical weed management proved to be less effective in reducing the number and dry weight of weeds compared to the other weed control methods. A significant negative correlation was found between the dry weight of weeds in the spring barley crop and the dry weight of the ploughed-in white mustard cover crop under the conditions of chemical weed control as well as in the case of the mixture of legumes when complete mechanical and chemical weed control was used.</p>

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