Extraction optimisation and lipid-lowering activity of Auricularia heimuer polysaccharides

Assessments of molecular weight distribution and activity/efficacy of Auricularia heimuer polysaccharides (AAP) are of substantial significance for its extraction process optimisation. In the present study, single-factor orthogonal test and response surface methodology were employed to optimise extraction conditions of AAP. Furthermore, a rat hyperlipidaemia model was established to compare the lipid-lowering activity of polysaccharides obtained by three extraction methods. Conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis were optimised as pH 5.0, 1% cellulase, 2.5% substrate concentration and enzymolysis time of 1.5 h, leading to an up to 31.8% polysaccharide yield and 89.13% of polysaccharides within the molecular weight range of 5 000 Da to 10 000 Da. The results of animal experiments showed that the lipid-lowering activity of enzymolysis-extracted polysaccharides was significantly higher than that of water- and ultrasonic-extracted ones (P < 0.01). So the present study revealed that enzymatic hydrolysis-extracted polysaccharides showed the strongest hypolipidaemia activity, providing a basis for the development of A. heimuer-based functional foods and drugs.

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Popular functional foods and nutraceuticals with lipid lowering activity and in relation to cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and related complications: an overview

Journal of Food Bioactives ◽

10.31665/jfb.2018.2137 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hui-Fang Chiu ◽

You-Cheng Shen ◽

Kamesh Venkatakrishnan ◽

Chin-Kun Wang

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Recent Literature ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Food Ingredients ◽

Shed Light ◽

Lowering Activity

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common non-communicable ailment which claims one-third of total global death. This contribution provides an overview of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia (dyslipidemia) and their related complications as well as the current treatment options with special attention to popular functional foods and nutraceuticals. Currently, many synthetic lipid-lowering drugs are available in the market. However, they trigger several adverse effects. Thus, to overcome this problem nutraceuticals and functional foods which are considered safe, and with multifaceted lipid-lowering activity are highly recommended (adjuvant therapy) for treating dyslipidemia. This review intends to shed light on how to choose the appropriate or better nutraceutical/functional food ingredients to alleviate the risk of CVD, based on recent literature survey with the inclusion of clinical trials and meta-analysis to ensure the efficacy of nutraceuticals/ functional foods on lipid profile.

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Enzymatic hydrolysis of whey proteins. II. Molecular-weight range

Biotechnology and Bioengineering ◽

10.1002/bit.260440416 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 529-532 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

P. González- Tello ◽

F. Camacho ◽

E. Jurado ◽

M. P. Páez ◽

E. M. Guadix

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Whey Proteins ◽

Molecular Weight Range ◽

Weight Range ◽

Hydrolysis Of

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Optimization and Quality Analysis of Different Extraction Methods of Palm Seed Oil

Complexity ◽

10.1155/2021/9925974 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Qi-Zhao Li ◽

Zheng-Qun Cai

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Raw Material ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Enzymatic Extraction ◽

Hydrolysis Time ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted ◽

Hydrolysis Temperature

The extraction process of palm seed oil was optimized. Using palm seed as raw material, oil extraction rate was used as an index. The effects of flash extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, supercritical extraction, and aqueous enzymatic extraction on the yield of palm seed oil were investigated. The extraction methods and technological conditions of palm seed oil were optimized by the orthogonal method on the basis of single factor. The seed oil was analyzed and detected. The results showed that the water enzymatic extraction method was the best, and the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis time 16 h, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 50°C, and enzymatic content 2.0%. The oil yield of palm seed was 16.48%. Conclusion. Water enzymatic extraction process of palm seed oil is reasonable, the active ingredients are rich, and the quality of seed oil is better, providing reference for the development and research of palm seed oil.

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Evaluation of Glucose and Lipid Lowering Activity of Arganimide A in Normal and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530318666181113124727 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 503-510 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohamed Eddouks ◽

Farid Khallouki ◽

Robert W. Owen ◽

Morad Hebi ◽

Remy Burcelin

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Lowering Activity

Aims: Arganimide A (4,4-dihydroxy-3,3-imino-di-benzoic acid) is a compound belonging to a family of aminophenolics found in fruit of Argania spinosa. The purpose of this study was to investigate the glucose and lipid lowering activity of Arganimide A (ARG A). Methods: The effect of a single dose and daily oral administration of Arganimide A (ARG A) on blood glucose levels and plasma lipid profile was tested in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight. Results: Single oral administration of ARG A reduced blood glucose levels from 26.50±0.61 mmol/L to 14.27±0.73 mmol/L (p<0.0001) six hours after administration in STZ diabetic rats. Furthermore, blood glucose levels were decreased from 5.35±0.30 mmol/L to 3.57±0.17 mmol/L (p<0.0001) and from 26.50±0.61 mmol/L to 3.67±0.29 mmol/L (p<0.0001) in normal and STZ diabetic rats, respectively, after seven days of treatment. Moreover, no significant changes in body weight in normal and STZ rats were shown. According to the lipid profile, the plasma triglycerides levels were decreased significantly in diabetic rats after seven days of ARG treatment (p<0.05). Moreover, seven days of ARG A treatment decreased significantly the plasma cholesterol concentrations (p<0.001). Conclusion: ARG A possesses glucose and lipid-lowering activity in diabetic rats and this natural compound may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes.

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Extraction of Mogroside and Limonin with Different Extraction Methods and its Modeling

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1515/1556-3758.2361 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jing Liu ◽

Can Liu ◽

Yonghai Rong ◽

Long Rong

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Natural Products ◽

Mass Production ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Ultrasonic Extraction ◽

Citrus Reticulata ◽

Comparison Of Methods ◽

Economical Method ◽

Siraitia Grosvenorii

The extraction yields of mogroside from Siraitia grosvenorii fruits and limonin from orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco) seeds were compared with different extraction methods, respectively. Maceration extraction, stirring extraction, ultrasonic extraction and flash extraction were used for the extraction. The extraction process was modeled using the concept of thin film which provides the resistance to transfer. The results showed that the maximum yields of mogroside (4.11%) and limonin (0.65%) were obtained by ultrasonic extraction and flash extraction respectively. Owing to its shorter extraction time, flash extraction would be an economical method for the mass production of triterpenes from natural products. The model was found to be fit for the comparison of methods for the extraction and provided good correlation of the data. The model could be mainly used in the practical extraction process.

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Phycocyanin content and nutritional profile of Arthrospira platensis from Mexico: efficient extraction process and stability evaluation of phycocyanin

BMC Chemistry ◽

10.1186/s13065-021-00746-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sanghamitra Khandual ◽

Edgar Omar Lopez Sanchez ◽

Hugo Espinosa Andrews ◽

Jose Daniel Padilla de la Rosa

Keyword(s):

Storage Temperature ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Arthrospira Platensis ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Partial Purification ◽

Natural Food ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

C Storage ◽

Dry Biomass

AbstractPhycocyanin is a blue natural food colorant with multiple health benefits. Here we propose an efficient phycocyanin extraction method from Arthrospira platensis from Mexico. Three extraction methods were applied to optimize the extraction process, using water and buffer as solvents, with three pH values at two agitation times. The highest phycocyanin, 54.65 mg/g, was extracted from dry biomass with water as a solvent using an ultrasonication bar. The optimum condition of extraction was determined to be 1:50 biomass/solvent ratio for dry biomass, with the freeze/thaw method for 20 min repeated twice, and then agitated at 120 rpm for 24 h. The phycocyanin content was 48.88 mg/g biomass, with a purity of 0.47. For scalable phycocyanin productivity, the sonication method is recommended as there is no statistical difference. The phycocyanin stability was best at − 20 °C storage temperature at pH 7 for 35 days. Partial purification with ammonium sulfate was found to be suitable as a fractional precipitation method, first at 0–20% and then 20–65%, to get purity nearly 1. Total protein was found to be 55.52%, and total amino acids after phycocyanin extraction was 33%. The maximum phycocyanin yield using water as a solvent was the most interesting result regardless of the method used for extraction.

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Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Using an Optimised Dual Extraction Process to Study Human Brain Cancer Cells and Tissues

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11040240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 240

Author(s):

Alison Woodward ◽

Alina Pandele ◽

Salah Abdelrazig ◽

Catherine A. Ortori ◽

Iqbal Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Rna Extraction ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Serum Starvation ◽

Extraction Techniques ◽

Metabolic Genes ◽

Dual Extraction

The integration of untargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics from the same population of cells or tissue enhances the confidence in the identified metabolic pathways and understanding of the enzyme–metabolite relationship. Here, we optimised a simultaneous extraction method of metabolites/lipids and RNA from ependymoma cells (BXD-1425). Relative to established RNA (mirVana kit) or metabolite (sequential solvent addition and shaking) single extraction methods, four dual-extraction techniques were evaluated and compared (methanol:water:chloroform ratios): cryomill/mirVana (1:1:2); cryomill-wash/Econospin (5:1:2); rotation/phenol-chloroform (9:10:1); Sequential/mirVana (1:1:3). All methods extracted the same metabolites, yet rotation/phenol-chloroform did not extract lipids. Cryomill/mirVana and sequential/mirVana recovered the highest amounts of RNA, at 70 and 68% of that recovered with mirVana kit alone. sequential/mirVana, involving RNA extraction from the interphase of our established sequential solvent addition and shaking metabolomics-lipidomics extraction method, was the most efficient approach overall. Sequential/mirVana was applied to study a) the biological effect caused by acute serum starvation in BXD-1425 cells and b) primary ependymoma tumour tissue. We found (a) 64 differentially abundant metabolites and 28 differentially expressed metabolic genes, discovering four gene-metabolite interactions, and (b) all metabolites and 62% lipids were above the limit of detection, and RNA yield was sufficient for transcriptomics, in just 10 mg of tissue.

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Nuclear matrix of HeLa S3 cells. Polypeptide composition during adenovirus infection and in phases of the cell cycle.

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.72.1.194 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 194-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

L D Hodge ◽

P Mancini ◽

F M Davis ◽

P Heywood

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Nuclear Matrix ◽

Apparent Molecular Weight ◽

Molecular Weight Range ◽

Weight Range ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Liver Nuclei ◽

Hela S3 ◽

Biochemical Analyses

A subnuclear fraction has been isolated from HeLa S3 nuclei after treatment with high salt buffer, deoxyribonuclease, and dithiothreitol. This fraction retains the approximate size and shape of nuclei and resembles the nuclear matrix recently isolated from rat liver nuclei. Ultrastructural and biochemical analyses indicate that this structure consists of nonmembranous elements as well as some membranous elements. Its chemical composition is 87% protein, 12% phospholipid, 1% DNA, and 0.1% RNA by weight. The protein constituents are resolved in SDS-polyacrylamide slab gels into 30-35 distinguishable bands in the apparent molecular weight range of 14,000 - 200,000 with major peptides at 14,000 - 18,000 and 45,000 - 75,000. Analysis of newly synthesized polypeptides by cylindrical gel electrophoresis reveals another cluster in the 90,000-130,000 molecular weight range. Infection with adenovirus results in an altered polypeptide profile. Additional polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 21,000, 23,000, and 92,000 become major components by 22 h after infection. Concomitantly, some peptides in the 45,000-75,000 mol wt range become less prominent. In synchronized cells the relative staining capacity of the six bands in the 45,000-75,000 mol wt range changes during the cell cycle. Synthesis of at least some matrix polypeptides occures in all phases of the cell cycle, although there is decreased synthesis in late S/G2. In the absence of protein synthesis after cell division, at least some polypeptides in the 45,000-75,000 mol wt range survive nuclear dispersal and subsequent reformation during mitosis. The possible significance of this subnuclear structure with regard to structure-function relationships within the nucleus during virus replication and during the life cycle of the cell is discussed.

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Structure and Solution Properties of High Molecular Weight Butadiene-Styrene Copolymers

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3542675 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 315-325

Author(s):

R. B. MacFarlane ◽

L. A. McLeod

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

High Molecular Weight ◽

Complex Structure ◽

Mixed Solvents ◽

Solution Time ◽

Solution Viscosity ◽

Solution Properties ◽

Molecular Weight Range ◽

Viscosity Measurements ◽

Commercial Practice

Abstract Production of high molecular weight copolymers of butadiene and styrene for use in oil-extended rubbers has aroused interest in the solution properties of copolymers above the molecular weight range commonly encountered in commercial practice. It has been observed that solubility of such polymers in toluene is a time-dependent phenomenon and the apparent solubility can increase continuously, in the absence of agitation, for as long as 800 hours. Although a standard Harris cage solubility test may show the presence of 50% gel, other properties do not confirm the presence of any appreciable quantities of insoluble material. Mild agitation rapidly promotes almost complete solubility. Dilute solution viscosity measurements are very misleading unless the influence of solution time is recognized and apparent intrinsic viscosities rise progressively with time of contact of the sample with solvent. This time-dependence of solution has been found to occur at conversions higher than 50% and is also a function of the amount of modifier used in the polymerization recipe. It has not been possible to shorten the solution time for viscosity measurements by mild heating or gentle agitation. Mixed solvents cause a change in the amount of increase of the apparent intrinsic viscosity but do not shorten the time to equilibrium. Measurement of the slope constant in the Huggins viscosity equation indicate that these solubility and viscosity effects coincide with the appearance of a marked degree of branching in the polymer molecules. The effect is, therefore, interpreted as being caused by the relatively slow disentanglement of molecules of complex structure.

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