scholarly journals Dynamic and spillover effects of USA import refusals on China’s agricultural trade: Evidence from monthly data

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 425-434
Author(s):  
Jiehong Zhou ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Rui Mao
Keyword(s):  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Trade Effect ◽  
United States Food ◽  
Short Run ◽  
States Food ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Impact

Border inspections by developed nations are an essential export barrier to developing countries. Import refusals, in particular, not only exhibit dynamic impacts on exporters’ performance in the refused destination but may also spill over into exports toward third markets. Using a panel structural vector autoregression model, the complete dynamics of China’s agricultural export in response to United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) import refusals is estimated at the monthly level. Despite notable heterogeneities across sectors, negative and positive reactions that last mostly less than a year are revealed respectively for the quantity and price of China’s exports to USA on average. The impact of idiosyncratic component dominates that of common component in the refusal shock, highlighting the sensitivity of exports to sector-specific border inspections. Relative to other refusal charges, larger export contractions tend to follow adulteration charges. The trade effect of FDA refusals spills over into other main export destinations of China. While non-adulteration charges result in trade deflections on average, a contagious export reduction is observed in most non-US markets. These results provide insights for exporters to make strategies with a focus on specific sectors, charges, third markets and especially on the short run to cope with import refusals.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE WORLD FOOD PRICE INDEX ON SOME EAST-EUROPEAN ECONOMIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-287
Author(s):  
Corina Saman ◽  
Cecilia Alexandri
Keyword(s):  
Price Volatility ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Food Price ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Positive Shock ◽  
Macroeconomic Implications ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Food

This paper deals with the dynamic response of exchange rates, inflation and agricultural foreign trade in Bulgaria, Poland and Romania to global food prices. We employ time-varying VARs with stochastic volatility to estimate the behaviour of these macroeconomic variables over the 2001M1–2015M12 period. The original contribution of this paper is that it captures the time variation and nonlinearities of the relationship between variables taking into account food price volatility and its macroeconomic implications. The main findings of the paper are: (i) high global food prices were transmitted to domestic economies causing pressure on inflation in the long run; (ii) in the short run the impact of a positive shock in international food price increases domestic inflation, depreci-ates the currency and reduces the agricultural trade; (iii) the vulnerabilities to global food prices are more pregnant for Romania and Bulgaria; (iv) the difference in the transmission of world prices is related to the different status of the countries as regards food and agricultural trade. The findings of the research would be significant for the governments to promote policies to help farmers respond to the rising of food prices by growing more and responding to export opportunities that may arise.

Perinatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Neonatal COVID-19: A 2021 Update

NeoReviews ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. e284-e295
Author(s):  
Deepika Sankaran ◽  
Natasha Nakra ◽  
Ritu Cheema ◽  
Dean Blumberg ◽  
Satyan Lakshminrusimha
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Older Children ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
United States Food ◽  
States Food ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
The Impact

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has swept across the world like an indiscriminating wildfire. Pregnant women and neonates are particularly vulnerable to this infection compared with older children and healthy young adults, with unique challenges in their management. Unfamiliarity with the consequences of this novel virus and lack of high-quality data led to considerable heterogeneity in obstetrical and neonatal management early in the pandemic. The aim of the this review is to summarize the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnancy and childbirth and to examine care and possible outcomes for neonates with Covid-19-positive mothers. A brief review of vaccines currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for emergency use and their potential effects on pregnant and lactating women in included.

scholarly journals The Impact of Trade Agreement on Agricultural Trade Flow in West Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Christiana Manu
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This paper analysed the impact of trade agreements on agricultural trade flow in West Africa. The study used 25 major trading partners of Ghana for 25 years between 1995 and 2019. Using the Gravity econometric model, this study finds that being a member of the trade agreement (FTA) is positively related to the aggregate flow of trade in agriculture. Trade agreements are found to increase trade flow with trading in agricultural products; especially trading partners in ECOWAS, if members agree on free trade in such products. The result shows that Ghana’s bilateral exports significantly increase with an increase in domestic and partner wages, and with distance, they decrease significantly. FTA was found to be a positive and significant determinant of Ghana’s bilateral trade in the long and the short run as well. Therefore, when there is a free trade agreement between countries, they tend to trade more among themselves than countries without the trade agreement.

scholarly journals Short-Run Health Consequences of Retirement and Pension Benefits: Evidence from China

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Plamen Nikolov ◽  
Alan Adelman
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Morbidity Burden ◽  
Pension Program ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Pension Benefits ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of the New Rural Pension Scheme (NRPS) in China. Exploiting the staggered implementation of an NRPS policy expansion that began in 2009, we use a difference-in-difference approach to study the effects of the introduction of pension benefits on the health status, health behaviors, and healthcare utilization of rural Chinese adults age 60 and above. The results point to three main conclusions. First, in addition to improvements in self-reported health, older adults with access to the pension program experienced significant improvements in several important measures of health, including mobility, self-care, usual activities, and vision. Second, regarding the functional domains of mobility and self-care, we found that the females in the study group led in improvements over their male counterparts. Third, in our search for the mechanisms that drive positive retirement program results, we find evidence that changes in individual health behaviors, such as a reduction in drinking and smoking, and improved sleep habits, play an important role. Our findings point to the potential benefits of retirement programs resulting from social spillover effects. In addition, these programs may lessen the morbidity burden among the retired population.

In the Hindutva Laboratory: Pogroms and Politics in Gujarat, 2002

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOWARD SPODEK
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
The State ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Communal Violence ◽  
Educational Restructuring ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

AbstractCommunal violence wracked the state of Gujarat and the city of Ahmedabad once again in 2002, leaving some 2,000 people dead. Because the ruling BJP party had proclaimed Gujarat the ‘Laboratory of Hindutva’, analysts throughout India saw the violence as BJP policy and debated its possible spillover effects elsewhere. This paper finds that in a period already marked by stressful economic and cultural change and attended by political uncertainty, some BJP leaders gambled that an attack on Gujarat's Muslims, and on the rule of law in general, would attract followers and voters. Their gamble proved correct at least in the short run. This paper examines the cultural, social, geographical and educational restructuring that is occurring, through legal and illegal struggles, and the impact of the violence upon these processes. It examines the declining status of Muslims as a result of continuous propaganda against them. It analyzes the degree to which the state was damaged as a result of the decision for violence and asks about the degree to which leaders do, or do not, wish to ‘put it behind them’, and suggests that Ahmedabad's problems are widely shared in both the developing and developed worlds.

scholarly journals Does Agricultural Export Promote Nepalese Economic Growth? ARDL Approach Using Structural Break

2021 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 01024
Author(s):  
Amogh Ghimire ◽  
Fu Weiwei ◽  
Peifen Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Structural Break ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of agricultural export on the economic growth in Nepal for the time period of 1970-2015. In this analysis, researchers used the ARDL model using structural break to investigate the relationship between agricultural exports and economic growth in Nepal. Agricultural land, exchange rate, foreign direct investment, trade openness and agricultural environmental pollution have all been included in this analysis. According to estimates, ARDL, tend towards short-run relationship has been validated. Whereas, in the long-run relation we found negative relation. Furthermore, this study found that agricultural land is directly affecting economic growth. This study recommends policies that improve agricultural production and trade should be strongly pursued to help boost a country’s economic growth

scholarly journals Response to Flavored Cartridge/Pod-Based Product Ban among Adult JUUL Users: “You Get Nicotine However You Can Get It”

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Yingst ◽  
Candace R. Bordner ◽  
Andréa L. Hobkirk ◽  
Brianna Hoglen ◽  
Sophia I. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Before And After ◽  
United States Food ◽  
States Food ◽  
The Impact

In order to curb increasing youth electronic cigarette (e-cig) use, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned the sale of flavored cartridge/pod-based products in February 2020. This mixed-methods study aimed to evaluate the impact of the FDA ban on adult JUUL users. The samples of current adult JUUL users were surveyed via Amazon Mechanical Turk at three time-points n = 76 (Sample 1); n = 128 (Sample 2); n = 86 (Sample 3) before and after the FDA flavored/pod ban. The participants were asked to report the JUUL flavored pod used most often and answer questions on purchasing generic pods or refilling (Quantitative). JUUL users were then interviewed in order to explore their perceptions and behaviors related to the FDA ban of flavored cartridge/pod-based products (Qualitative; n = 16). Quantitative data analysis evaluated the differences in variables by time-point. Qualitative data were coded into themes while using the constant comparative method. We found a significant decrease in the use of mint pods (43.4%, 22.7%, 16.3%) (p < 0.01), while there was a significant increase in the use of menthol pods (6.6%, 26.6%, 37.2%) (p < 0.01). Themes that emerged from the qualitative data included switching from mint to menthol pods, refilling pods, and switching to other products that are available in the desired flavors, such as generic pods or disposable e-cigs. Future research is needed in order to evaluate the impact of these behaviors on public health.

scholarly journals The Trade Effect of Trust: Evidence from Agricultural Trade between China and Its Partners

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
Heping Chen ◽  
Chunjie Qi
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

High trust is a booster of trade development, while low trust is a stumbling block. The trust between two countries (regions) will be beneficial to sustainable development for bilateral trade. To investigate the impact of trade partners’ trust on the scale of China’s agricultural export trade, we put trust into the analytical models of international trade, propose a research hypothesis based on the transaction cost economics theory, and construct an extended gravity model for empirical tests. The results show that the level of trust affects the scale of export trade by affecting the size of transaction costs. Higher trust produces trade creation effect, while lower trust produces trade barrier effect. The trade partner’s trust significantly affects the scale of China’s agricultural export trade, and the effect is heterogeneous at different percent quartiles. Even after controlling the endogeneity, the conclusion still holds. We suggest that, in the international trade of agricultural products, the government should constantly improve the quality of formal institution, attach importance to constructing of the informal institution of trust and enhance the social trust to facilitate the development of agricultural trade.

Impact of exchange rate and oil price on the yield of sovereign bond and sukuk: Evidence from Malaysian capital market

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Huda Arshad ◽  
Ruhaini Muda ◽  
Ismah Osman
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Sovereign Bond ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This study analyses the impact of exchange rate and oil prices on the yield of sovereign bond and sukuk for Malaysian capital market. This study aims to ascertain the effect of weakening Malaysian Ringgit and declining of crude oil price on the fixed income investors in the emerging capital market. This study utilises daily time series data of Malaysian exchange rate, oil price and the yield of Malaysian sovereign bond and sukuk from year 2006 until 2015. The findings show that the weakening of exchange rate and oil prices contribute different impacts in the short and long run. In the short run, the exchange rate and oil prices does not have a direct relation with the yield of sovereign bond and sukuk. However, in the long run, the result reveals that there is a significant relationship between exchange rate and oil prices on the yield of sovereign bond and sukuk. It is evident that only a unidirectional causality relation is present between exchange rate and oil price towards selected yield of Malaysian sovereign bond and sukuk. This study provides numerical and empirical insights on issues relating to capital market that supports public authorities and private institutions on their decision and policymaking process.

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