scholarly journals The Trade Effect of Trust: Evidence from Agricultural Trade between China and Its Partners

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
Heping Chen ◽  
Chunjie Qi
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

High trust is a booster of trade development, while low trust is a stumbling block. The trust between two countries (regions) will be beneficial to sustainable development for bilateral trade. To investigate the impact of trade partners’ trust on the scale of China’s agricultural export trade, we put trust into the analytical models of international trade, propose a research hypothesis based on the transaction cost economics theory, and construct an extended gravity model for empirical tests. The results show that the level of trust affects the scale of export trade by affecting the size of transaction costs. Higher trust produces trade creation effect, while lower trust produces trade barrier effect. The trade partner’s trust significantly affects the scale of China’s agricultural export trade, and the effect is heterogeneous at different percent quartiles. Even after controlling the endogeneity, the conclusion still holds. We suggest that, in the international trade of agricultural products, the government should constantly improve the quality of formal institution, attach importance to constructing of the informal institution of trust and enhance the social trust to facilitate the development of agricultural trade.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF CHINA'S REGIONAL AGRICULTURAL EXPORT TRADE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
FENGHE ZHANG ◽  
VIKTORIIA MEDVID
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
The Impact

Since the reform and opening up, especially since its accession to the WTO, China has become an important agricultural trade country in the world. As China's agriculture and the entire national economy share the benefits of global economic integration, they must also meet the impact of fierce market competition, price fluctuations and industrial restructuring caused by this. This study puts the export trade of agricultural products into the national economic growth system and explores the impact and contribution of agricultural export trade to China's economic growth. Based on the theory of international trade in agricultural products and economic growth, the paper analyzes the analysis framework of the impact of international trade in agricultural products on China's regional economic growth. First, based on the realistic understanding of the development of China's agricultural export trade, comprehensive and systematic analysis of the characteristics of China's agricultural export trade development to determine the future trend of it. Secondly, the correlation analysis of SPSS software is used to verify the impact of agricultural export trade on economic growth. Third, based on the test and analysis of the research results, systematically evaluate the contribution of agricultural export trade to China's economic growth. Studies have shown that the increase in agricultural export trade has made great contributions to China's economic development and has become increasingly prominent in economic development. This paper uses the economic data from 2010 to 2017. According to China's 31 administrative divisions and the three economic divisions of the eastern, central and western regions, the technical methods such as absolute value increment analysis and correlation analysis are used to explain the promotion of regional agricultural products to economic development. To this end, China needs to increase investment in agricultural science and technology, promote the development of agricultural industrialization, improve the circulation of agricultural products, reduce the transaction costs of agricultural products, improve the efficiency of international trade in agricultural products, and continuously improve the comprehensive production capacity and international competitiveness of Chinese agricultural products. Keywords: China, regional agricultural products, exports, economic growth, correlation analysis, impact.

scholarly journals Study on China's Agricultural Trade in the Context of Belt and Road

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Meiling Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Favorable Conditions

<p>At present, the strategy of “One Belt and One Road” can promote the development of China’s foreign trade of agricultural products, for agriculture’s “going out” has created favorable conditions. From the current situation of China’s agricultural trade, this strategy has an important impact on a series of problems existing in China’s agricultural export trade, such as high export risk, imperfect trade circulation system, single export structure and foreign trade mode of agricultural products. At the same time, it also helps to realize the diversification of China’s imports. Therefore, under the background of the implementation of “One Belt and One Road” strategy, in order to promote the “going out” of China’s agricultural products, China should reduce the export risk of agricultural product, improve the trade circulation system and optimize the export structure and foreign trade mode of agricultural products.</p>

scholarly journals From Social Trust and Happiness to Government Trust: The Moderating Role of Political Systems and Governance in the Philippines

PCD Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Erickson D Calata ◽  
Reginald G. Ugaddan
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

There are frequent calls to enhance citizens' trust in government to pave the way towards a new paradigm of participatory governance and strong citizen support for government. In various realms, citizens may directly or indirectly engage with the government through various available mediums, even though, despite the availability of various policies and services provided by the government, citizens are generally passive and adamant in trusting the public sector. While many studies have explored a set of determinants that influence citizens' trust in government (i.e., central government, local government, parliament, and the legal system), few studies have ascertained the relationship and the role of social trust, happiness, governance, and political systems. These are critical factors that may influence trust in government. To address this gap, this study draws on the theoretical lens of social capital theory, proposing that cognitive social trust and citizen happiness—environment and performance—are the most likely predictors of citizen trust in government. This study assumes that citizens' perceptions of governance and political systems will moderate the effect of social trust and happiness on trust in government. Using data from the Asia Barometer Survey 2007, and focusing on data collected from the Philippines, this study tests a latent model employing the structural equation modelling technique. It finds that happiness negatively predicts trust in the central government and the legal system, while all other predictors do not have a significant effect. The findings also show that the political system moderates the impact of social trust and happiness on trust in government. Finally, this article points out its theoretical, empirical, and practical implications and provides directions for future research.

scholarly journals The Impact of Structure Similarity of Nontariff Measures on Agricultural Trade

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10545
Author(s):  
Sung Ju Cho ◽  
Saera Oh ◽  
Sang Hyeon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Technical Barriers To Trade ◽  
Structure Similarity ◽  
Regulatory Harmonization ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

This study quantifies the structure similarity of nontariff measures between countries and estimates its impact on bilateral agricultural trade using a structural gravity model. The findings show that a similar structure of technical barriers to trade (TBT) between countries is likely to expand their bilateral trade. However, a similar structure of sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) is shown to have negative impacts on agricultural trade. We also discuss the effects of regulatory harmonization on sustainable development.

scholarly journals Dynamic and spillover effects of USA import refusals on China’s agricultural trade: Evidence from monthly data

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 425-434
Author(s):  
Jiehong Zhou ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Rui Mao
Keyword(s):  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Trade Effect ◽  
United States Food ◽  
Short Run ◽  
States Food ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Impact

Border inspections by developed nations are an essential export barrier to developing countries. Import refusals, in particular, not only exhibit dynamic impacts on exporters’ performance in the refused destination but may also spill over into exports toward third markets. Using a panel structural vector autoregression model, the complete dynamics of China’s agricultural export in response to United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) import refusals is estimated at the monthly level. Despite notable heterogeneities across sectors, negative and positive reactions that last mostly less than a year are revealed respectively for the quantity and price of China’s exports to USA on average. The impact of idiosyncratic component dominates that of common component in the refusal shock, highlighting the sensitivity of exports to sector-specific border inspections. Relative to other refusal charges, larger export contractions tend to follow adulteration charges. The trade effect of FDA refusals spills over into other main export destinations of China. While non-adulteration charges result in trade deflections on average, a contagious export reduction is observed in most non-US markets. These results provide insights for exporters to make strategies with a focus on specific sectors, charges, third markets and especially on the short run to cope with import refusals.

scholarly journals DAMPAK PENERAPAN INDONESIA - JAPAN ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT (IJEPA) TERHADAP NILAI EKSPOR IMPOR INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Jesica Sitepu
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Real Exchange Rate ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
The Real ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to analyze the impact of the IJEPA agreement on bilateral trade (export - import) of Indonesia with Japan using 20 main commodities of trade according to the 2 digit HS code in the period 2001-2018 with the Random Effect Model (REM) estimation model. This study also analyzes whether GDP, population, and the real exchange rate of Indonesia - Japan has an influence on the development of Indonesia's export and import values.          The analysis showed that both before and after the enactment of IJEPA cooperation did not have a significant effect on the value of exports from Indonesia - Japan. The variable GDP, population, and the real exchange rate have a significant effect on exports and imports. Therefore, the government of Indonesia and Japan can review the IJEPA agreement in order to increase the benefits of IJEPA.

The Impact of Trade on Organization and Productivity*

2012 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 1393-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Caliendo ◽  
Esteban Rossi-Hansberg
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Gains From Trade ◽  
Span Of Control ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
Increase In Productivity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Abstract A firm's productivity depends on how production is organized. To understand this relationship we develop a theory of an economy where firms with heterogeneous demands use labor and knowledge to produce. Entrepreneurs decide the number of layers of management and the knowledge and span of control of each agent. As a result, in the theory, heterogeneity in demand leads to heterogeneity in productivity and other firms' outcomes. We use the theory to analyze the impact of international trade on organization and calibrate the model to the U.S. economy. Our results indicate that, as a result of a bilateral trade liberalization, firms that export will increase the number of layers of management. The new organization of the average exporter results in higher productivity, although the responses of productivity are heterogeneous across these firms. Liberalizing trade from autarky to the level of openness in 2002 results in a 1% increase in productivity for the marginal exporter and a 1.8% increase in its revenue productivity. Endogenous organization increases the gains from trade by 41% relative to standard models.

scholarly journals Scambi commerciali agricoli e accordi di partenariato tra Unione Europea e Africa

2009 ◽  
pp. 85-103
Author(s):  
Carri Carlo Bernini ◽  
Maria Sassi
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
The Eu

- The Cotonou Partnership Agreement, signed on 2000, marks the beginning of a new cooperation phase between acp countries and the eu. The iv pillar of the Agreement, aimed at the creation of a free trade area, concerns the economic and trade cooperation and is targeted to make trade in line with the wto rules and to allow the acp countries a full participation to international trade understood as strategic condition for supporting growth and development. In this context, the trade relationships between the eu and Africa are of specific importance when referred to agricultural products. The liberalization process might have a significant impact for the eu as leading world exporter and importer of agricultural goods and the wider destination and origin market of the African food and agricultural products. On the African side, agricultural export are often the primary source of foreign exchange for food imports required for domestic food security. Furthermore, the new Partnership Agreement creates an additional market access only for the agricultural products that, however, might results strongly constrained by the limited supply potential and high eu sps standards. Thus, the analysis of the costs and benefits connected to the liberalization process in both the eu and Africa is relevant for a better understanding of the forthcoming competitive scenario for the agricultural products. This is the topic of the paper that, with reference to the time period from 1995- 2006, provides a preliminary analysis of the main features of the agricultural trade flows between the eu-25 and Africa; the competitive potential of the sector; the explanatory variables of the African export flows trends to the eu-25. Despite the eu is negotiating an Agreement with the African countries as a whole, the analysis also distinguishes among geographic areas in order to estimate the likely different impact of agricultural trade liberalization. To the same aim food and agricultural product are considered separately.JEL Codes: Q17 - Agriculture in International TradeKey words: agricultural trade, trade and development, agricultural competitiveness

scholarly journals The Impact of Trade Agreement on Agricultural Trade Flow in West Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Christiana Manu
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This paper analysed the impact of trade agreements on agricultural trade flow in West Africa. The study used 25 major trading partners of Ghana for 25 years between 1995 and 2019. Using the Gravity econometric model, this study finds that being a member of the trade agreement (FTA) is positively related to the aggregate flow of trade in agriculture. Trade agreements are found to increase trade flow with trading in agricultural products; especially trading partners in ECOWAS, if members agree on free trade in such products. The result shows that Ghana’s bilateral exports significantly increase with an increase in domestic and partner wages, and with distance, they decrease significantly. FTA was found to be a positive and significant determinant of Ghana’s bilateral trade in the long and the short run as well. Therefore, when there is a free trade agreement between countries, they tend to trade more among themselves than countries without the trade agreement.

scholarly journals WTO and India’s Agricultural Trade Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934-1942
Author(s):  
Raghav Bansal, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Agriculture Products

India is an agrarian economy, which contributes about 15 percent of GDP and provides livelihood to more than 50 percent of the total population of the country. WTO has shown a momentous part in the expansion of the export market for developing and developed economy. Several measures are taken by WTO in order to reduce trade restrictions and trade barriers. In this study, we have been analyzed India’s agriculture trade, composition, direction and potential. The study is dependent on secondary data which is gathered from International Trade Centre, Department of Agriculture and Co-operation. Two-digits HS code products range from 01-24 were taken for the study. Few specific two and four-digit HS code products were taken to analyze the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA). Data were taken for the period 2001-2018. The export potential of India in international market was identified using reckoning of Balassa’s index of RCA. Study reveals that there has been a positive agricultural trade balance since 1990-91. In some agriculture commodities like coffee, oilseeds, tea and wheat India has a comparative advantage in export and India have both developed and developing countries such as UAE, USA, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam and Iran are exporting partner. In the last, study suggest that the government of India should focus more on producing agriculture products which has a country comparative advantage in trade like tea, oilseeds, coffee and wheat. Study suggests that EXIM bank should provide adequate credit to encourage agricultural export. The farming should be export-oriented to meet international standards.

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