scholarly journals Effect of provenance and ploidity of red clover varieties on productivity, persistence and growth pattern in mixture with grasses

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hejduk ◽  
P. Knot
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
The Third ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
Growth Differences

In temporary and permanent grasslands, red clover distinctly increases herbage quality and production at low fertilization requirements. Main disadvantage of this species is its insufficient persistence. There are considerable differences in persistence among varieties, which are connected with different adaptability and disease resistance. In this experiment, we assessed the production of dry forage, number of plants and growth differences in eight tetraploid and fourteen diploid varieties grown in mixture with grasses. The highest production of forage for both harvest years was achieved by Czech varieties Spurt and Amos and by Swiss variety Milvus. The lowest forage production was recorded in both years in Swedish one-cut varieties Betty, Jesper and SW Torun. In the second production year, the most yielding was German variety Lucrum, followed by Czech varieties Spurt and Amos. The highest cover in the third production year was reached by Swiss variety Artus (87.8%) while the lowest cover was recorded in Austrian variety Reichersberger Neu (40.0%). Tetraploid varieties exhibited significantly lower contents of dry matter but their productivity and persistence did not differ from diploids. Very suitable for long-term use thus appear Swiss varieties of Mattenklee type (Artus, Milvus), German variety Lucrum and Czech varieties Amos, Spurt and Start.

Haylage from Hungarian sainfoin for cow feeding

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Волошин ◽  
Н. Морозков
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Perennial Legume

По результатам научных исследований, выполненных за ряд лет в растениеводстве и животноводстве, показана целесообразность интродукции в кормопроизводство Пермского края новой многолетней бобовой культуры эспарцета песчаного. По четырёхлетним наблюдениям (2012 2015 годы) в полевых опытах культура не уступала по урожайности кормовой массы традиционному для региона клеверу луговому, а по концентрации обменной энергии и сырого протеина в сухом веществе была на уровне клевера лугового и люцерны изменчивой, но в разы превосходила их по содержанию сахара. Сенаж это единственный вид зимнего корма, максимально сохраняющий обменную энергию, протеин, сахар, каротин, достаточно концентрированный, чтобы обеспечивать потребности высокопродуктивных животных. В 2018 году на Лобановском молочном комплексе ООО Русь в Пермском районе Пермского края были проведены научнохозяйственный и физиологический опыты по скармливанию сенажа из эспарцета песчаного голштинизированным коровам чёрнопёстрой породы. При использовании сенажа из эспарцета песчаного животные в сутки потребляли сухого вещества на 2,3 3,9 кг на голову больше по сравнению с группой, где в рационе было сено (контроль). В результате использования сенажа из эспарцета песчаного переваримость сухого вещества рациона у опытных групп животных была выше на 2,55 5,80 по сравнению с контрольной органического вещества на 2,54 4,14 . За учётный период научнохозяйственного опыта (120 дней) от коров опытных групп получено по 399327,2 и 414431,9 кг молока, что со средней степенью достоверности выше продуктивности животных контрольной группы (391045,4). По содержанию молочного жира и молочного белка преимущество достоверно также было за опытными группами. Затраты корма на 1 кг молока составили в контроле 0,74 энергетических корм. ед. (ЭКЕ), в опытных группах 0,71 и 0,69 ЭКЕ. Hungarian sainfoin was shown to be an effective perennial legume crop in the forage production of the Perm Territory. For 4 years (2012 2015) this crop produced forage mass, exchange energy and crude protein comparable to the ones of red clover and bastard alfalfa but exceeded them significantly in carbohydrate content. Haylage is the only type of winter forage that has sufficient concentrations of exchange energy, protein, carbohydrates and carotene, satisfying needs of highproductive livestock in nutrients. Haylage from Hungarian sainfoin was fed to Holstein BlackandWhite cows in the frame of experiments conducted in 2018. Cows consumed 2.3 3.9 kg more of dry matter (DM) with the haylage, compared to hay (control). Digestibilities of DM and organic matter were 2.55 5.80 and 2.54 4.14 higher than in the control group, respectively. For 120 days the experimental groups produced 3993 27.2 and 4144 31.9 kg of milk versus 3910 45.4 kg of the control one. The former also exceeded the latter in milk fat and protein contents. Fodder costs per 1 kg of milk amounted to 0.74 energy feed units in the control and 0.71 and 0.69 energy feed units in the experimental groups.

scholarly journals Use of rapeseed and pea grain protein supplements for organic milk production

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. KHALILI ◽  
E. KUUSELA ◽  
E. SAARISALO
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Rapeseed Cake ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Cold Pressed

Grass-red clover silage was fed ad libitum. In experiment 1 a duplicated 4 x 4 Latin square design was used. A mixture of oats and barley was given at 8 kg (C). Three isonitrogenous protein supplements were a commercial rapeseed meal (218 g kg-1 dry matter (DM); RSM), crushed organic field pea (Pisum sativum L.) (452 g kg-1 DM; P) and a mixture of pea (321 g kg-1 DM) and organic rapeseed (Spring turnip rape, Brassica rapa L. oleifera subv. annua) (155 g kg-1 DM; PRS). Cows on P and PRS diets produced as much milk as cows on the RSM diet. Milk yield was higher but protein content lower with PRS diet than with diet P. In experiment 2 a triplicated 3 x 3 Latin square design was used. A mixture of oats (395 g kg-1 ), barley (395 g kg-1 ) and a commercial heat-moisture treated rapeseed cake (210 g kg-1 ) was given at 8 kg (RSC). The second diet (ORSC) consisted (g kg-1) of oats (375), barley (375) and cold-pressed organic rapeseed cake (250). The third diet (RSCO) consisted (g kg-1) of oat (395), barley (395) and commercial heat-moisture treated rapeseed cake (250) and additional rapeseed oil (0.38 kg) to balance fat content between ORSC and RSCO diets. There was no dietary effect on the yield of energy corrected milk. Milk yield was higher with RSCO diet compared with other diets.;

scholarly journals THE YIELD STABILITY AND QUALITY OF LEGUMES DURING TWO CONSECUTIVE, EXTREMELY DRY YEARS

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Miriam Kizeková ◽  
Ján Tomaškin ◽  
Jozef Čunderlík ◽  
Ľubica Jančová ◽  
Janka Martincová
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Herbage Quality

Abstract This study highlights the effect of drought and ambient temperature on performance and herbage quality of legume monocultures and grass-legume mixtures. In a field experiment, the total dry matter yield, seasonal pattern of dry matter yield distribution, content of crude protein and crude fibre of monocultures of red clover and alfalfa and grass-legume mixtures were investigated during two consecutive dry years (2011-2012). Alfalfa cultivars Kamila and Tereza grown as monocultures or as mixtures with Festulolium braunii (cultivar Achilles) outperformed the red clover cultivars Fresko and Veles and provided a well-balanced total and seasonal dry matter yield during both years. Across all experimental years, crude protein content was significantly higher at alfalfa monocultures and mixture when compared with clover monocultures (P < 0.05). However, considerable lower content of crude fibre at clover monocultures in comparison with alfalfa ones was found. Responses of nutritive parameters of both legume species to weather variables were different. Crude protein content in red clover was independent of rainfall and temperature. In contrast, the crude fibre content correlated with temperature whereby the alfalfa monocultures showed stronger correlations (P < 0.05) than red clover monocultures.

scholarly journals Forage yield and persistence of red clover progenies in two environments

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Portella Montardo ◽  
Miguel Dall'Agnol ◽  
Nilton Rodrigues Paim
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Physiographic Regions

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the most important temperate legume species, used to lessen the lack of forage during the critical fall-winter period in Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil. However, its utilization has been restricted mainly because of its lack of persistence. This work evaluates the dry matter yield and persistence of red clover half-sib progenies in two physiographic regions of RS: "Depressão Central", in Eldorado do Sul and "Encosta Superior do Nordeste", in Veranópolis. Experiments were carried out for two growing seasons and results were compared to two red clover commercial checks, Qüiñequeli and Estanzuela 116. The region of Veranópolis was more adequate for red clover forage production, enabling better yield and persistence. The best check for both locations was cultivar Estanzuela 116. At Eldorado do Sul persistence was highly affected and some progenies were superior to the best check. At Veranópolis the best check was very productive, with good persistence. The best progenies at both locations were selected to be propagated and submitted to additional recurrent selection cycles.

ETUDE DE L’EFFET DE LA LUZERNE OU DU TREFLE ROUGE ASSOCIE AU BROME OU A LA FLEOLE DES PRES SUR LA PRODUCTION D’HERBAGE AU LAC ST-JEAN

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. DARISSE ◽  
R. DRAPEAU
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
The Third ◽  
N Yield

The authors have evaluated the development and the quality of timothy and bromegrass grown alone and in mixtures with either alfalfa or red clover. Nitrogen-fertilized grasses yielded on the average more dry matter than their mixture counterpart. Either of the grasses with red clover contributed more evenly to yield than with alfalfa. The highest yield of protein was obtained from the association of alfalfa with timothy or bromegrass whereas these grasses were the poorest protein yielders even with 72–90 kg/ha of applied N. Yield contribution of timothy and bromegrass in mixture with either legume increased over the first two harvest years; timothy, however, maintained this trend through the third year while bromegrass reached an equilibrium or decreased. From a roughage quality stand-point a binary mixture of the grasses with alfalfa is the best, followed by the grasses with red clover and finally, the grasses in pure stand.

scholarly journals ECONOMICALLY USEFUL SIGNS AND FEATURES CULTIVATION OF TETRAPLOID VARIETY MEADOW FESCUE 'BINARA'

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zolotarev
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Middle Tier ◽  
Economic Use

Due to the presence of a complex of economically useful signs, meadow fescue is one of the most popular perennial grasses in the country's feed production. To increase the effectiveness of the use of meadow fescue, it is important to develop and introduce new highly productive varieties of this crop into produc-tion practice. In the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology a tetraploid variety of meadow fescue 'Binara' was created. The higher effect of economic use of induced tetraploid varieties is due to the increased buffering of their genotype due to a higher level of intra-population hete-rosis and homeostasis. The collection of green mass of the forage crop of the 'Binara' variety exceeds the standard by 20.6% (diploid variety), dry matter — by 58%. In terms of protein content, the 'Binara' varie-ty exceeds the standard by 1.4%, in terms of carbohydrates — by 4.0%, which provides an increase in the indicators of palatability, digestibility of feed, especially in aftergrass. The palatability of the dry matter of the feed is higher than standard by 8.4%, the digestibility is 4.4%. The seed yield is 650–800 kg/ha and can reach 1000 kg/ha. The weight of 1000 seeds in the 'Binara' variety is 3.7–4.5 g versus 2.0–2.6 g in diploid varieties. Plants are differ by the gigantism of some metameric organs (generative shoots, spike-lets, leaves of the middle tier, etc.). Winter hardiness and disease resistance are stable, disease prevalence is low.

scholarly journals Estimation of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) forage quality parameters depending on the stage of growth

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1563-1569
Author(s):  
J. Markovic ◽  
R. Strbanovic ◽  
D. Terzic ◽  
R. Stanisavljevic ◽  
D. Djokic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes that take place in nutrient values of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cv K-27 at different stages of growth in the second and the third cut. The samples from different stages of growth: mid-bud stage, around 60% flowering and full flowering were investigated for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI), relative feed value (RFV), total digestible nutrients (TDN), net energy-lactation (NEl), net energy-maintenance (NEm) and net energy-gain (NEg) content. Higher content of crude protein was found in the third cut (262.1 g kg-1 of DM) than in the second cut (260.8 g kg-1 of DM) in the first stage of development. TDN, DDM, DMI, RFV, NEl, NEm and NEg were calculated according to the appropriate equations adapted from common formulas for forages. The stage of plant development has a significant influence on the chemical composition and the relative feed value of red clover. The achieved results show that adequate maturity stage for cutting might be at mid-bloom stage, when crude protein content, NEl, NEm and NEg content are high.

Establishment studies VI. The effect of method of establishment on long-term leys in the first harvest

1963 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
A. H. Charles
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Harvest Year

1. The method of establishment markedly affected the yield of red clover in the first harvest year, the highest yield being obtained when a cover crop was used, in the absence of which red clover yield was reduced by frequent grazing during establishment. White clover made little growth in the first harvest year; the yield was best without a cover crop under frequent grazing during establishment.2. Nitrogen applied in the seed bed did not affect the growth of red clover in the first harvest year, but depressed the white clover under infrequent defoliation without a cover crop. There was no significant effect under the other management.3. The total yield of red and white clovers was lower, when sown with the rapidly establishing ryegrass or ryegrass-dominant general-purpose mixtures, than with cocksfoot or timothy mixtures. Weed growth, although not prominent, was far greater in the timothy and cocksfoot swards than in those based on ryegrass.4. A close parallel existed between the growth of red clover and the dry matter and yield of crude protein. The highest figures were recorded when management during establishment had favoured the growth of the red clover.5. Nitrogen applied in the seed bed reduced the percentage of crude protein in all mixtures in the spring and autumn grazings, and in the hay crop of the first harvest year. Management which encouraged the growth of red clover increased the crude protein percentage of herbage in the spring and autumn, but depressed it in the aftermath cut.6. A number of interactions occurred when the relative yields of dry matter and crude protein of mixtures in the first harvest year were modified by treatments applied during establishment. There are significant indications that the method of establishment is a factor to be considered in evaluating various mixtures.

The effect of pre-graze mowing on milk production of dairy cows grazing grass–herb–legume pastures managed under contrasting spring defoliation regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Cun ◽  
G. R. Edwards ◽  
R. H. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
Production Study ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
Late Control ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Strategies to increase herbage dry-matter (DM) production are sought for dairy systems. One proposed strategy is tactical spring defoliation with greater pre-grazing herbage mass and higher post-grazing heights. However, there are concerns over the effects of these strategies on herbage quality, DM intake and milk production. Irrigated, diverse pastures in Canterbury, New Zealand, containing perennial ryegrass, white clover, chicory, plantain and lucerne, were managed over two grazing rotations in spring under normal (grazed to 3.5 cm) or lax management (grazed to 5 cm, allowing early ryegrass seedhead development before normal grazing at anthesis ‘late control’). On the third grazing rotation, a milk production study was conducted. Thirty-six, mid-lactation spring calving Friesian × Jersey dairy cows were allocated to nine groups of four cows and randomly allocated to three replicates of the following three treatments: (1) normal grazing (Norm), (2) lax grazing of standing herbage (Lax) and (3) lax grazing with pre-graze mowing of herbage (Mow). Cows were offered a daily herbage allocation of 30 kg DM/cow above ground level, with milk production measured over 8 days. Pastures managed under lax management had higher pre-grazing herbage mass (4149 kg DM/ha) than did pastures managed under normal management (3105 kg DM/ha), but all treatments had similar metabolisable energy (~12.26 MJ ME/kg DM). Daily milksolid (MS) production tended to be lower (P = 0.07) for cows grazing pastures managed under Lax and Mow (2.34 and 2.24 MS/cow.day respectively) than with Norm (2.43 MS/cow.day). Although there was no difference in daily MS production between mowing and greater pre-graze herbage mass, switching from a high to low grazing residual managed by either grazing or mowing in late spring is likely to have a negative impact on milk production.

scholarly journals HERBAGE PRODUCTION OF PASTURE LEGUMES AT THREE SITES IN OTAGO

1975 ◽  
pp. 182-195
Author(s):  
R.B. Allen ◽  
I.R. Mcdonald ◽  
N.A. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Matter Production

White clover (Trifolium repens), red clover (T. pratense), subtcrrnnean clover (T. subterraneum) and alsike clover (T. hybridum) were sown singly or in combinations at three sites in Otago. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was included in all clover treatments and was also sown alone. Lucerne (Medicago sativa) was sown alone at two sites. Herbage dry matter production was measured over a three-year period. At the high fertility lnvermay site, white and red clovers gave similar total and legume dry matter production and were markedly superior to alsike and subterranean clovers. White and nlsike clovers were most productive at the higher altitude, low fertility Berwick site, and at the dry, medium fertility Dunback site red clover produced the highest yields. Lucerne greatly outyielded all other species in the second and third years at Invermay and in the third year at Dunback.

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