scholarly journals The effect of inbreeding on the growth ability of meat sheep breeds in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Michaela Černá ◽  
Michal Milerski ◽  
Michala Mušková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Meat Sheep ◽  
Growth Ability

The aim of this study was to present the trend of inbreeding and to estimate the effect of inbreeding on the growth ability of lambs in the three most common sire breeds in the Czech Republic: Suffolk (SF; n = 49 345), Charollais (CH; n = 14 189) and Texel (T; n = 10 481). The growth ability of lambs was evaluated between 2000 and 2019 based on the weight at 100 days of age. The average inbreeding coefficient for Suffolk, Charollais and Texel was 0.013, 0.012 and 0.011, respectively. The average number of known generations was 5.260 for Suffolk, 3.355 for Charollais and 3.709 for Texel. To evaluate growth ability, lambs were divided into four groups according to the inbreeding coefficient (F = 0.00, 0.00 < F ≤ 0.062 5, 0.062 5 < F ≤ 0.125, F > 0.125). The results of this study show the negative effect of inbreeding on the growth ability of lambs was significant (P < 0.05). The regression coefficients of the weight for Suffolk, Charollais and Texel lambs for a change of 1% in inbreeding were estimated to be –0.028, –0.053 and –0.048, respectively.

scholarly journals Loose Monetary Policy and Corporate Investment of Manufacturing Firms in the Czech Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-385
Author(s):  
Veronika Kajurová ◽  
Dagmar Linnertová
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Corporate Investment ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Low Interest Rates ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract The aim of the paper is to evaluate the effects of loose monetary policy on corporate investment of manufacturing firms in the Czech Republic during the period between 2006 and 2015. The main focus of the paper is on the effect of low interest rates on investment activity of Czech firms; additionally, the effects of interactions between interest rate and other firm-specific variables are investigated. The results indicate that corporate investment is positively associated with firm size, investment opportunities, and long term debt. Also, a negative effect of the cash position is found. Further, the findings show that monetary policy is a significant determinant of firm investment activity: when the monetary policy is loose, investment is positively affected. Furthermore, differences in the determinants of investment between highly and low leveraged firms were revealed.

scholarly journals Development of mergers in the Czech Republic in 2001–2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Hýblová ◽  
Jaroslav Sedláček ◽  
Zuzana Křížová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Practice ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Access To Knowledge ◽  
The Right

One of consequences of the substantial market globalization is company transformations, which essentially affect the creation, existence or dissolution of companies; their number has been on the increase in recent years. They are mergers and acquisitions; mergers represent a combination of companies, whereas acquisitions involve selling, purchase or investments of companies. The main reason for a merger is economic growth which can be provided in various ways: these are e.g. decreases in costs, strengthening of a position in the market or access to new markets, decrease in prices and thus gaining new customers, access to knowledge or diversification of risks.The process of a merger is a highly demanding matter which includes the economic view (a choice of the right partner, setting merger objectives, preparation of merger project) and the legal view as the merger involves commercial law, reporting and taxation legislation. Discrepancies in the legal, reporting and taxation procedures in the area can have a negative effect on the process of merger and economic practice. The development of mergers and acquisitions and their success rate is related to the development of the economic and legislative environment. An important aspect is also the successfulness of mergers in the following year which will confirm (or not) the quality of all previous decisions.Research studies conducted in this field focus on mergers with the aim to evaluate procedures during mergers. An important part of research is an analysis of the effect of a merger on the evaluation of the successor company’s performance, changes in capital and capital structure of the entities. The aim of the paper is to publish first partial results in this direction of research. The first part of the research focuses on the creation of a database of companies as this is essential for practical verification of the results of the theoretical research. Due to the fact that there is no similar official statistics in the Czech Republic, its creation needs to be devoted great attention. It is also vital to define the transactions which will be included in the total number so that the results are relevant.

Does housing market impair employment in The Czech Republic?

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Konecný ◽  
Dominik Stroukal
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Western World ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Building Societies ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The main aim of this paper is to find whether homeownership can have detrimental effect on employment in The Czech Republic. Design/methodology/approach – Oswald’s conjecture is tested on the set of panel data across Czech regions between the years of 2005 and 2012. Findings – By testing a model similar to Oswald’s, this paper receives the similar result that the rate of homeownership leads to higher rate of unemployment in following years. The second model tested in the paper does not support previous findings that regional rate of homeownership has negative effect on individual’s probability of being unemployed. Research limitations/implications – Findings of this paper are valid only for The Czech Republic. Possible refinements to the model are presented as inspiration for further research. Practical implications – Results bring a powerful argument into debate about subsidization of homeowners through building societies. Originality/value – This paper is a first examination of Oswald’s hypothesis in The Czech Republic. It opens a debate about whether Oswald’s conjecture holds outside of the Western world.

scholarly journals In defense of shock therapy: Post-socialist transition of the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Beaulier ◽  
Peter Boettke ◽  
Leonid Krasnozhon
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Shock Therapy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Therapy Approach ◽  
Negative Effect

Popov (2007, 2000), Kolodko (2000), and Stiglitz (1999) argue that a shock therapy approach has a negative effect on post-socialist transition. Their benchmark for shock therapy, however, refers to the debate on the speed of market reforms. We propose that a more meaningful benchmark is the experience of the Czech Republic, Russia, and other transition economies which share similar approach to the market reforms, but have solved political economy problems of credibility and commitment differently. We compare the Czech Republic’s economic, political, and social performance to these benchmarks in all other post-socialist countries since they began their transitions. We find that the Czech transition is a consistent success because the Havel shock therapy has solved the political economy problems of reform’s credibility and state’s commitment to reform.

scholarly journals Analysis of Genotype, Dam’s Litter Size and Their Interaction on Selected Productive Traits of Origin Wallachian and Sumava Sheep in the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ptáček ◽  
Jaromír Ducháček ◽  
Luděk Stádník ◽  
Milena Fantová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Productive Traits

The objective of the study was to evaluate interaction effect of genotype and dam’s litter size on selected productive traits of origin Czech sheep breeds. The data was provided by the Union of Sheep and Goat Breeders in the Czech Republic and contained the whole active purebred population of Wallachian and Sumava sheep in the Czech Republic in 2015. Selected productive traits with affiliation to ewes ‘reproductive and lambs’ growth performance were analyzed. Statistical evaluation of was conducted using SAS 9.3. (SAS/STAT® 9.3., 2011), GLM procedure. No significant differences were detected among Wallachian sheep regardless theirs litter size. Significantly lower total number of lambs born (−0.26 to −0.30 lamb) or reared at 14 days (−0.15 to −0.21 lamb) and 100 days (−0.24 to −0.27 lamb) of age per ewe per lambing were observed in groups of Sumava sheep born as singles and twins in comparison to triplets and quadruplets group. Similarly, Sumava sheep of single and twins reached significantly lower total number of lambs born (−0.23 to −0.34 lamb) or reared at 14 days (−0.22 to −0.33 lamb) and 100 days (−0.28 to −0.41 lamb) of age per ewe per lambing to Wallachian sheep regardless their dam’s litter size. No significant decrease of group of Sumava sheep born as triplets and quadruplets was detected in comparison to Wallachian sheep. Moreover, higher (+2.6 kg, P < 0.05) total live weight of lambs at 100 days of age from total number of lambs reared at 100 days of age per ewe was detected in group of Sumava born as triplets and quadruplets in comparison to group of Wallachian sheep born as twins. Both sheep breeds are useable in the crossing with other sheep breeds in specified conditions. Results of presented study suggested also potential aim breeding process in Sumava sheep.

scholarly journals Frequent Discounts and Loss of VAT for the State Budget of the Czech Republic: Scenario Estimations for Milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6229
Author(s):  
Mikhail Krivko ◽  
Lukáš Moravec ◽  
Gabriela Kukalová ◽  
Luboš Smutka ◽  
Daniela Šálková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Price Discounts ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Frequent price discounts have become one of the features of retail chains in the Czech Republic. Discounts are most often provided for products popular with customers. One of the products that is subject to frequent discounts is milk. Several expert opinions estimate that up to 50% of milk is sold with frequent price discounts. Price pressure on farmers and food producers owing to frequent price promotions is supported by the purchasing power of retailers and, in extreme cases, leads to sub-cost purchasing prices. These facts set up the framework to assess the impact of frequent price discounts on policymaking, including tax administration. One of the effects of selling goods at discounts is lower VAT collection from shops, and thus lower revenue to the state budget. This paper attempts to estimate one of the potential impacts of frequent price discounts, namely the loss of VAT for the state budget due to low retail prices of milk. Theoretical estimation of the effect of frequent price discounts on VAT can help to assess policy that touches on mark-ups in specific markets, such as food. The estimation is based on data obtained from Czech Statistical Office, FADN, and Orbis databases and employs Monte Carlo simulation to capture the stochastic element of retail markups. Sub-cost prices of producers of milk have a more significant negative effect on VAT revenue than prices of other supply chain participants. The theoretical effect on VAT revenue is estimated to be in the range from a negative effect of 14.9 billion CZK to a positive effect of 7.4 billion CZK. Values of zero VAT effect points (mark-ups of producers, dairies, and retailers) are shown, as well as the critical value of price elasticity of demand (−0.1715), at which the effect of frequent price discounts on VAT revenue is zero.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Populations of Akhal-Teke Horses from the Czech Republic, Russia, Estonia and Switzerland

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Jiskrová ◽  
Irena Vrtková ◽  
Michaela Prausová
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
The Mean

Our research objective was to evaluate the genetic parameters in the populations of Akhal-Teke horses in 4 countries: Czech Republic, Russia, Estonia and Switzerland. The experiment involved a total of 325 Akhal-Teke horses; 121 horses came from the Czech Republic, 152 were from Russia, 28 were from Estonia and 24 horses came from Switzerland. For the divided database of micro satellites we evaluated the following parameters: effective number of alleles, frequency of alleles for the groups of horses; the observed heterozygosity (HO); the expected heterozygosity (HE); the inbreeding coefficient (Fis); and the genetic distance. The researched population is polymorphous. The population in the Czech Republic differs from the other three countries in the numbers of alleles per locus. The Czech population also includes Akhal-Teke horses which are not purebred Akhal-Teke horses. A confirmation of this fact is the effective number of alleles. The population in the Czech Republic exhibits the highest mean number of effective alleles. The Akhal-Teke population in Estonia exhibits the highest mean observed heterozygosity. By contrast, the population in the Czech Republic exhibits the lowest mean observed heterozygosity. In the Czech Republic the mean Fis value is a positive number indicating a reduced number of heterozygotes in the Czech Akhal-Teke population. The genetic distance is the highest between populations of horses bred in Russia and Estonia. The genetic distance is the lowest between populations of Akhal-Teke horses bred in Russia and in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Causes of admission and outcomes of brown hare (Lepus europaeus) leverets at wildlife rescue centres in the Czech Republic

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Lukesova ◽  
Eva Voslarova ◽  
Vladimir Vecerek ◽  
Katarina Nenadovic
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Brown Hare ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Time Of Admission ◽  
Hare Population

Abstract Background Wildlife rescue centres care for orphaned and injured young as an integral part of their work. However, inappropriate interventions in nature can have a negative effect on the survival of young hares, especially when the care of these young is not very successful. The aim of this study was to assess the number of brown hare leverets admitted to rescue centres in the Czech Republic in the period from 2010 to 2019, the causes of their admission to rescue centres and their outcomes. Results We evaluated the number of brown hare leverets admitted to rescue centres in the Czech Republic in the period from 2010 to 2019 and the outcomes associated with their leaving these rescue centres. We found that the number of brown hare leverets admitted increased during the monitored period (rSp = 0.6364, p < 0.05). The most frequent reasons for admission were the admission of orphaned young (49.15%), leverets brought needlessly (19.60%) and leverets that had been bitten by other animals (18.63%). More (p < 0.05) young admitted to rescue centres died (40.76%) than were reared successfully and released back into the wild (32.40%). Leverets that had been caught needlessly or orphaned and late-born leverets survived and could be released back into the wild (38.56, 34.51 and 52%, respectively), while fatalities were recorded in most leverets bitten by another animal (65.05%) or hit in a collision with a vehicle (97.06%). Most young hares (76.92%) that were exhausted or starved at the time of admission could not be saved. Conclusions Since only a small proportion of hares in a litter survive until adulthood in the wild, young animals being found and taken needlessly to rescue centres may harm the hare population. Our results show that only around one in three healthy young hares admitted to rescue centres are reared successfully. It is, in our opinion, of fundamental importance to the protection of brown hare leverets to inform the public of this issue and prevent needless interventions into natural rearing in the wild.

scholarly journals Effect of conditions of locality, variety and fertilization on the content of ascorbic acid in potato tubers

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hamouz ◽  
J. Lachman ◽  
P. Dvořák ◽  
O. Dušková ◽  
M. Čížek
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Negative Effect

The effect of conditions of locality, variety and fertilization on ascorbic acid (AA) content in potato tubers was investigated in precise field trials in 2004 and 2005 in the Czech Republic. From four localities and in the two-year average the highest AA was statistically determined in the locality of Prerov nad Labem with the highest average temperature values during both experimental years (by 6.7 to 11.5% higher in comparison to other localities). Similarly, the effect of variety was also very significant; Marabel variety had the highest AA content (207.2 mg/kg fw) and exceeded other seven varieties by 15&minus;49%. A negative effect on AA content in tubers was observed in the case of an increased intensity of N fertilization (at 180 kg N/ha AA decrease was lower by 6.1% compared to doses 100 kg N/ha). On the contrary, a favourable effect was determined at increased levels of potassium and magnesium fertilization (at 166 kg K/ha and 60 kg Mg/ha AA increase was by 6.2% higher compared to the levels of 108 kg K/ha and 30 kg Mg/ha).

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