scholarly journals Spatial pattern of Norway spruce and silver fir natural regeneration in uneven-aged mixed forests of northeastern Bohemia

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Š. Hofmeister ◽  
M. Svoboda ◽  
J. Souček ◽  
S. Vacek
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Stable Growth

Two permanent sample plots (both 0.25 ha) were established in a mixed forest in the Orlické hory Mts. Protected Landscape Area (northeastern Bohemia) to analyze the natural regeneration of Norway spruce (<I>Picea abies</I> [L.] Karst.) and silver fir (<I>Abies alba</I> Mill.). All the seedlings (height 0.1–0.5 m), saplings (height 0.5 m, <I>d</I><sub>1.3</sub> 3 cm) and trees (<I>d</I><sub>1.3</sub> > 3 cm) were localized and measured. The analysis of the spatial pattern and statistical evaluation were carried out by means of Ripley’s <I>K</I>-function. All the growth stages of the spruce and the fir showed an aggregated (clump) pattern, whereas the regeneration of fir was positively correlated with mature spruces and the regeneration of spruce was in a positive relation with mature firs. The results indicate that for germination and stable growth in the first stages of development, the fir can find more favourable conditions under the crowns of spruce trees and the spruce under mature firs.

Dynamics of Norway spruce and silver fir natural regeneration in a mixed stand under uneven-aged management

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Grassi ◽  
Gianfranco Minotta ◽  
Giustino Tonon ◽  
Umberto Bagnaresi
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Gap Formation ◽  
Canopy Layer ◽  
Spatial Continuity

In a 0.75-ha plot in a Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) – silver fir (Abies alba Miller) stand in Comelico (Italian eastern Alps), we analysed (i) the distribution and growth of natural regeneration of Norway spruce and silver fir as affected by stand structure and (ii) the age structure of all saplings between 0.2 and 10 m in height in a 30-year-old gap. In both species, most natural regeneration was clumped and located at the margin of the gaps; however, fir saplings were more represented in understorey environments and less represented in gaps as compared with spruce. Age structure of natural regeneration in the selected gap revealed that the majority (75%) of saplings appeared after the formation of the gap; however, for regeneration taller than 2 m (which has a better chance of reaching the uppermost canopy layer), saplings already present at gap formation predominated. We conclude that (i) gap edges represent a preferential regeneration niche in this forest and (ii) saplings established before gap formation can play an important role in gap refilling. These results provide useful information to ensure, through silvicultural practices, favourable conditions for the temporal and spatial continuity of the regeneration process.

Relative abundance and potential dispersal range of intersterility groups of Heterobasidion annosum in pure and mixed forests

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1057-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Gonthier ◽  
Matteo Garbelotto ◽  
Giovanna Cristina Varese ◽  
Giovanni Nicolotti
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Forest Pathogen ◽  
Limited Gene Flow ◽  
Intersterility Groups

In Europe the forest pathogen Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. includes the S, P, and F intersterility groups (ISGs), each displaying a preferential specialization on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), pine, and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), respectively. In this paper, we present data about (i) H. annosum ISGs frequency in different forest types, (ii) the degree of host specificity of each ISG, (iii) the significance of the potential movement of airborne spores among forests, and (iv) the occurrence of S–P chimeras in the northwestern Alps. Using woody spore traps, we sampled natural pure spruce and fir forests and a mixed spruce-fir forest. The ISG of 582 spores was determined by ISG-diagnostic taxon-specific competitive priming (TSCP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with PCR-mediated detection of ISG-specific introns in the ML5–ML6 DNA region of the mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA (mt LrRNA). All three ISGs were found, and a strong correlation was observed between the F ISG and fir and the S ISG and spruce. In the mixed forest, no clear relationship between tree host species and host-specialized ISGs was found. In spite of a relative dominance of fir in the overstory of the mixed stand, the fir-associated F ISG represented only 11% of the total number of spores collected. This discrepancy was explained by the recent establishment of firs at this site. No S–P nuclear-mitochondrial chimeras were found. This suggests limited gene flow between these ISGs.Key words: Heterobasidion annosum, host specificity, ISGs, gene flow, PCR, Alps.

scholarly journals On the Occurrence of Natural Norway Spruce Woodland in the Pieniny Mts (Western Carpathians)

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Peter Kučera
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Altitudinal Limit

Abstract According to Kulczyński (1928), a natural Picea abies forest occurs in the mountain range of the Pieniny Mts on the slopes of the mountain Vysoke skalky. Later, various data on the altitudinal range of this stand (and thus on the locality itself) were published: (1) 890 (900) - 950 m, (2) 1000 - 1050 m or (3) around 1000 m. The aim of the field research was to verify published data on the occurrence of a woodland of Upper Mountain Norway spruce (association Polysticho-Piceetum) in the territory of Vysoke skalky. A field study in the area has revealed that most of published data on the occurrence of the Kulczyński’s Picea woodland are incorrect, as its real upper altitudinal limit reaches ± 940 m. The main result is the confirmation of the real existence of a Vaccinium myrtillus-Homogyne alpina-Picea abies phytocoenosis in the territory of Vysoke skalky. However, tree species other than Picea abies (e.g. Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba, Acer pseudoplatanus) could persist in the special habitat of Kulczyński’s ‘Picea woodland’. The natural vegetation of this place was formed by mixed forest stand.

scholarly journals Situation of Armillaria spp. and Heterobasidion spp. in Slovenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9
Author(s):  
Ana Brglez ◽  
Nikica Ogris
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Coniferous Trees ◽  
Current State ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Pinus Spp

Species of the genus Armillaria and Heterobasidion are among the most common causes of stem and root rot in Slovenia. Armillaria spp. infects deciduous and coniferous trees, while Heterobasidion spp. mainly threatens Norway spruce (Picea abies), pines (Pinus spp.), and silver fir (Abies alba). On the basis of the data about the sanitary felling of infected trees, we estimated the current state and calculated the proportions represented in total felling, total sanitary felling, total sanitary felling due to diseases, in wood stock, and in increments from 2013 to 2017. Since 2014, there has been a constant increase in the sanitary felling of deciduous and coniferous trees due to infections with Armillaria spp. In 2017, 32,849 m3 of timber were harvested due to Armillaria spp. Given the present situation, we assume that the amount of sanitary felling will continue to increase, but it will not account for large shares in wood stock or increment (< 1 %). In 2017, sanitary felling of infected conifers represented 27.6 % of all sanitary felling due to diseases. In the case of deciduous trees, the share was lower, i.e. 7.1 %. Armillaria spp. was the main cause of sanitary felling due to disease (51.9 %) in the Postojna forest management unit (FMU), while elsewhere shares of up to 10 % were recorded. With Heterobasidion spp., the amount of felling is decreasing over the years. In 2017, 33,922 m3 of wood, accounting for 15.7 % of the total sanitary felling due to disease, were felled due to Heterobasidion spp. A comparison of the felling of Norway spruce, silver fir, and Scots pine due to Heterobasidion spp. shows the different proportions of felling within the total sanitary felling due to the diseases. In Norway spruce, it is on average 79.5 %, in silver fir 12.9 %, and in Scots pine 34.3 %. We assume that the volume of timber harvested due to Heterobasidion spp. will gradually decrease over the years due to the lower wood stocks of Norway spruce, which has recently been hit by numerous natural disasters and infestation of bark beetles. However, the incidence will be higher due to climate change affects.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Trans-geographic Observational Network Design for Revelation of Growth Pattern in Mountain Forests Across Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-187
Author(s):  
H. Pretzsch ◽  
T. Hilmers ◽  
E. Uhl ◽  
M. del Río ◽  
A. Avdagić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Yield Data

AbstractUnderstanding tree and stand growth dynamics in the frame of climate change calls for large-scale analyses. For analysing growth patterns in mountain forests across Europe, the CLIMO consortium compiled a network of observational plots across European mountain regions. Here, we describe the design and efficacy of this network of plots in monospecific European beech and mixed-species stands of Norway spruce, European beech, and silver fir.First, we sketch the state of the art of existing monitoring and observational approaches for assessing the growth of mountain forests. Second, we introduce the design, measurement protocols, as well as site and stand characteristics, and we stress the innovation of the newly compiled network. Third, we give an overview of the growth and yield data at stand and tree level, sketch the growth characteristics along elevation gradients, and introduce the methods of statistical evaluation. Fourth, we report additional measurements of soil, genetic resources, and climate smartness indicators and criteria, which were available for statistical evaluation and testing hypotheses. Fifth, we present the ESFONET (European Smart Forest Network) approach of data and knowledge dissemination. The discussion is focussed on the novelty and relevance of the database, its potential for monitoring, understanding and management of mountain forests toward climate smartness, and the requirements for future assessments and inventories.In this chapter, we describe the design and efficacy of this network of plots in monospecific European beech and mixed-species stands of Norway spruce, European beech, and silver fir. We present how to acquire and evaluate data from individual trees and the whole stand to quantify and understand the growth of mountain forests in Europe under climate change. It will provide concepts, models, and practical hints for analogous trans-geographic projects that may be based on the existing and newly recorded data on forests.

scholarly journals Effects of gap size on natural regeneration and micro-environmental soil conditions in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) dominated mixed forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 607-615
Author(s):  
Maame Esi Hammond ◽  
Radek Pokorný
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

The study focused on the effects of gap size on natural regeneration of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and micro-environmental soil conditions in gaps of different sizes under temperate mixed forest in the Czech Republic. Six gaps comprising two for small (≥ 200 m<sup>2</sup>), medium (≥ 500 m<sup>2</sup>) and big (≥ 900 m<sup>2</sup>) each were selected. Ten circular 1 m<sup>2</sup> subsampling plots were established at 2 m intervals along individual North-South-East-West transects, including one at the gap centre. Regeneration was monitored in 2014 and repeatedly in 2019. Soil conditions were only measured in 2019. Gap size was found to be a significant parameter for European beech natural regeneration in 2014. Besides, the quick occupation of European beech in gaps at natural beech zone provoked its prolific regeneration compared to Norway spruce in 2014. However, in 2019 the recent threat of weather variabilities was responsible for the general abysmal growth performance of natural regeneration. Division of gap microsites into different within-gap positions based on prevailing light or shade conditions was helpful in assessing the significant variations of soil conditions within-gap positions and among gap sizes. Soil temperature and moisture significantly influenced the regeneration of European beech and Norway spruce, respectively.  

scholarly journals Effects of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) on the humus forms in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) stands

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Podrázský Vilém ◽  
Vacek Zdeněk ◽  
Kupka Ivo ◽  
Vacek Stanislav ◽  
Třeštík Michal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Top Soil

The effects of silver fir (Abies alba Miller) on the soil compared to Norway spruce (Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten) were evaluated. Altitude of the study site is 790 m a.s.l., mild slope of 10° facing SW, forest site is spruce-beech on acid soil. The forest floor and top soil horizons (L + F1, F2 + H, Ah) were sampled in 4 replications beneath unmixed Norway spruce and silver fir groups. Comparing the soil-forming effects of both species, few significant differences were found in the Ah horizon – contents of total C, N, exchangeable Al and plant available Ca were higher beneath spruce. The soil improving role of silver fir compared to spruce was confirmed at the studied locality.

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