Bacterial biofilms resist oxidising agents due to the presence of organic matter

This study evaluated the susceptibility of planktonic and biofilm cells of Staphylococcus spp. (n = 87), Klebsiella spp. (n = 30), and Escherichia coli (n = 74) isolates originating from food contact surfaces of milk and meat processing plants to benzalkonium chloride (BAC), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), chloramine B (CAB), and peracetic acid (PAA). Bacterial growth and reduction of viable cells in the presence of disinfectants were determined in tryptone soya broth (TSB) and water, respectively. Biofilm positive isolates (n = 73) were tested for the presence of selected qac genes. Unlike BAC, chlorine‑based disinfectants and PAA were poorly efficient in TSB, especially in the case of biofilms. However, when tested in water, the efficacy of NaClO, CAB and PAA substantially increased, which was particularly evident in biofilms. In water, staphylococcal biofilms were even more susceptible to CAB than planktonic cells. A part (23.3%) of the biofilm positive staphylococci carried the qac genes but did not express an increased resistance to BAC. This study showed that bacterial biofilms protected with organic matter could be one of the main reasons for disinfection failure.  

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Microbial contamination after sanitation of food contact surfaces in dairy and meat processing plants

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/65/2009-cjfs ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 450-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

J. Schlegelová ◽

V. Babák ◽

M. Holasová ◽

L. Konstantinová ◽

L. Necidová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Products ◽

Raw Material ◽

Meat Processing ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Food Contact ◽

Food Contact Surfaces ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Processing Plants ◽

Contact Surfaces ◽

Staphylococcus Spp

The occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Escherichia coli in raw food materials, food products, and on food contact surfaces after sanitation was investigated during the period of 2005–2006 in three dairy cattle farms (120 samples), one dairy (124 samples), and two meat processing plants (160 samples). A total of 1409 isolates were identified. The epidemiological characterisation and determination of the virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance were performed on selected isolates. The level of bacterial contamination generally decreased during the production process (the contamination of food products was lower than that of raw material). However, the contamination of food contact surfaces was relatively high even after sanitation. Moreover, specific microbiological profiles were found on the inside equipment surfaces in dairy facilities, where genetically closely related multi-resistant strains persisting in biofilm communities may occur as demonstrated for staphylococci. Although the occurrence of potentially significant pathogens was not high, the microorganisms such as L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and shiga-toxin positive E. coli principally contaminated the meat processing plants. B. cereus isolates, among which 76% were positive for diarrhogenic enterotoxin, typically occurred on the inside equipment surfaces and in the heat-treated products.

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Isolation and Identification of Adherent Gram-Negative Microorganisms from Four Meat-Processing Facilities

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-60.9.1135 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 60 (9) ◽

pp. 1135-1138 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

SCOTT K. HOOD ◽

EDMUND A. ZOTTOLA

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Cast Iron ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽

Meat Processing ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Plant Environment ◽

Food Contact Surfaces ◽

Processing Plants

Biofilms are described as a matrix of microorganisms which have adhered to and colonized a surface. Once formed, biofilms are difficult to remove and may be a source of contamination in food-processing environments. In this study, stainless-steel chips were fixed to surfaces adjacent to food-contact surfaces and cast-iron chips were suspended in the floor drains of four meat-processing plants. Biofilm formation was quantified by staining the attached cells and viewing them under epifluorescence microscopy. The stainless-steel and cast-iron chips removed from the plant environment showed some attached microorganisms. Floor drains appeared to provide an excellent environment for the formation of biofilms. Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Aeromonas, and Hafnia species were identified as gram-negative microorganisms associated with the test surfaces.

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Microbiological evaluation of food contact surfaces at red meat processing plants in Istanbul, Turkey

Italian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4081/ijas.2006.277 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 277-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ömer Çetin ◽

Tolga Kahraman ◽

Serkan Kemal Büyükünal

Keyword(s):

Red Meat ◽

Meat Processing ◽

Food Contact ◽

Food Contact Surfaces ◽

Processing Plants ◽

Contact Surfaces

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Methodical guidelines on the control of fasciolosis in cattle in the Kaluga region

Russian Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.31016/1998-8435-2018-12-2-108-116 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 108-116

Author(s):

A.M. Ustinov ◽

R.T. Safiullin ◽

R.R. Safiullin

Keyword(s):

Infected Animal ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Adult Stage ◽

Federal District ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Pond Snail ◽

Meat Processing ◽

Processing Plants ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Kaluga Region

Information is provided on the causative agents of fasciolosis and the developmental biology of Fasciola hepatica. Fasciolosis of cattle is widespread in the conditions of the Kaluga Region and the Central Federal District on farms of different forms of ownership. The greatest number of F. hepatica eggs in 1 g of feces in cattle is established in JSC "Iskra" - 175,4 specimens, the lowest - in the samples from cows from private farms - 87,6 sp. At the opening slaughter of cattle at meat processing plants region and slaughterhouses invasion of their fasciolae was 34.8%. The average number fascial one infected animal was 32.1 specimens, including adult - and larval specimens of 25.2 and 6.9 copies At veterinary-sanitary expertise and helminthological autopsy of the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts installed year-round invasion fasciolae mainly in the adult stage. Young animals of the current year are infected with fasciola in the pasture massly in August-September, and the extent of invasion in November was 4.3%, for winter-stabling months an average of 12.6%, in March - 17.9% and in April after de-worming - 5.9%.The data obtained in the study of the distribution of the small pond has shown that in the Kaluga region these mollusks are widespread. In this case, the invasion of the small pond snail by larval forms of fasciolae in different years has its own peculiarities, which are influenced by climatic factors.The different dosage forms of clozantel - Rolenol and Santel and Genamectin with mixed fascioliasis and hypodermatosis of bovine in the recommended dose against subcutaneous gadfly larvae - provided 100% efficacy. The tested dosage forms of clozantel are similar in effectiveness against subcutaneous gadfly larvae (EE-100%) and fasciol (EE-95 and 90%, IE-97.4 and 96.3%).The therapeutic and economic effectiveness of complex domestic preparations of Helmicide and Fascocida in spontaneous fascioliasis of cattle is studied.

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Identification of antibiotics in meat. Flow cytometry capabilities

Vsyo o myase ◽

10.21323/2071-2499-2020-5-56-60 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 56-60

Author(s):

Zayko E.V. ◽

◽

Kuznetsova O.A. ◽

Bataeva D.S. ◽

Grudistova M.A. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Flow Cytometer ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Meat Processing ◽

Beta Lactams ◽

Antimicrobial Substances ◽

Chemotherapy Drugs ◽

Processing Plants ◽

Meat Samples

The problem of the uncontrolled use of antibiotics currently remains unresolved. Step-by-step monitoring of meat using modern methods will reduce the risk of using contaminated meat raw materials for food production. Qualitative monitoring will identify samples containing residual antimicrobial substances. The use of methods for identifying groups of antibiotics will help narrow the search for antibiotics by expensive chromatographic methods. A study was carried out of beef, pork and poultry meat, which is used in meat processing plants in the production of raw smoked sausages, using two methods. At the first stage, using a qualitative microbiological method, the raw meat was evaluated for the presence of antimicrobial substances, then their group was determined using a NovoCyte flow cytometer. According to the results of a study on a flow cytometer, it was found that out of 10 groups of antibiotics that can be determined by the tested method, the group of lincosamides was not found in all meat samples. The most common groups of chemotherapy drugs in pork were sulfonamides – 29.6 %, tetracycline group – 18.5 % and beta-lactams – 14.8 %, and in beef aminoglycosides – 36.7 %, phenicols – 30 % and beta-lactams – 13.3 %. In poultry meat samples, the most common were sulfonamides – 23.2 %, fenicols – 23.2 %, and beta-lactams – 16 %. Five groups of antibiotics were found in all studied types of meat: fenicols, β-lactams, macrolides, polypeptide antibiotics, and quinolones. This indicates their widespread use in animal husbandry and poultry farming.

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Treatment of fish processing industry wastewater using hydrodynamic cavitational reactor with biodegradability improvement

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2020.049 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 80 (12) ◽

pp. 2310-2319 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Prashant Dhanke ◽

Sameer Wagh ◽

Abhijeet Patil

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

New Technology ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽

Inlet Pressure ◽

Fish Processing ◽

Processing Industry ◽

Cavitation Effect ◽

Processing Plants

Abstract Water generated from the fish processing industry is contaminated with organic matter. This organic matter present in wastewater increases the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). A new technology, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is used to deal with this wastewater produced in fish processing plants. The orifice plate is used in the HC reactor to generate a cavitation effect. The intensification of this technique was carried out with the help of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and TiO2. The treatment of this wastewater is reported in terms of percent degradation in BOD and COD and in biodegradability index (BI). Operating parameters like inlet pressure, pH, operating temperature and H2O2 doses were used to find the optimum condition. 15 g/L of H2O2 gave 69.5% reduction of COD in the 120 min of treatment that also increases BI value to 0.93 at inlet pressure 8 bar, Plate-5, temperature (30 °C), and pH 4. In the ultrasonic cavitation (UC) reactor, COD reduction is 68.7% without TiO2 and with TiO2 it is 71.2%. Also, this HC and UC reactor reduced CFU count to a great extent at the same operating conditions.

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Complete Genome Sequences of Six Listeria monocytogenes Sequence Type 9 Isolates from Meat Processing Plants in Norway

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.00016-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Annette Fagerlund ◽

Solveig Langsrud ◽

Birgitte Moen ◽

Even Heir ◽

Trond Møretrø

Keyword(s):

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Complete Genome ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Sequence Type ◽

Nanopore Sequencing ◽

Meat Processing ◽

Sequencing Data ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Fatal Disease ◽

Processing Plants

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes the often-fatal disease listeriosis. We present here the complete genome sequences of six L. monocytogenes isolates of sequence type 9 (ST9) collected from two different meat processing facilities in Norway. The genomes were assembled using Illumina and Nanopore sequencing data.

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Glycoside Hydrolases Degrade Polymicrobial Bacterial Biofilms in Wounds

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01998-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Derek Fleming ◽

Laura Chahin ◽

Kendra Rumbaugh

Keyword(s):

Glycoside Hydrolase ◽

Bacterial Population ◽

Chronic Wounds ◽

Glycoside Hydrolases ◽

Bacterial Biofilms ◽

Planktonic Cells ◽

Content Type ◽

Biomass Dissolution

ABSTRACT The persistent nature of chronic wounds leaves them highly susceptible to invasion by a variety of pathogens that have the ability to construct an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). This EPS makes the bacterial population, or biofilm, up to 1,000-fold more antibiotic tolerant than planktonic cells and makes wound healing extremely difficult. Thus, compounds which have the ability to degrade biofilms, but not host tissue components, are highly sought after for clinical applications. In this study, we examined the efficacy of two glycoside hydrolases, α-amylase and cellulase, which break down complex polysaccharides, to effectively disrupt Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa monoculture and coculture biofilms. We hypothesized that glycoside hydrolase therapy would significantly reduce EPS biomass and convert bacteria to their planktonic state, leaving them more susceptible to conventional antimicrobials. Treatment of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilms, grown in vitro and in vivo, with solutions of α-amylase and cellulase resulted in significant reductions in biomass, dissolution of the biofilm, and an increase in the effectiveness of subsequent antibiotic treatments. These data suggest that glycoside hydrolase therapy represents a potential safe, effective, and new avenue of treatment for biofilm-related infections.

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