scholarly journals Differences in growth and yield responses to Aphis gossypii Glover between different okra varieties

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.K. Shannag ◽  
J.M. Al-Qudah ◽  
I.M. Makhadmeh ◽  
N.M. Freihat

The reactions of five commercial varieties of okra, <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>, to <i>A. gossypii</i> were evaluated under semiarid field conditions. Each experimental plant of varieties Clemson spineless, Clemson spineless 80, Lee, Perkins dwarf, and Local was infested 60 days after emergence by three late-nymphal instars of the aphid. The results showed that aphid populations increased constantly on the varieties, except for days 42 and 49 after infestation, attaining a peak at about the end of the growing season. Differences in aphid densities were recorded between varieties. The aphids were most numerous on var. Local, while lowest in number on var. Lee. Infestation by aphids on okra varieties reduced yield by 57% on var. Perkins dwarf, 56% on var. Lee, 24% on var. Clemson spineless, 21% on var. Clemson spineless 80, and 5% on var. Local. Reduction in the number of pods produced per plant followed the same pattern as observed for total yield. Aphids had not altered significantly the vegetative plant growth at day 37 following infestation. At day 66, a substantial decrease in shoot fresh and dry weights and also leaf area was evident on var. Perkins dwarf while on var. Clemson spineless only the leaf area was significantly reduced. Moreover, aphid-free controls varied widely in their growth and productivity at the end of growing season. Varieties Clemson spineless and Clemson spineless 80 produced the highest total yield and pod numbers, var. Local the lowest. The varieties Perkins dwarf and Clemson spineless produced significantly higher shoot fresh and dry weight, as well as leaf area, than vars. Lee and Local.


2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-bayati & Hanshal

An experiment was carried out at the vegetable fields of Horticulture and Landscaping Design Dept. , College of Agriculture / university of Baghdad / Abu Ghraib at season (2014) to study the effect of spraying boron and Carbo lizer on growth and yield of cowpea. (Ramshorn C.v.) Seeds are sown at two dates; Spring and summer date. The experiment also included the use of four concentrations of Boron (B), which were; (0, 50, 100 and 200) mg. L-1 and  three concentrations of Carbo lizer; (c) (0, 1,25 and 2,5) cm3.L-1 sprayed at three times; (30, 45 and 60) days after sowing. The experiment analysis is carried out in accordance to the experimental design RCBD and it is adopted in three replacements, and it is compared with at least L.S.D. significant probability level at 0.05.The treatment B1 show a significant  increase in leaves number (27.4 leaf.plant-1),  leaf area (212.3dm2.plant-1), dry weight for the total vagitative (43.0 g.plant-1 ), day number to flower 50% plants(47.3 days), pod number ( 42.56 pod.Plant-1), yield of green pods (127.5 gm.plant-1), total yield of green pods (6.800 ton.ha-1 ) respectively in spring season, While The treatment B3 show a significant  increase in leaves number (38.6 leaf.plant-1),  leaf area (252.9 dcm2.plant-1), dry Weight for the total vagitative (113.9 g.plant-1 ), day number to flower 50% plants(56.8 days), pod number (100.54 pod.Plant-1), yield of green pods (300.9 g .plant-1), total yield of green pods (16.084 Ton.ha-1 ) respectively in summer season , While The treatment C1 show a significant  increase in number (37.5,28.1 leaf.plant-1),  leaf area (240.1,218.2 dcm2.plant-1), pod number (98.39,40.66 pod.Plant-1), yield of green pods (287.0,122.2 g.plant-1), total yield of green pods (15.304,6.519 Ton.ha-1 ) for both seasons respectively The interaction treatment B1C1(50 mg.L-1 Boron +1.25 cm3 Carbo lizer) in spring season, and B3C1 (200mg L-1 Boron+1.25 cm3 Carbo lizer) in summer season show a significant  increase  of leaves number (30.7,40.3)leaf.plant-1,  leaf area (265.5, 258.4) dcm2.plant-1, dry weight for the total vegetative (47.7, 122.1) g.plant-1, day number to flower 50% plants(47.0,53.7)days, pod number ( 55.43,113.03) pod.Plant-1, yield of green pods (161.9, 316.3) g.plant-1, total yield of green pods (8.632, 16.871) Ton.ha-1 respectively, this is in comparison with the control plant which gave(20.0,28.3 leaf.plant-1),(143.9,182.1 dcm2.plant-1), (32,4, 80.4 g.plant-1),(48.7,59.3 days) (27.17, 70,83 pod.Plant-1), (82.2, 210.3 g.plant-1), (4.385, 11.216 Ton.ha-1)  respectively and for both dates respectively.



2021 ◽  
Vol 904 (1) ◽  
pp. 012062
Author(s):  
W K Houry ◽  
A M A Alkaisy ◽  
A F Almehemdi

Abstract A field experiment was carried out in one of the special fields Al-Jazirah - Al-Budhiyab located at latitude 38.28° north and longitude 43.19° east, to find out the effect of different concentrations of the extract of the Water hyacinth and silverleaf plants in three varieties of sun flower. The experiment was applied using a split-plate arrangement within an RCBD design with three replications. The main plots were represented by the varieties Ishaqi, Sakha, and Iqmar, and the sub plots included the spray concentrations 0, 5, 15 and 25 mg L-1. The results showed that the Iqmar variety was superior in plant height (179.73 cm) in the spring season, and the cultivar Ishaqi (175.50 cm) in the fall season. The variety also outperforms generously in leaf area (307.4 cm2) in the fall season. As for the extracts, the water hyacinth outperformed the plant height (177.74 and 175.11 cm) in both seasons, respectively. And in the stem diameter (20.45 mm) in the spring season and in the dry weight of the weeds (0.045 and 0.053 g m2) in both seasons respectively. While silverleaf herb extract exceeded the leaf area (213.9 and 271.1 cm2) in both seasons sequentially and the stem diameter (20.86 mm) in the fall season, the silverleaf herb extract reduced the dry weight of the weeds (0.032 and 0.043 g m2) in both seasons respectively. He increased the weight of 1000 seeds (59.25 and 67.20 grams) in both seasons and the total yield (3.26 ton ha-1) in the fall season. The 15 mg L-1 concentration also increased plant height (180.02 cm) and leaf area (208.9 cm2) in the spring season, disc diameter (22.39 cm) in the fall season and the number of seeds (924 seeds per disc-1). While the concentration increased plant height (176.19 cm) and leaf area (276.8 cm2) in the fall season. The concentration outperformed 5 mg L-1 in stem diameter (19.65 and 20.32 mm) in both seasons and increased the weight of 1000 seeds (59.57 and 67.94 g) in both seasons sequentially and the overall yield (4.35 and 3.18 ton ha-1) in both seasons. Sequentially. We conclude that there is a fluctuation in the behavior of the same crop varieties due to the overlap of study factors and in different directions, so it is recommended to individualize the factors in their influence on the varieties to know the behavior of those varieties more accurately.



2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Mutisya ◽  
J. A. Sullivan ◽  
J. C. Sutton ◽  
J. Zheng ◽  
S. Couling

Three strawberry cultivars, Kent, Jewel and Blomidon, were evaluated for their reaction to leaf scorch (Diplocarpon earlianum) disease. The three cultivars are considered to be susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant to leaf scorch, respectively. Plants were grown in the field in a runnerless culture system and inoculated with conidial suspensions at one of five concentrations to generate a range of disease severities. The control plants were not innoculated. Disease severity was monitored during the establishment year and these data were used to calculate area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) for each cultivar. At dormancy, vegetative growth analysis was performed on a sample of plants from each plot. The remaining plants were overwintered and data were collected on yield and yield components the following season. The difference in AUDPC values between control and highest levels of the disease for Kent, Jewel and Blomidon were 31.6, 26.0 and 25.2 units, respectively. Leaf scorch reduced photosynthetically active leaf area in all three cultivars, which reduced dry matter accumulation. The vegetative characters most affected were leaf area and number, crown number and dry weight and root dry weight. At the highest level of disease attained total yield declined 58, 41 and 31 g plant-1 corresponding with disease severities of 44.5, 36.4 and 32.4 units AUDPC for Kent, Jewel and Blomidon, respectively. This represented a 20–21% yield reduction in each cultivar. Fruit number was the yield component most sensitive to the leaf scorch disease. A strong relationship was established between highest disease severity during late summer and fall (which includes the time of flower bud initiation) and yield the following season. Key words: Diplocarpon earlianum, foliar disease, June-bearing



1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Pearman ◽  
S. M. Thomas ◽  
G. N. Thorne

SummaryEight amounts of nitrogen ranging from 0 to 210 kg N/ha were applied to two tall and one semi-dwarf variety of winter wheat in the spring of 1975 and 1976. The tall varieties were Cappelle-Desprez and Maris Huntsman; the semi-dwarf variety was Maris Fundin in 1975 and Hobbit in 1976. Interactions between varieties and nitrogen were few and small compared with the main effects. All varieties produced their maximum grain yields with 180 kg N/ha. The yield of the semi-dwarf varieties, but not the others, decreased slightly with more nitrogen.Cappelle-Desprez yielded less grain than the other varieties in both years. In 1975 the yields of Maris Fundin and Maris Huntsman were similar and in 1976 Hobbit yielded more than Maris Huntsman. The varieties had similar numbers of ears at maturity and similar patterns of tillering. The semi-dwarf varieties had most grains per spikelet, and hence grains per ear, and Cappelle-Desprez had least. The semi-dwarf varieties had the smallest grains. The semi-dwarf varieties had less straw than the other varieties and hence the largest ratios of grain to total above-ground dry weight. The decrease in dry weight of stem and leaves between anthesis and maturity was similar for all varieties. In 1975 the efficiency of the top two leaves plus top internode in producing grain was the same for all varieties, but in 1976 Hobbit was more efficient than the other two. There were some small differences between varieties in nutrient uptake that were not related to differences in growth. Maris Fundin tended to have a greater phosphorus and potassium content than the tall varieties. Hobbit contained slightly less nitrogen than the tall varieties at maturity, and had a smaller concentration of nitrogen in the grain.Applying 210 kg N/ha doubled grain yield in 1975. Applying nitrogen resulted in a largeincrease in number of ears and a small increase in number of grains per ear due to the development of more fertile spikelets per ear. Nitrogen decreased dry weight per grain, especially of the semi-dwarf varieties. With extra nitrogen, straw dry weight at maturity, shoot dry weight atanthesis and leaf area were all increased relatively more than grain yield, and stems lost moredry weight between anthesis and maturity than without nitrogen. The year 1976 was exceptionallydry and nitrogen had only small effects in that it affected neither straw dry weight nor numberof ears but slightly increased grain yield by increasing the number of spikelets and number of grains per spikelet. It also increased leaf area proportionately to grain yield. In 1975 nitrogen increased evaporation of water from the crop before anthesis but decreased it after anthesis, even though it continued to increase the extraction of water from below 90 cm.



2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 2225-2233
Author(s):  
M. O. Agba ◽  
◽  
A. A. Markson ◽  
J. O. Oni ◽  
G. A. Bassey ◽  
...  

Pleurotus ostreatus, an edible mushroom is an essential food product. Recognised as one of the cheapest sources of proteins, their high nutritional and anti-nutritional properties are of immense importance to humans. The present study evaluated the effect of sawdust and dried plantain leaves on the growth and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus. Sawdust and dried plantain leaves were composted into seven substrates; as single substrates and at different combinations. The composted substrates include sawdust 100 % (M0), Dry plantain leaves 100% (M1), Dry plantain leaves + sawdust at the ratio of 1:4 (M2), 2:3 (M3), 3:2 (M4), 1:1 (M5) and 4:1(M6). Growth parameters of interest assessed flush include mycelia running rate (MRR), area of pileus, length of the stipe, the girth of the stipe, fresh weight and dry weight, number of fruit body, total yield and biological efficiency. At the end of the three weeks spawn running period, M0 was overall best in supporting mycelia running rate with a mean MRR of 16.00 cm. M1 substrates produced mushroom with longer and bigger stipes (7.17 cm) at the first flush. A higher number of fruit bodies (82.66), total yield (130.35 g), and biological efficiency (43.45 g) were all seen in M0 substrates. Sawdust at 100 % (M0) proved to be the best substrate for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus.



2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Edy Suminarti ◽  
A.Y. Edy Guntoro ◽  
A. N. Fajrin

Suminarti et al, 2018. Effect of Source and Dosage of Organic Materials on Changes in Soil Chemical Properties, Growth and Yield of Sorghum Plants (Sorghum bicolor L.Moench) var. KD4 in Dry Land Jatikerto, Malang. JLSO 7(2): Agricultural extensification is the right step to anticipate conditions of food insecurity. This refers to two reasons, namely (1) proliferation of land conversion activities, and (2) sorghum is a carbohydrate-producing plant that is quite tolerant when planted on dry land. The objective of this study was to obtain information about the sources and doses of organic matter that are appropriate to changes in soil chemical properties, growth and yield of sorghum plants, and has been carried out in the dry land of Jatikerto, Malang. A split plot designs with three replications were used in this study, sources of organic material (blothong, UB compost and cow dung) as the main plot, and doses of organic matter (125%, 100% and 75%) as a subplot. Soil analysis was carried out 3 times, i.e. before planting, after application of organic matter and at harvest. The agronomic observations were carried out destructively at 80 days after planting (DAP) including the components of growth (root dry weight, leaf area, and total dry weight of the plant) and harvest at the age of 90 DAP.F test at 5% level was used to test the effect of treatment, while the difference between treatments was based on LSD level of 5%.The results showed that there was a significant interaction between the source and dosage of organic matter on the leaf area and total dry weight, the highest yield was obtained in blothong at various doses. Higher yields of seeds per hectare were also found in blotong: 1.76 tons ha-1, and 1.73 tons ha-1 on 125% doses of organic matter. Blotong application is able to provide elements of N, P and K soil respectively 18.3%, 85.68% and 8.42% for plant.



Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Ademola Adetunji ◽  
Sershen ◽  
Boby Varghese ◽  
Norman Pammenter

Aged seeds exhibit compromised vigour in terms of germination, seedling emergence and growth, but this can to some extent be alleviated by invigoration treatments before sowing. This study aimed to investigate ageing rates and patterns in cabbage (Brassica oleraceae) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds and whether the beneficial effects of invigorating aged seeds with exogenous antioxidants translate to enhanced seedling performance. Seeds were artificially aged to 25% viability before soaking in 0.4 mM glycerol, 0.6 mM GSH and 0.2 mM trolox for cabbage, and 0.6 mM glycerol, GSH and trolox for lettuce; deionised water served as a control. After 14 days of sowing, seedling emergence percentage, mean emergence time, mean daily emergence, and time taken to 25% emergence were computed. Seedling vigour index, root and shoot dry weight, root:shoot ratio, leaf area, leaf area ratio, and leaf chlorophyll content were assessed 6 weeks after sowing. Furthermore, the photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured 6 weeks after sowing. Notably, ageing resulted in the loss of seed vigour and viability at higher rates in lettuce than cabbage. Seed pretreatment with glycerol promoted seedling growth in both species and shoot dry weight in lettuce, while glycerol and GSH enhanced Pn, Gs and E in lettuce. Trolox also enhanced Pn and E in lettuce. The beneficial effects of the antioxidant treatments are thought to be associated with the protection of photosystems from oxidative stress and/or stimulation of enzymes involved in photosynthesis, possibly through an enhanced antioxidant defence system during the early development stages when seedlings are particularly vulnerable to stress.



2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1513-1518
Author(s):  
A.S. Gunu ◽  
M. Musa

Field trial was carried out during the 2019 rainy season (June to October) at the Dryland Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto to determine the growth and yield of sorghum varieties in the study area. The treatments consisted of five (5) sorghum varieties (Samsorg 45, Samsorg 46, Janjari, Yartawa and Jardawa), the treatments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three (3) times. Data were collected on the growth and yield of the crop. Janjari and Jardawa varieties were higher in plant height. Jardawa and Yartawa varieties were higher in number of leaves. Janjari and Yartawa varieties were higher in total dry weight. Janjari, Jardawa and Yartawa varieties were higher in harvest index. Yartawa variety was higher in leaf area, leaf area index and 1000-grain weight. Jardawa variety was higher in panicle length. Janjari variety was early in number of days to heading, flowering, and maturity and was higher in dry stalk weight. The grain yield (249 – 1506kg ha-1 ) was higher in Janjari and Yartawa varieties (1268 – 1506 kg ha-1). Based on the findings of this research, it could be concluded that Janjari and Yartawa varieties performed better than other varieties in the study area.



2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadik & et al.

This study was conducted in experimental fields, Department of Horticulture, University of Bagdad, in Abu-Graib  during season 2011-2012 for jerusalum artichoke. This study was included the effect of dipping tubers in three concentrations of GA3(2.5,5,10g/l) (G1,G2,G3),as well as to control treatment (G0), and spraying nutrient solution Agro leaf A1 (8g/l), as well as to control treatment (A0). This study was made by using Factorial experiment (4*2) within the design RCBD with three replicates. Results could be summarized as follows: G3A0 increased field emergence (12.00 day), G2A0 increased percentage of germination (99.33%) and G2A1 increased number of branches (4.60 stem.plant-1) but the treatment G1A1gave highest rate for number of leaves, leaf area, guide of leaf area, dry weight of the vegetative parts and dry weight of 100gm tubers as(4495.10 leaf.plant-1, 2246.20 dsm2, 99.84, 922.40g, 24.00g.) respectively. The treatments gave significant differences quantity yield, so treatment G3A0 gave highest weight of the tubers as(45.55g.) but the treatment G3A1 gave highest number of the tubers as(68.00 tuber.plant-1 ) and highest yield of plant as (2890g/plant).



2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
S. G. ADERIBIGBE ◽  
O. S. SAKARIYAWO ◽  
A. A. SORETIRE ◽  
A. A. OYEKANMI ◽  
P. A.S. SOREMI

Sustainable maize (Zea mays) production in resource challenged regions of the world is achievable among others through optimal utilisation of organic fertilisers at varying rates. Field trials were conducted in Abeokuta (Latitude 7010' N and Longitude 3015' E) in the late cropping season of 2010 and 2011. Three commercially available organic fertilisers [(Gateway 1 (GF1), Gateway 2 (GF2) and Sunshine (SF)], at three rates (0, 10 and 20 t ha-1) and three replicates were used on improved open-pollinated maize variety (Swam 1 yellow). The experiment was laid out in a randomised completely blocked design. GF1 had significantly (P < 0.05) the highest effect on growth parameters (Plant height, stem girth, leaf area and leaf area Index), with SF the least. A significant depression was observed in most growth parameters at increasing application rates of organic fertiliser, a converse pattern was observed on 1000 grain weight (GW), harvest index and cob length. A significantly higher (P < 0.05) vegetative growth, cob weight and grain yield was observed in 2010 than 2011, while 2011 had longer cobs and more 1000 GW than 2010. GF1 was recommended in Rainforest transitory zone of Nigeria at higher application rates though mediated by environmental factors. Keywords: , , ,   



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