Pengaruh Sumber dan Dosis Bahan Organik terhadap Perubahan sifat Kimia Tanah, Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.Moench) var. KD4 di Lahan Kering Jatikerto, Malang

Suminarti et al, 2018. Effect of Source and Dosage of Organic Materials on Changes in Soil Chemical Properties, Growth and Yield of Sorghum Plants (Sorghum bicolor L.Moench) var. KD4 in Dry Land Jatikerto, Malang. JLSO 7(2): Agricultural extensification is the right step to anticipate conditions of food insecurity. This refers to two reasons, namely (1) proliferation of land conversion activities, and (2) sorghum is a carbohydrate-producing plant that is quite tolerant when planted on dry land. The objective of this study was to obtain information about the sources and doses of organic matter that are appropriate to changes in soil chemical properties, growth and yield of sorghum plants, and has been carried out in the dry land of Jatikerto, Malang. A split plot designs with three replications were used in this study, sources of organic material (blothong, UB compost and cow dung) as the main plot, and doses of organic matter (125%, 100% and 75%) as a subplot. Soil analysis was carried out 3 times, i.e. before planting, after application of organic matter and at harvest. The agronomic observations were carried out destructively at 80 days after planting (DAP) including the components of growth (root dry weight, leaf area, and total dry weight of the plant) and harvest at the age of 90 DAP.F test at 5% level was used to test the effect of treatment, while the difference between treatments was based on LSD level of 5%.The results showed that there was a significant interaction between the source and dosage of organic matter on the leaf area and total dry weight, the highest yield was obtained in blothong at various doses. Higher yields of seeds per hectare were also found in blotong: 1.76 tons ha-1, and 1.73 tons ha-1 on 125% doses of organic matter. Blotong application is able to provide elements of N, P and K soil respectively 18.3%, 85.68% and 8.42% for plant.

Download Full-text

Growth And Yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Varities in Sokoto Sudan Savanna of Nigeria

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v25i8.35 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 1513-1518

Author(s):

A.S. Gunu ◽

M. Musa

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Area Index ◽

Days To Heading ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Sudan Savanna ◽

Stalk Weight

Field trial was carried out during the 2019 rainy season (June to October) at the Dryland Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto to determine the growth and yield of sorghum varieties in the study area. The treatments consisted of five (5) sorghum varieties (Samsorg 45, Samsorg 46, Janjari, Yartawa and Jardawa), the treatments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three (3) times. Data were collected on the growth and yield of the crop. Janjari and Jardawa varieties were higher in plant height. Jardawa and Yartawa varieties were higher in number of leaves. Janjari and Yartawa varieties were higher in total dry weight. Janjari, Jardawa and Yartawa varieties were higher in harvest index. Yartawa variety was higher in leaf area, leaf area index and 1000-grain weight. Jardawa variety was higher in panicle length. Janjari variety was early in number of days to heading, flowering, and maturity and was higher in dry stalk weight. The grain yield (249 – 1506kg ha-1 ) was higher in Janjari and Yartawa varieties (1268 – 1506 kg ha-1). Based on the findings of this research, it could be concluded that Janjari and Yartawa varieties performed better than other varieties in the study area.

Download Full-text

PENGARUH APLIKASI KOMPOS KOTORAN SAPI DAN PAITAN TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA TANAH DAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KEDELAI

Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan ◽

10.21776/ub.jtsl.2021.008.1.16 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 123-133

Author(s):

Putri Alfira Zuraida ◽

Yulia Nuraini

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Chemical Properties ◽

Agricultural Product ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Randomized Block Design

Fertile agricultural land encourages people to carry out agricultural cultivation activities. But in general, it has decreased soil fertility because its managed intensively without recycling of organic matter and has an impact on decreasing soil fertility chemically such as soil organic carbon and pH then leads to low productivity. Soybean is an agricultural product that necessary to develop because the demand for soybean consumption in East Java Province has always increased. However, Indonesia has not been able to fulfil this demand. One of the technology innovations that can be applied to improve soil fertility that has low organic matter and to increasing soybean production by providing input of quality organic fertilizer in the form of compost (Tithonia and Cow Dung). So this research is important to determine the effect of application cow dung compost and tithonia on soil chemical properties, the growth of soybean crops, and the correlations between soil chemical properties and soybean growth. This study used a randomized block design with 6 treatments and 3 replications. The result showed that the application of tithonia and cow dung compost shows a significant effect on soil chemical properties, plant height, and the number of leaves, but didn’t show a significant effect on the number of branches in every observation. Based on the correlation analysis, the results show a positive correlation between soil chemical properties and soybean growth.

Download Full-text

Effect of petrol and spent oil on the growth of Guinea Corn (Sorghum bicolor L.)

International Journal of Plant Biology ◽

10.4081/pb.2015.5883 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ronke Justina Komolafe ◽

Olatunde M. Akinola ◽

Oludare James Agbolade

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Stem Length ◽

Lubricating Oil ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L ◽

Petroleum Pollutant

This study assessed the effect of petrol and spent lubricating oil on the major growth traits (such as root length, stem length, leaf area, and biomass), and the changes in epidermal layer of leaf and its mitotic index in Guinea Corn (Sorghum bicolor L.) exposed to 0% (control), 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% concentrations of petrol and spent lubricating oil. Each concentration was mixed with 3 kg of soil in a plastic pot and each treatment was carried out in three replicates. Forty days after planting, the leaf areas of guinea corn plant were 95.83 cm2, 89.67 cm2, 89.47 cm2, and 77.80 cm2 in control, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% respectively of petrol pollutant. The means of stem length were 32.50±0.5 cm, 22.60±0.65 cm, 21.27±0.75 cm, 20.83±0.28 cm and 20.33±0.28 cm in control, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% respectively. Both leaf area and stem length of treated seedlings reduced with increased concentration of the pollutants. Additionally, reduction in the dry weight of the seedlings increased with increasing concentration of both petrol and spent oil. The micrograph of the internal anatomy of the upper epidermal layers of the leaf revealed broken and scattered epidermal cells and smaller sizes of the stomata, and were increased with the increasing concentration of the treatment. Statistical analysis of the treatment shows that there was a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the stem length and leaf area of the seedlings. This study revealed that petroleum pollutant adversely affected germination, growth and development of guinea corn but petroleum products like spent oil can provide nutrition necessary for growth and yield of plant at low concentration.

Download Full-text

GROWTH AND YIELD OF SHALLOT LEMBAH PALU VARIETY ON DIFFERENT DIRECTION AND FORM OF SEEDBEDS GROWING ON DRY LAND

AGROLAND The Agricultural Sciences Journal ◽

10.22487/j24077593.2016.v3.i1.8121 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Anshar ◽

Imam Wahyudi ◽

Bahrudin Bahrudin

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Dry Land ◽

Main Plot ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

The Village ◽

Central Sulawesi ◽

Slope Direction

This study aimed to determine the growth and yield of shallot Lembah Palu variety planted on dry land with different direction and form of seedbeds. It have been carried out in January-April 2013 in the village of Guntarano, Tanantovea Sub Districts, District of Donggala, Central Sulawesi. This study used a Spilt Plot Design. The main plot was the seedbed direction (A) consisting of: (A1) = seedbeds in the direction of the slope of the land, and (A2) = seedbeds crossed the slope direction. Sub-plot was the form of beds (B) comprises of: (B1) = depth seedbeds and (B2) = high seedbeds. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, so that there were 12 experimental units. The research found that (i) the direction of the beds as well as its interaction with the form of beds did not significantly affect the growth and yield of shallot ‘Lembah Palu’ on dry land. (ii) depth seedbeds produces the number of leaves, leaf length, leaf dry weight, total leaf areaper plant, and total dry weight per plant, and the number of tubers per clump and the weight of the harvested dry tuber per hectare was higher than high seedbeds form.

Download Full-text

Growth and Yield of Soybean as a Response of the Fertilization of NPK Compound Produced with Spent and Deoiled Bleaching Earth Filler

Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture ◽

10.20961/carakatani.v36i1.35682 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Radinal Arief Sinaga ◽

Budiastuti Kurniasih ◽

Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Clay Mineral ◽

Block Design ◽

Bleaching Earth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Npk Fertilizer ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Npk Fertilization

Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) is a by-product of the refining of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) into cooking oil which is classified as hazardous and toxic materials waste. SBE has the potential to be used as a filler in the production of NPK fertilizer. This study aims to compare the effect of SBE and Deoiled Bleaching Earth (DBE) as the replacement of clay mineral, which is expected to have the same effect as the control treatment in terms of the leaf area, total dry weight, plant height and yield of plant. This experiment used a one-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The treatments of filler in NPK fertilizer were 10% clay minerals, NPK with 5% clay mineral + 5% SBE filler and NPK with 5% clay mineral + 5% DBE filler. Fertilizer was given twice, ie when the plant was 14 days after planting (DAP) as much as 2 g polybag-1 and age 35 DAP as much as 3 g polybag-1 at each treatment. The results showed that the application of NPK fertilization with 5% clay mineral + 5% SBE filler and NPK fertilization with 5% clay mineral + 5% DBE filler had the same effect as NPK fertilization with 10% clay mineral filler on leaf area, total dry weight, plant height and yield of plant. SBE and DBE can be used as substituties for clay mineral in NPK fertilizer production.

Download Full-text

Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Selada (Lactuca sativa) Yang Diberi Bahan Organik Kotoran Ayam Ditambah Beberapa Bioaktivator

Agrologia ◽

10.30598/a.v3i1.259 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Upik Nurmayulis ◽

P Utama ◽

R Jannah

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Leaf Number ◽

Wet Weight

The research was determine the effect of organic matter that was given some chicken manure bioactivator on the growth and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). This research was conducted from July until October 2013. In research centers Singamerta Balai Penelitian Teknologi Pertanian, CiruasSerang Banten Province. It used randomized complete block design with one factor, which consisted of six treatments. The treatments was chicken manure, chicken manure+Activator EM4, chicken manure+Activator M-Bio, chicken manure+Activator Agri Simba, chicken manure+Activator Stardec, chicken manure+Activator MDec repeated for four times. The observation parameters which plant height, leaf number, leaf area, leaft wet weight, and plat dry weight. The result shows that the organic matter was significantly had effect to the variable of plant heigt 7-21 HST that the organic matter chicken manure+Activator M-Bio. Otherwise it had no effect to the plant height 28 - 42 HST, leaf number, leaf area, leaft wet weight and plant dry weight. However, the application of organic manures+activator M-Bio gave a better influence on the height of plaint (22,55 cm), number of leaves (14,83 strands), dry weight plant (9,83 g) and leaft wet weight (82,25 g).

Download Full-text

ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN, ASIMILASI BERSIH DAN PRODUKSI TERUNG (Solanum melongena L.): DOSIS PUPUK KANDANG KAMBING DAN PUPUK NPK

Jurnal Agrotek Tropika ◽

10.23960/jat.v8i2.3784 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 295

Author(s):

Tengku Boumedine Hamid Zulkifli ◽

Koko Tampubolon ◽

Ahmad Nadhira ◽

Yunida Berliana ◽

Erfan Wahyudi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Solanum Melongena ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Npk Fertilizer ◽

Net Assimilation ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Goat Manure

Growth, Net Assimilation and Yield Analysis of Eggplant(Solanum melongena L.): Dosage of Goat Manure and NPK FertilizerThe research was aimed to obtain the dose of goat manure, NPK fertilizer and the interaction in increasing the growth and yield of eggplant. The research was usedthe randomized block design factorial with the first factor (goat manure) such as K0= 0 ton.ha-1, K1= 10 ton.ha-1, K2= 20 ton.ha-1 and the second factor (NPK Mutiara 16-16-16) such as P0= 0 ton.ha-1, P1= 100 ton.ha-1, P2= 200 ton.ha-1, P3= 300 ton.ha-1 with three replications. This research was conducted at Jl. Eka Rasmi, Medan Johor Subdistrict, Medan, North Sumatra from August until October 2019. The parameters such as plant height, leaf area, fresh weight of root and shoot, dry weight of root and shoot, total dry weight, fruitweight.plant-1, fruit weight.plot-1, crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), and net assimilation rate (NAR) wereanalyzed using the ANOVA and the means were followed by DMRT test at the level of 5% used the IBM SPSS Statistics v.20. The results showed an increase in leaf area, fresh weight of shoot, dry weight of root, dry weight of shoot, total dry weight, and fruit weight.plant-1, of eggplant plant with the increasing dose of goat manure up to 20 ton.ha-1of 23.27%; 35.85%; 17.64%; 16.55%; 16.66%; and 17.18%, respectively compared to untreated except plant height. Growth in leaf area, fresh weight of shoot, dry weight of root, dry weight of shoot, total dry weight, fruit weight.plant-1 and fruit weight.plot-1of eggplant plant were increased with increasing NPK fertilizer dosage up to 300 kg.ha-1of 16.88%; 25.96%; 24.08%; 38.37%; 34.46%; 21.85%; and 19.22%, respectively compared to untreated. The interaction of goat manure with NPK does not significantly affect on the growth and yield of eggplant plant. The CGR, RGR, and NARvalue in the giving of goat manure from 10 until 30 days after planting was higher compared to the application of Mutiara NPK fertilizer.

Download Full-text

Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.468b ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 468b-468

Author(s):

Stephen F. Klauer ◽

J. Scott Cameron ◽

Chuhe Chen

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Light Interception ◽

Rubus Idaeus ◽

Above Ground Biomass ◽

Red Raspberry ◽

Leaf Physiology ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

Download Full-text

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of semi-dwarf and tall varieties of winter wheat

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600056604 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 91 (1) ◽

pp. 31-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

I. Pearman ◽

S. M. Thomas ◽

G. N. Thorne

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Weight ◽

The Other ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Main Effects ◽

Dwarf Variety

SummaryEight amounts of nitrogen ranging from 0 to 210 kg N/ha were applied to two tall and one semi-dwarf variety of winter wheat in the spring of 1975 and 1976. The tall varieties were Cappelle-Desprez and Maris Huntsman; the semi-dwarf variety was Maris Fundin in 1975 and Hobbit in 1976. Interactions between varieties and nitrogen were few and small compared with the main effects. All varieties produced their maximum grain yields with 180 kg N/ha. The yield of the semi-dwarf varieties, but not the others, decreased slightly with more nitrogen.Cappelle-Desprez yielded less grain than the other varieties in both years. In 1975 the yields of Maris Fundin and Maris Huntsman were similar and in 1976 Hobbit yielded more than Maris Huntsman. The varieties had similar numbers of ears at maturity and similar patterns of tillering. The semi-dwarf varieties had most grains per spikelet, and hence grains per ear, and Cappelle-Desprez had least. The semi-dwarf varieties had the smallest grains. The semi-dwarf varieties had less straw than the other varieties and hence the largest ratios of grain to total above-ground dry weight. The decrease in dry weight of stem and leaves between anthesis and maturity was similar for all varieties. In 1975 the efficiency of the top two leaves plus top internode in producing grain was the same for all varieties, but in 1976 Hobbit was more efficient than the other two. There were some small differences between varieties in nutrient uptake that were not related to differences in growth. Maris Fundin tended to have a greater phosphorus and potassium content than the tall varieties. Hobbit contained slightly less nitrogen than the tall varieties at maturity, and had a smaller concentration of nitrogen in the grain.Applying 210 kg N/ha doubled grain yield in 1975. Applying nitrogen resulted in a largeincrease in number of ears and a small increase in number of grains per ear due to the development of more fertile spikelets per ear. Nitrogen decreased dry weight per grain, especially of the semi-dwarf varieties. With extra nitrogen, straw dry weight at maturity, shoot dry weight atanthesis and leaf area were all increased relatively more than grain yield, and stems lost moredry weight between anthesis and maturity than without nitrogen. The year 1976 was exceptionallydry and nitrogen had only small effects in that it affected neither straw dry weight nor numberof ears but slightly increased grain yield by increasing the number of spikelets and number of grains per spikelet. It also increased leaf area proportionately to grain yield. In 1975 nitrogen increased evaporation of water from the crop before anthesis but decreased it after anthesis, even though it continued to increase the extraction of water from below 90 cm.

Download Full-text

Determination of critical pH and Al concentration of acidic Ultisols for wheat and canola crops

10.5194/se-2016-126 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdulaha-Al Baquy ◽

Jiu-Yu Li ◽

Chen-Yang Xu ◽

Khalid Mehmood ◽

Ren-Kou Xu

Keyword(s):

Soil Ph ◽

Crop Production ◽

Soil Acidity ◽

Production Systems ◽

Southern China ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Hydrated Lime ◽

Dry Land

Abstract. Soil acidity has become a serious constraint in dry land crop production systems of acidic Ultisols in tropical and subtropical regions of southern China, where winter wheat and canola are cultivated as important rotational crops. Regardless of other common existing concerns in acidic Ultisols of southern China, it needs to be investigated whether soil acidity has any effect on wheat and canola growth. There is little information on the determination of critical soil pH as well as aluminium (Al) concentration for wheat and canola crops. The objective of this study was to determine the critical soil pH and exchangeable aluminium concentration (AlKCl) for wheat and canola production. Two pot cultures with two Ultisols from Hunan and Anhui were conducted for wheat and canola crops in a controlled growth chamber, with a completely randomized design. A soil pH gradient ranging from 3.7 (Hunan) and 3.97 (Anhui) to 6.5, with three replications, was used as a treatment. Aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) were used to obtain the target soil pH levels. Plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of wheat and canola were adversely affected by soil acidity in both locations. The critical soil pH and AlKCl of the Ultisol from Hunan for wheat were 5.29 and 0.56 cmol kg−1, respectively. At Anhui, the threshold soil pH and AlKCl for wheat were 4.66 and 2.36 cmol kg−1, respectively. On the other hand, the critical soil pH for canola was 5.65 and 4.87 for the Ultisols from Hunan and Anhui, respectively. The critical soil exchangeable Al for canola cannot be determined from the experiment of this study. The results suggested that the critical soil pH and AlKCl varied between different locations for the same variety of crop, due to the different soil types and their other soil chemical properties. The critical soil pH for canola was higher than that for wheat for both Ultisols, thus canola was more sensitive to soil acidity. Therefore, we recommend that liming should be undertaken to increase soil pH if it falls below these critical soil pH levels for wheat and canola production.

Download Full-text