scholarly journals Trajectory of body weight of performance tested dual-purpose bulls

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Přibyl ◽  
H. Krejčová ◽  
J. Přibylová ◽  
I. Misztal ◽  
J. Bohmanová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Spline Function ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle

6 508 bulls of dual-purpose cattle at performance-test stations were weighed at intervals of 30 days from birth to 420 days. After all editing a total of 74 558 weight records were available. Live weight was evaluated by orthogonal Legendre Polynomial (LP) of degree 4 and by Linear Spline function (SP) with 5 knots. The fixed effects of test-day-year-station of weighing (TDS) and LP within station-year explain together 97% of variability. Variance components were estimated by REML (REMLF90 programme) taking into account heterogeneous variance during growth. The basic model included fixed effects: TDS, and fixed regression on age (LP<sub>F</sub>), and random regression for additive genetic (SP<sub>G</sub>) and permanent environmental of the animal (SP<sub>PE</sub>) effects. Variability of all components increases with age. During the 50–400 day period the heritability is 0.28 on average. Heritability increases with the age of the animal; it is the highest at the end of the period. Correlations for body weights between different ages of the animal are high.

scholarly journals Comparison of different traits to evaluate the growth of bulls

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Přibyl ◽  
J. Přibylová ◽  
H. Krejčová ◽  
N. Mielenz
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Simple Evaluation ◽  
Growth Of Animals ◽  
Daily Gain

The live weights of 8 243 performance-tested bulls from 100 to 400 days of age were analysed using random regression (RR) and single-trait animal models. Evaluations were done for live weight at 400 days of age and gains from 100 to 400 days of age at various monthly intervals. Estimates of variance components differed depending on the trait definition and model of analysis. Systematic environmental effects explained a higher proportion of variability in the RR for gains than for other definitions of growth. The expected average reliability of estimated breeding values was similar for all methods from 0.42 to 46, but the rankings of animals differed. Determinations (<I>r</I><sup>2</sup>) of breeding values between methods ranged from 0.64 to 0.94. Correlations of the breeding values of progeny at performance-test stations with parents were highest for the evaluation of gains in consecutive intervals evaluated by RR. Correlations of the breeding values of sires from their growth at performance-test stations with the breeding values of groups of progeny at progeny-test stations were from 0.26 to 0.38. Correlations were the highest for RR evaluations of gain using consecutive short intervals. Evaluation of the growth of animals according to daily gains in short consecutive intervals was preferred because more animals and more observations per animal were included in the evaluations, and the growth curve was separated into genetic and non-genetic parts. Simple evaluation of growth according to the final weight or daily gain in a long interval is not entirely correct, since environmental compensatory growth can occur.

scholarly journals Models for evaluation of growth of performance tested bulls

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Přibyl ◽  
H. Krejčová ◽  
J. Přibylova ◽  
I. Misztal ◽  
S. Tsuruta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curve ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Legendre Polynomials ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Linear Spline

Before being used for insemination, young bulls of Czech Fleckvieh (CF) are tested for growth at performance-test stations. While at stations, the bulls are weighed monthly. Evaluation included 7 448 bulls with 82 676 records of weight measured from 6 to 520 days of life. In the station-year-period (HYS), which can be prolonged up to 3 months, different groups were tested according to the beginning of growth curve and according to test-days of weighing. Weight analyses were used to handle heterogeneous variability based on age. Legendre Polynomials (LP) with 5 parameters described the average growth curve for HYS classes. Deviations from average curves were decomposed into genetic (G), animal’s permanent environment (PE) and residual (RES) components. Functions of (G) and (PE) were tested using LP random regression (RR) methodology with 5 or 3 parameters and Linear Spline (SP) function with 5 knots. Variance increases with the age of the animals. From 100 to 400 days, heritability was nearly the same with a mild depression in the middle of the period. The average was <I>h</I><sup>2</sup> = 0.31 and ended with <I>h</I><sup>2</sup> = 0.36. Results were similar for variance components, heritability, genetic, environmental and phenotype correlations from different models with different LP and SP functions. Higher RES variability occurred only for LP with 3 parameters. For traits like live weight, the RR should have at least 3 parameters and SP function should be used.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FIXED FACTORS AND ESTIMATION OF GENETIC PARAMETERS OF GROWTH TRAITS FOR MOUNTAIN KIDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermiz & Baper
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Method ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations

Body weights at birth (469), weaning (394) and at six month of age (358) for kids utilized in this study were raised at private project in Duhok governorate, Iraq during two kidding season (2016-2017) and (2017-2018). GLM within SAS programme was used to analyze the data which include the fixed effects (age of doe, year and season of kidding, sex of kid and type of birth, regression on doe weight at kidding, and the regression of later weights of kids on earlier weights) influencing the studied traits. Restricted Maximum Likelihood Method was used to estimate repeatability, heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations after adjusting the records for fixed effects. Variance components of random effects were tested for positive definite. Overall mean of weights at birth (BWT), weaning (WWT) and 6 month of age (WT6M) were 2.92, 15.32 and 24.45 kg, respectively. Differences among groups of age of doe in all studied traits were not significant, while year of kidding and sex of kid affect all traits significantly (p<0.01). Season of kidding affect BWT and WWT significantly (P<0.01). Single born kids were heavier (P<0.01) than twins in BWT only. Regression of BWT on doe weight at kidding (0.033 kg/kg) was significant (P<0.01), while the regressions of WWT and WT6M were not significant. The regression coefficients of WWT on BWT (1.906 kg/kg) and of WT6M on WWT (0.835 kg/kg) were highly significant (P<0.01). Repeatability estimates for BWT, WWT and WT6M were 0.47, 0.45 and 0.35, respectively; on the same order the estimates of heritability were 0.41, 0.61 and 0.79. Genetic correlations between BWT with each of WWT (0.45) and WT6M (0.55), and between WWT and WT6M (0.68) were highly significant. All phenotypic correlations between each pair of body weights were higher than genetic correlations and ranged between 0.48 and 0.73.

scholarly journals Efecto de la suplementación con ensilaje de millo adicionado con urea-melaza-azufre, semilla de algodón y harina de pescado sobre la producción de leche en vacas doble propósito durante la época seca en el Valle del Sinú

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Pedro Medina ◽  
Sergio Mejía ◽  
Rodrigo Martínez ◽  
Luis Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
Whole Cottonseed ◽  
Sorghum Silage

<p>Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la respuesta productiva y económica de la suplementación de vacas doble propósito en pastoreo de Angleton (<em>Dichanthium aristatum</em>) con ensilaje de millo (<em>Sorghum vulgare</em>) más urea-melaza-azufre, semilla de algodón y harina de pescado en la estación seca en el Valle del Sinú (Colombia). A tal fin se utilizaron 12 vacas Holstein × Cebú en el primer tercio de lactancia, distribuidas aleatoriamente mediante un diseño experimental de sobre-cambio compuesto en cuadrado latino, constituido por tres tratamientos, tres grupos de animales y tres periodos experimentales, así: T1) ensilaje de millo a voluntad más 0,100 kg urea, 0,250 kg melaza y 0,004 kg flor de azufre; T2) ensilaje de millo más 1,5 kg semilla de algodón; y T3) ensilaje de millo más 0,500 kg harina de pescado. Las medias ajustadas para producción de leche fueron de 5,6 ± 0,7, 6,6 ± 1,4 y 5,6 ± 0,6 kg/vaca por día para T1, T2 y T3, respectivamente. Se presentaron diferencias estadísticas entre T2 vs. T1 y T3 pero no hubo diferencias entre estos últimos tratamientos. El consumo de ensilaje de millo fue de 4,1 ± 0,31, 4,3 ± 0,40 y 3,8 ± 0,29 kg MS/vaca por día para T1, T2 y T3, respectivamente; hubo diferencias entre T2 y T3, pero no entre T1 vs. T2 y T3. Las ganancias de peso corporal durante el período experimental fueron de 4,1, 10,0 y 8,4 kg para T1, T2 y T3 respectivamente; hubo diferencias estadísticas entre T2 y T1 pero no entre T3 vs. T2 y T1. Los tres tratamientos son viables económicamente puesto que mostraron ingresos netos positivos, pero el tratamiento T1 presentó la mejor respuesta económica. </p><p> </p><p><strong>The effect of grain sorghum silage mixed with urea-molasses-sulfur, cotton seed cake and fish meal supplemented during the dry season to dual purpose cattle for milk yield in the Sinu Valley (Colombia)</strong></p><p><strong> </strong>In the Sinu Valley region (Cordoba, Colombia), 12 dual purpose Holstein × Cebú cows in the first third of lactation were used to evaluate the response of supplementation sorghum (<em>Sorghum vulgare) </em>silage mixed with urea-molasses-sulfur, whole cottonseed and fish meal on milk yield over 60 days period. Treatments were: T1 = silage-0.100 kg of urea-0.250 kg of molasses and 0.004 kg of sulfur. T2 = silage-1.5 kg of whole cottonseed and T3 = silage 0.500 kg of fishmeal. Mean adjusted milk production was: 5,6±0,7, 6,6±1,4 y 5,6±0,6 kg/cow/day for T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Treatment had a significant effect on milk yield per cow. Mean yield of those cows in T2 was significantly higher than that of treatment 1 and 3, but not among T1 and T3. The sorghum silage feed intake was 4,1±0,31, 4.3±0,40 y 3.8±0,29 Kg dry matter/animal/day for treatment 1, 2 and 3 respectively. There were significant differences between T2 and T3, but there were no differences between T1 compared with T2 and T3. Live weight gain throughout the experimental period was in the order of 4.0, 10.0 and 8.4 kg for T1, T2 and T3 respectively, with significant differences only between T1 and T2. All treatments are economically viable, due to the positive income produced. However, treatment 1 showed the higher economic response. </p>

Multi-trait covariance functions to estimate genetic correlations between milk yield, dry-matter intake and live weight during lactation

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Veerkamp ◽  
R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Covariance Functions ◽  
High Level

AbstractEnergy balance is a function of dry-matter intake (DMI), live weight and milk yield over a certain time period. To investigate potential strategies to use genetic selection for the improvement of the negative energy balance, genetic co-variances were estimated among DMI, live weight and milk yield during the first 15 weeks of lactation (no.=628). Rather than estimating the full 45 by 45 matrix a random regression model was used to estimate a second order covariance functions for the additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. Fixed effects were test-day, a group effect and week in lactation. Estimates for the genetic covariance function demonstrated that a high level of milk yield is only moderately correlated with a high level of DMI (0.21) but very strongly correlated to an increase of intake (0.97) and a loss of live weight (-0.46) during the first 15 weeks of lactation. Levels of weight and intake were correlated strongly (0.81). Estimates for the genetic correlations between weeks 1 and 15 were 0.79, 0.34 and 0.83 for milk yield, DMI and live weight respectively. DMI during early lactation was negatively correlated with milk yield but DMI during the later weeks was positively correlated with milk yield. The implication is that when selection is for a linear combination of milk yield, DMI and live weight (i.e. energy balance or efficiency) the moment in lactation of measuring each trait on the cow is of importance

Selection in pigs for increased lean growth rate on a time-based feeding scale

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. McPhee ◽  
G. A. Rathmell ◽  
L. J. Daniels ◽  
N. D. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Control

AbstractSelection was carried out in a line of pigs for increased growth rate of lean tissue. The selection criterion was weight of lean in the ham predicted from live backfat and weight measurements after a 12-week performance test commencing at 25 kg live weight. All pigs were given the same total amount of food over the test period. The scale was set to about proportionately 0·85 of predicted ad libitum intake. Boars selected with an intensity of 1/12 were used for 6 months and sows selected with an intensity of 1/4 were kept for two farrowings. An unselected control line was maintained concurrently.After five generations, performances of selected and control line pigs were compared on ad libitum and scale feeding as they grew to 85 kg. Responses in the selected line on scale feeding were +51 g/day for growth rate (GR), −0·16 for food conversion ratio (FCR), −2·2 mm for backfat (F) and +0·47 kg for ham lean (HL). On ad libitum feeding, responses were much higher in the selected line, giving rise to line × food interactions. Responses were +128 g/day for GR, −0·27 for FCR, −2·3 mm for F, +1·01 kg for HL and +0·15 kg/day for food intake (FI). Estimates of the heritability of HL from variance components were 0·43 (s.e. 0·15) on scale feeding and 0·28 (s.e. 0·19) on ad libitum feeding. The realized heritability of HL on scale feeding was 0·29 (s.e. 0·04) and its co-heritabilities with the other traits on both feeding levels were of similar magnitude to its heritability. Scale feeding exposed genetic variation in the partitioning of food between lean and fat deposition and appeared to be a suitable selection regimen for performance on ad libitum feeding.

scholarly journals Selection Response Due to Different Combination of Antagonistic Milk, Beef, and Morphological Traits in the Alpine Grey Cattle Breed

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1340
Author(s):  
Enrico Mancin ◽  
Cristina Sartori ◽  
Nadia Guzzo ◽  
Beniamino Tuliozi ◽  
Roberto Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Selection Indexes

Selection in local dual-purpose breeds requires great carefulness because of the need to preserve peculiar traits and also guarantee the positive genetic progress for milk and beef production to maintain economic competitiveness. A specific breeding plan accounting for milk, beef, and functional traits is required by breeders of the Alpine Grey cattle (AG), a local dual-purpose breed of the Italian Alps. Hereditability and genetic correlations among all traits have been analyzed for this purpose. After that, different selection indexes were proposed to identify the most suitable for this breed. Firstly, a genetic parameters analysis was carried out with different datasets. The milk dataset contained 406,918 test day records of milk, protein, and fat yields and somatic cells (expressed as SCS). The beef dataset included performance test data conducted on 749 young bulls. Average daily gain, in vivo estimated carcass yields, and carcass conformation (SEUROP) were the phenotypes obtained from the performance tests. The morphological dataset included 21 linear type evaluations of 11,320 first party cows. Linear type traits were aggregated through factor analysis and three factors were retained, while head typicality (HT) and rear muscularity (RM) were analyzed as single traits. Heritability estimates (h2) for milk traits ranged from 0.125 to 0.219. Analysis of beef traits showed h2 greater than milk traits, ranging from 0.282 to 0.501. Type traits showed a medium value of h2 ranging from 0.238 to 0.374. Regarding genetic correlation, SCS and milk traits were strongly positively correlated. Milk traits had a negative genetic correlation with the factor accounting for udder conformations (−0.40) and with all performance test traits and RM. These latter traits showed also a negative genetic correlation with udder volume (−0.28). The HT and the factor accounting for rear legs traits were not correlated with milk traits, but negatively correlated with beef traits (−0.32 with RM). We argue that the consequence of these results is that the use of the current selection index, which is mainly focused on milk attitude, will lead to a deterioration of all other traits. In this study, we propose more appropriate selection indexes that account for genetic relationships among traits, including functional traits.

scholarly journals Genetic Association Analysis for Relative Growths of Body Compositions and Metabolic Traits to Body Weights in Broilers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Hengyu Zhang ◽  
Yunfeng Zhao ◽  
Xiaojing Zhou ◽  
Jie Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Metabolic Traits ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Scaling Models ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Body Compositions

In animal breeding, body components and metabolic traits always fall behind body weights in genetic improvement, which leads to the decline in standards and qualities of animal products. Phenotypically, the relative growth of multiple body components and metabolic traits relative to body weights are characterized by using joint allometric scaling models, and then random regression models (RRMs) are constructed to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for relative grwoth allometries of body compositions and metabolic traits in chicken. Referred to as real joint allometric scaling models, statistical utility of the so-called LASSO-RRM mapping method is given a demonstration by computer simulation analysis. Using the F2 population by crossing broiler × Fayoumi, we formulated optimal joint allometric scaling models of fat, shank weight (shank-w) and liver as well as thyroxine (T4) and glucose (GLC) to body weights. For body compositions, a total of 9 QTLs, including 4 additive and 5 dominant QTLs, were detected to control the allometric scalings of fat, shank-w, and liver to body weights; while a total of 10 QTLs of which 6 were dominant, were mapped to govern the allometries of T4 and GLC to body weights. We characterized relative growths of body compositions and metabolic traits to body weights in broilers with joint allometric scaling models and detected QTLs for the allometry scalings of the relative growths by using RRMs. The identified QTLs, including their highly linked genetic markers, could be used to order relative growths of the body components or metabolic traits to body weights in marker-assisted breeding programs for improving the standard and quality of broiler meat products.

Associations of PrP genotypes with live weight and slaughter traits in an experimental flock of Swaledale sheep in Great Britain

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Y. N. Man ◽  
S. Brotherstone ◽  
B. G. Merrell ◽  
W. A. Murray ◽  
B. Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Selection For

AbstractPolymorphisms at codons 136, 154 and 171 of the gene encoding the prion protein (PrP) are associated with susceptibility to classical scrapie in sheep. Genetic selection for scrapie resistance based on PrP genotypes is central to the scrapie eradication programme in Great Britain but there are concerns about how this may affect other economically important traits. The objective of this study was to evaluate associations of PrP genotypes with live weight and slaughter traits in a hill sheep breed in Great Britain. Data used were from an experimental flock of Swaledale sheep in which the alleles ARR, ARQ, AHQ and VRQ were present. About 1450 genotyped lambs with birth, marking and weaning weights, and 620 with slaughter records were used for the study. Mixed models with various fixed effects and random direct genetic and maternal effects were tested to determine the appropriate model to use for each trait. None of the differences in lamb performance between PrP genotypes consistently reached significance. Therefore, this study does not support existence of significant relationships between PrP genotype and lamb performance traits in this breed.

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