scholarly journals  Amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistance in veterinary medicine – the situation in Europe: a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 473-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Belmar-Liberato ◽  
A. Gonzalez-Canga ◽  
P. Tamame-Martin ◽  
M. Escribano-Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
National Monitoring ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Made In

In the recent past years, important efforts towards the prudent use of antimicrobials have been made in order to optimize antibacterial use, and maximize therapeutic effect while minimizing the development of resistance. Knowledge on the occurrence of resistance in bacteria could help in improving the clinical success of therapeutic decisions. Since the discovery of amoxicillin, this drug has been extensively used throughout the world in veterinary medicine, alone and also in combination with clavulanic acid. This paper provides information regarding the current situation of resistance to amoxicillin (and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid) in animals in Europe. Most data comes from food-animal species, mainly from several national monitoring programmes of antimicrobial resistance, and information on companion animals is also available.

scholarly journals Evaluation of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistance in the Bifidobacterium genus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Mancabelli ◽  
Walter Mancino ◽  
Gabriele Andrea Lugli ◽  
Chiara Argentini ◽  
Giulia Longhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Western World ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (AMC) is one of the most frequently prescribed antibiotic formulations in the Western world. Extensive oral use of this antimicrobial combination influences the gut microbiota. One of the most abundant early colonizers of the human gut microbiota is represented by different taxa of the Bifidobacterium genus, which include many members that are considered to bestow beneficial effects upon their host. In the current study, we investigated the impact of AMC administration on the gut microbiota composition, comparing the gut microbiota of 23 children that had undergone AMC antibiotic therapy to that of 19 children that had not been treated with antibiotics during the preceding six months. Moreover, we evaluated AMC sensitivity by Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test of 261 bifidobacterial strains, including reference strains for the currently recognized 64 bifidobacterial (sub)species, as well as 197 bifidobacterial isolates of human origin. These assessments allowed the identification of four bifidobacterial strains, which exhibit a high level of AMC insensitivity, and which were subjected to genomic and transcriptomic analyses to identify the putative genetic determinants responsible for this AMC insensitivity. Furthermore, we investigated the ecological role of AMC-resistant bifidobacterial strains by in vitro batch-cultures. Importance Based on our results, we observed a drastic reduction in gut microbiota diversity of children treated with antibiotics, also affecting the abundance of Bifidobacterium, a bacterial genus commonly found in the infant gut. MIC experiments revealed that more than 98% of bifidobacterial strains tested were shown to be inhibited by the AMC antibiotic. Isolation of four insensitive strains and sequencing of their genome revealed the identity of possible genes involved in AMC resistance mechanisms. Moreover, gut-simulating in-vitro experiments revealed that one strain, i.e. B. breve PRL2020, is able to persist in the presence of a complex microbiota combined with AMC antibiotic.

scholarly journals Novel Antibiotic Combinations of Diverse Subclasses for Effective Suppression of Extensively Drug-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shumyila Nasir ◽  
Muhammad Sufyan Vohra ◽  
Danish Gul ◽  
Umm E Swaiba ◽  
Maira Aleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Combination Antibiotics ◽  
Time Kill

The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the chief etiological agent for a range of refractory infections, has rendered all β-lactams ineffective against it. The treatment process is further complicated with the development of resistance to glycopeptides, primary antibiotics for treatment of MRSA. Antibiotic combination therapy with existing antimicrobial agents may provide an immediate treatment option. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 18 different commercially available antibiotics were determined along with their 90 possible pairwise combinations and 64 triple combinations to filter out 5 best combinations. Time-Kill kinetics of these combinations were then analyzed to find collateral bactericidal combinations which were then tested on other randomly selected MRSA isolates. Among the top 5 combinations including levofloxacin-ceftazidime; amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-tobramycin; amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-cephradine; amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-ofloxacin; and piperacillin/tazobactam-tobramycin, three combinations were found to be collaterally effective. Levofloxacin-ceftazidime acted synergistically in 80% of the tested clinical MRSA isolates. First-line β-lactams of lower generations can be used effectively against MRSA infection when used in combination. Antibiotics other than glycopeptides may still work in combination.

scholarly journals Integron- and Carbenicillinase-Mediated Reduced Susceptibility to Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid in Isolates of Multidrug-ResistantSalmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium DT104 from French Patients

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1098-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Poirel ◽  
Michele Guibert ◽  
Samuel Bellais ◽  
Thierry Naas ◽  
Patrice Nordmann
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Spectinomycin Resistance ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACT Fifty-seven Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) isolates were collected from human patients in two French hospitals, Hôpital Antoine Béclère (Clamart, France) and Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France), between 1996 and 1997. Thirty of them (52 percent) were resistant to amino-, carbeni-, and ureidopenicillins, had reduced susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, were susceptible to cephalothin, and were resistant to sulfonamides, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracyclines. All these strains possessed a bla PSE-1-like gene and were of phage type DT104. Ten of them were studied in more detail, which revealed that bla PSE-1 is located on the variable region of a class 1 integron. This integron was found to be chromosomally located, as was another class 1 integron containingaadA2, a streptomycin-spectinomycin resistance gene. The reduced susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (and to ticarcillin-clavulanic acid) may result from the high level of hydrolysis of the β-lactam rather than to the clavulanic acid resistance properties of PSE-1 in these clonally related S. typhimurium isolates.

scholarly journals Increased Amoxicillin–Clavulanic Acid Resistance inEscherichia coliBlood Isolates, Spain

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1259-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Oteo ◽  
José Campos ◽  
Edurne Lázaro ◽  
Óscar Cuevas ◽  
Silvia García-Cobos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

scholarly journals Discriminatory Detection of Inhibitor-Resistant β-Lactamases in Escherichia coli by Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism-PCR

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Speldooren ◽  
Beate Heym ◽  
Roger Labia ◽  
Marie-Hélène Nicolas-Chanoine
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Conformation Polymorphism

ABSTRACT Plasmid-mediated mechanisms, comprising TEM hyperproduction, TEM derivative production, and OXA production, lead to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistance in enterobacteria. The ability of the single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)-PCR method to differentiate the genes encoding inhibitor-resistant β-lactamases was evaluated with three bla TEM primer pairs. Thebla TEM genes, which were known to be different on the basis of their nucleotide sequences (bla TEM-1A, bla TEM-1B,bla TEM-2, bla TEM-30,bla TEM-32, andbla TEM-35), were identified as different by their electrophoretic mobilities. Thebla TEM-33, bla TEM-34,bla TEM-36, bla TEM-37,bla TEM-38, andbla TEM-39 genes, whose sequence differences have been established by oligotyping, displayed different SSCP profiles for different fragments, suggesting genetic differences in addition to those defined by oligotyping. Confirmed by sequencing, these additional genetic events concerned silent mutations at certain positions and, notably, a G→T transversion at position 1 of the −10 consensus sequence in bla TEM-34,bla TEM-36, bla TEM-37, and bla TEM-39. Applied to eight clinical isolates of Escherichia coli resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, the SSCP method detected TEM-1 in three strains and TEM-30, TEM-32, and TEM-35 in three other strains, respectively. A novel TEM derivative (TEM-58) was detected in another strain, and the deduced amino acid sequence showed two substitutions: Arg244Ser, which is known to confer amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistance in TEM-30, and Val261Ile, which has not been described previously. The eighth strain produced an OXA β-lactamase. Given the discriminatory power and the applicability of SSCP-PCR, this method can be proposed as a means of following the evolution of the frequencies of the different inhibitor-resistant β-lactamases.

scholarly journals Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid resistance in fecal Enterobacteriaceae from patients with cystic fibrosis and healthy siblings

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 780-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwen Duytschaever ◽  
Geert Huys ◽  
Linda Boulanger ◽  
Kris De Boeck ◽  
Peter Vandamme
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Healthy Siblings ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

scholarly journals Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid for the Treatment of Odontogenic Infections: A Randomised Study Comparing Efficacy and Tolerability versus Clindamycin

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archiel Launch Tancawan ◽  
Maria Noemi Pato ◽  
Khamiza Zainol Abidin ◽  
A. S. Mohd Asari ◽  
Tran Xuan Thong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Clinical Success Rate ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Odontogenic Infections ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
To Receive

Background. Treatment of odontogenic infections includes surgical drainage and adjunctive antibiotics. This study was designed to generate efficacy and safety data to support twice daily dosing of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid compared to clindamycin in odontogenic infections.Methods. This was a phase IV, randomised, observer blind study; 472 subjects were randomised to receive amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (875 mg/125 mg BID,n=235) or clindamycin (150 mg QID,n=237) for 5 or 7 days based on clinical response. The primary endpoint was percentage of subjects achieving clinical success (composite measure of pain, swelling, fever, and additional antimicrobial therapy required) at the end of treatment.Results. The upper limit of two-sided 95% confidence interval for the treatment difference between the study arms (7.7%) was within protocol specified noninferiority margin of 10%, thus demonstrating noninferiority of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid to clindamycin. Secondary efficacy results showed a higher clinical success rate at Day 5 in the amoxicillin/clavulanic acid arm. Most adverse events (raised liver enzymes, diarrhoea, and headache) were similar across both arms and were of mild to moderate intensity.Conclusion. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was comparable to clindamycin in achieving clinical success (88.2% versus 89.7%) in acute odontogenic infections and the safety profile was consistent with the known side effects of both drugs.Trial Registration. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov identifier:NCT02141217.

Is perioperative antibiotic necessary in straightforward implant placement procedures?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elçin Bedeloğlu ◽  
Mustafa Yalçın ◽  
Cenker Zeki Koyuncuoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Implant Failure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this non-random retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the impact of prophylactic antibiotic on early outcomes including postoperative pain, swelling, bleeding and cyanosis in patients undergoing dental implant placement before prosthetic loading. Seventy-five patients (45 males, 30 females) whose dental implant placement were completed, included to the study. Patients used prophylactic antibiotics were defined as the experimental group and those who did not, were defined as the control group. The experimental group received 2 g amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 1 h preoperatively and 1 g amoxicillin + clavulanic acid twice a day for 5 days postoperatively while the control group had received no prophylactic antibiotic therapy perioperatively. Data on pain, swelling, bleeding, cyanosis, flap dehiscence, suppuration and implant failure were analyzed on postoperative days 2, 7, and 14 and week 12. No statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups with regard to pain and swelling on postoperative days 2, 7, and 14 and week 12 ( p >0.05), while the severity of pain and swelling were greater on day 2 compared to day 7 and 14 and week 12 in both groups ( p =0.001 and p <0.05, respectively). Similarly, no significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to postoperative bleeding and cyanosis. Although flap dehiscence was more severe on day 7 in the experimental group, no significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to the percentage of flap dehiscence assessed at other time points. Within limitations of the study, it has been demonstrated that antibiotic use has no effect on implant failure rates in dental implant surgery with a limited number of implants. We conclude that perioperative antibiotic use may not be required in straightforward implant placement procedures. Further randomized control clinical studies with higher numbers of patients and implants are needed to substantiate our findings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document