scholarly journals Evaluation of spring barley genotypes with different susceptibility to Fusarium head blight using molecular markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Nesvadba ◽  
T. Vyhnánek ◽  
I. Ježíšková ◽  
L. Tvarůžek ◽  
M. Špunarová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Barley Genotypes

One of cereal diseases that has gained a greater importance for growers, processing industry as well as for breeders in many regions of the world is Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by fungi of the Fusarium genus. The objectives of this study were to test diversity among spring barley breeding lines exhibiting various sensitivity to FHB and to find RAPD markers and AFLP markers that will distinguish between susceptible and resistant and/or moderately resistant genotypes. A test of a set of spring barley genotypes artificially infected by fusaria in field trials was carried out. Based on the results from field and laboratory evaluation and deoxynivalenol (DON) content assessment, barley genotypes with different responses to FHB were selected. The genotypes were hybridized and doubled haploid (DH) lines were derived in F<sub>1</sub> generation using the in vitro androgenesis method. Initial parental components and derived DH lines were tested for FHB infection and DON content. A set of parental genotypes of spring barley was tested with 80 RAPD markers. A RAPD marker (H30) was detected which enabled to distinguish between very susceptible parental genotypes and other resistant or moderately resistant spring barley genotypes based on the fragment of about 1300 bp. This specific product was screened in 23 DH lines derived from crosses of parental genotypes of spring barley and detected in 10 DH lines. During the study, some DH lines were selected that exhibited improved resistance to Fusarium infection. A low infection level and low DON content was found in the line DH&nbsp;4/2 derived from CI 4196 &times; Foster. The AFLP technique was used to analyse parental genotypes of spring barley. The detected markers can be further evaluated and employed to select breeding materials.

scholarly journals Response of Barley Genotypes to Fusarium Head Blight under Natural Infection and Artificial Inoculation Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-464
Author(s):  
Raja Khanal ◽  
Thin Meiw Choo ◽  
Allen G. Xue ◽  
Bernard Vigier ◽  
Marc E. Savard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
One Year ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Forty-eight spring barley genotypes were evaluated for deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration under natural infection across 5 years at Harrington, Prince Edward Island. These genotypes were also evaluated for Fusarium head blight (FHB) severity and DON concentration under field nurseries with artificial inoculation of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> by the grain spawn method across 2 years at Ottawa, Ontario, and one year at Hangzhou, China. Additionally, these genotypes were also evaluated for FHB severity under greenhouse conditions with artificial inoculation of <i>F. graminearum</i> by conidial suspension spray method across 3 years at Ottawa, Ontario. The objective of the study was to investigate if reactions of barley genotypes to artificial FHB inoculation correlate with reactions to natural FHB infection. DON concentration under natural infection was positively correlated with DON concentration (<i>r</i> = 0.47, <i>P</i> < 0.01) and FHB incidence (<i>r</i> = 0.56, <i>P</i> < 0.01) in the artificially inoculated nursery with grain spawn method. Therefore, the grain spawn method can be used to effectively screen for low DON. FHB severity, generated from greenhouse spray, however, was not correlated with DON concentration (<i>r</i> = 0.12, <i>P</i> > 0.05) under natural infection and it was not correlated with DON concentration (<i>r</i> = -0.23, <i>P</i> > 0.05) and FHB incidence (<i>r</i> = 0.19, <i>P</i> > 0.05) in the artificially inoculated nursery with grain spawn method. FHB severity, DON concentration, and yield were affected by year, genotype, and the genotype × year interaction. The effectiveness of greenhouse spray inoculation for indirect selection for low DON concentration requires further studies. Nine of the 48 genotypes were found to contain low DON under natural infection. Island barley had low DON and also had high yield.

scholarly journals The use of molecular markers for characterisation of spring barley for breeding to Fusarium head blight resistance

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Špunarová ◽  
J. Ovesná ◽  
L. Tvarůžek ◽  
L. Kučera ◽  
J. Špunar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Susceptible Line ◽  
Dh Lines

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a barley disease, which occurs every year in various areas of barley cultivation all over the world and the increasing incidence has been confirmed in the Czech Republic also during the last years. We aimed to emply AFLP (Amplified fragment length polymorphism) and SSR (Single sequence repeats) markers to describe diversity among breeding lines with a sufficient level of resistance towards FHB and to find marker(s) associated with the analysed traits. The number of eight accessions including five expected resistance donors and three sensitive lines were tested in the field and laboratory. The field values and the amount of deoxynivalenol were positively correlated (r = 0.92). The laboratory test and content DON manifested also a high correlation (r = 0.73). Several DH lines developed from androgenetic barley progenies of the F1 hybrids between the susceptible line PI 383933 and resistant line PEC 210 or the susceptible line PI 383933 and resistant cultivar Chevron were found resistant towards Fusarium infection in both the field and laboratory tests. Low infestation was found at line DH 37 from combination Chevron &times; PI 383933 and lines DH48, DH49, DH50 and DH55 from the combination PEC 210 &times; PI 383933. Cluster analyses based on 68 AFLP and 18 SSR markers demonstrate a genetic relationship among parental genotypes and DH lines.Some DH lines combined a sufficient degree of resistance against FHB and extract content (basic parameters malting quality). Statistically significant differences in malt-extract values were observed between groups of the DH lines possessing and not possessing the AFLP marker CAA/AGC 341bp. The markers will be further evaluated and optionally used for MAS.

scholarly journals Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Traits linked to Fusarium Head Blight Symptoms Evaluation In Barley RILs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Ogrodowicz ◽  
Anetta Kuczyńska ◽  
Krzysztof Mikołajczak ◽  
Tadeusz Adamski ◽  
Maria Surma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Barley Genotypes

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease in small grain cereals worldwide. The disease results in the reduction of grain yield and affects its quality. In addition, mycotoxins accumulated in grain are harmful to both humans and animals. It has been reported that response to pathogen infection may be associated with the morphological and developmental characteristics of the host plant, e.g. the earliness and plant height. Despite the many studies the effective markers for the selection of barley genotypes with increased resistance to FHB have not thus far been developed. Therefore, exploring the genetic relationship between agronomic traits (e.g. heading date or stem height) and disease resistance is of importance to the understanding of plant resistance via “diesease escape” or dwarf stature. The studied plant material consisted of 100 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) of spring barley. Plants were examined in field conditions (three locations) in a completely randomized design with three replications. Barley genotypes were artificially infected with spores of Fusarium before heading. Apart from the main phenotypic traits (plant height, spike characteristic, grain yield) the infected kernels were visually scored and the content of deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin was investigated. A set of 70 Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) were detected through phenotyping of the mapping population in field condition and genotyping using a barley Ilumina iSelect platform with 9K markers. Six loci were detected for FHB index on chromosomes 2H, 3H, 5H and 7H. The region on the short arm of the 2H chromosome was detected in the current study, in which many QTLs associated with FHB- and yield-related characters were found. This study confirms that agromorphological traits are tightly related to the FHB and should be taken into consideration when breeding barley plants for FHB resistance.

scholarly journals Effects of Integrating Cultivar Resistance and Fungicide Application on Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol in Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen N. Wegulo ◽  
William W. Bockus ◽  
John Hernandez Nopsa ◽  
Erick D. De Wolf ◽  
Kent M. Eskridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cultivar Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Fungicide Efficacy ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Fusarium head blight (FHB) or scab, incited by Fusarium graminearum, can cause significant economic losses in small grain production. Five field experiments were conducted from 2007 to 2009 to determine the effects on FHB and the associated mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) of integrating winter wheat cultivar resistance and fungicide application. Other variables measured were yield and the percentage of Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK). The fungicides prothioconazole + tebuconazole (formulated as Prosaro 421 SC) were applied at the rate of 0.475 liters/ha, or not applied, to three cultivars (experiments 1 to 3) or six cultivars (experiments 4 and 5) differing in their levels of resistance to FHB and DON accumulation. The effect of cultivar on FHB index was highly significant (P < 0.0001) in all five experiments. Under the highest FHB intensity and no fungicide application, the moderately resistant cultivars Harry, Heyne, Roane, and Truman had less severe FHB than the susceptible cultivars 2137, Jagalene, Overley, and Tomahawk (indices of 30 to 46% and 78 to 99%, respectively). Percent fungicide efficacy in reducing index and DON was greater in moderately resistant than in susceptible cultivars. Yield was negatively correlated with index, with FDK, and with DON, whereas index was positively correlated with FDK and with DON, and FDK and DON were positively correlated. Correlation between index and DON, index and FDK, and FDK and DON was stronger in susceptible than in moderately resistant cultivars, whereas the negative correlation between yield and FDK and yield and DON was stronger in moderately resistant than in susceptible cultivars. Overall, the strongest correlation was between index and DON (0.74 ≤ R ≤ 0.88, P ≤ 0.05). The results from this study indicate that fungicide efficacy in reducing FHB and DON was greater in moderately resistant cultivars than in susceptible ones. This shows that integrating cultivar resistance with fungicide application can be an effective strategy for management of FHB and DON in winter wheat.

scholarly journals Agronomic and Economic Responses of Spring Wheat to Management of Fusarium Head Blight

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 1339-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Hollingsworth ◽  
C. D. Motteberg ◽  
J. V. Wiersma ◽  
L. M. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Red River ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Cultivar Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Red River Valley ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop losses in the Red River Valley of Minnesota and North Dakota caused by Fusarium head blight (FHB) epidemics incited by Fusarium graminearum are common. Fungicide application is often recommended when environments promote disease development but benefits have not been fully evaluated when environment, cultivar resistance, and economic outcome are considered. Agronomic and economic characters were determined for cultivars with various resistance levels when treated with no fungicide; propiconazole at 63 g active ingredient (a.i.)/ha applied at Feekes growth stage (FGS) 2, tebuconazole at 126 g a.i./ha applied at FGS 10.51, or propiconazole at 63 g a.i./ha applied at FGS 2 followed by tebuconazole at 126 g a.i./ha applied at FGS 10.51. Revenue returned from FHB moderately susceptible (MS) cultivars was 8% greater than moderately resistant (MR) cultivars in low-disease environs but differences were not significant when disease was moderate. Deoxynivalenol accumulation in grain of MS and MR cultivars was unchanged by fungicide treatment. MS cultivars were economically more adventitious to grow than MR cultivars in both disease environments.

scholarly journals Resistance to Fusarium head blight in spring barley

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chrpová ◽  
V. Šíp ◽  
L. Štočková ◽  
L. Stemberková ◽  
L. Tvarůžek
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Medium Resistance

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a fungal disease causing substantial yield and quality losses in barley. Genetic variation in deoxynivalenol (DON) content and and important yield traits in response to FHB were studied in 44 spring barley cultivars for two years following artificial inoculation with Fusarium culmorum under field conditions. The analysis of variance revealed that the largest effect on DON content and simultaneously on the reduction of thousand grain weight and grain weight per spike were due to the environmental conditions of the year, while the visual disease symptoms depended on the cultivars to a larger extent. All these traits were significantly interrelated. The most resistant cultivars Murasski mochi, Nordic, Krasnodarskij 35, Krasnodarskij 95, Nordus, and Usurijskij 8, together with the resistant check Chevron, showed the lowest DON content, the lowest expression of disease symptoms and the lowest reduction of TGW and GWS. However, most spring barley cultivars registered in the Czech Republic in recent years expressed susceptibility or medium resistance and were considerably affected by the disease. This increases the importance of breeding barley for resistance to FHB.

scholarly journals Timing of Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight in Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2928-2939
Author(s):  
Christina Cowger ◽  
Giovanni Beccari ◽  
Yanhong Dong
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
First Year ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Kernel Infection ◽  
Risk Forecasting ◽  
One Year ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
The Impact

The duration of wheat susceptibility to Fusarium infection has implications for risk forecasting, fungicide timing, and the likelihood that visible kernel damage may underpredict deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination. A field experiment was conducted to explore the impact of varying infection timings on Fusarium head blight (FHB) development in winter wheat. Trials in four successive years (2010 to 2013) in North Carolina utilized one susceptible and one moderately resistant cultivar possessing similar maturity, stature, and grain quality. Inoculum was applied in the form of sprayed Fusarium graminearum conidia. In the first year, the nine infection timings were from 0 to 21 days after anthesis (daa), whereas in the following 3 years, they ranged from 0 to 13 daa. Infection progression was compared among inoculation timings by sampling spikes five to six times during grain-fill. Based on DON, percent kernel damage and kernel infection, and fungal spread as assayed via qPCR, the moderately resistant cultivar had at least a 2- to 3-day shorter window of susceptibility to damaging FHB infection than the susceptible cultivar. The results suggest that duration of susceptibility is an important aspect of cultivar resistance to FHB. In 2012, the window of susceptibility for both cultivars was extended by cold snaps during anthesis. After debranning in one year, the majority of DON was found to be in the bran fraction of kernels; there was also a trend for later infections to lead to a higher percentage of DON in the nonbran fraction, as well as a higher ratio of DON to FDK.

scholarly journals Managing Fusarium Head Blight in Winter Barley With Cultivar Resistance and Fungicide

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1858-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Cowger ◽  
Consuelo Arellano ◽  
David Marshall ◽  
Joshua Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Cultivar Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Although there has been research on managing Fusarium head blight (FHB) in spring barley, little has been published on cultivar resistance and optimal fungicide timing for FHB management in winter barley. A 3-year (2015 to 2017) field experiment was conducted to measure FHB resistance of winter barley varieties, gauge the potential benefit from a fungicide, and help determine the optimal timing for fungicide application. The split-plot experiment took place in a misted, inoculated nursery in Raleigh, North Carolina using main plots of four winter barley cultivars (Atlantic, Endeavor, Nomini, and Thoroughbred). Three fungicide treatments were applied to subplots: prothioconazole + tebuconazole at full spike emergence, the same fungicide 6 days later, or no fungicide. The late applications significantly reduced FHB index in each of 3 years and significantly reduced deoxynivalenol (DON) in harvested grain in 2 of the 3 years. Applications at full spike emergence also yielded significant benefit in 1 of the 3 years for each parameter. Neither disease symptoms nor DON gave reason to prefer one of the fungicide timings over the other. Across the 3 years, DON ranked the cultivars Endeavor < Nomini = Thoroughbred < Atlantic. Combining the moderate resistance of Endeavor with a fungicide application and averaging the two timings resulted in a 75% DON reduction compared with unsprayed Atlantic. Taken together, our results indicate that barley growers concerned about minimizing DON should both plant moderately resistant varieties and apply fungicide if there is scab risk. During the same period, 16 commercial winter barley cultivars were tested in from three to seven Virginia and North Carolina environments each, and the DON results were compared after standardization across environments. The winter two-row malting barley cultivars Endeavor and Calypso displayed superior and robust DON resistance across environments.

Fusarium head blight development and trichothecene accumulation in point inoculated Fusarium infected wheat heads

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gautam ◽  
R. Dill-Macky
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Important Disease

Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein) Petch] is the predominant causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), an economically important disease of wheat, in North America. Warm and humid environments at and shortly after anthesis favour FHB. FHB results in yield losses and quality losses in infected grain due to the accumulation of mycotoxins produced by the invading fungus. The objective of this study was to characterise the influence of different F. graminearum isolates and host resistance on FHB development and mycotoxin accumulation. A series of two greenhouse experiments were established where five single isolates of F. graminearum were tested. Three wheat cultivars were examined: Alsen (moderately resistant), 2375 (moderately susceptible) and Wheaton (susceptible). In the point-inoculation experiments, ca. 1000 conidia were placed into a central spikelet of spikes at anthesis. Point-inoculated spikelets were sampled at different growth stages up to soft dough stage. Samples from both experiment series were analysed for mycotoxins. The susceptible cultivar Wheaton had both the highest FHB severity and mycotoxin accumulation. The spread of symptoms both below and above the inoculated central spikelet was significantly higher in 2375 and Wheaton than Alsen. Though deoxynivalenol (DON) did not peak and decline in all experiments, when a peak in the DON content was present it was earlier in 2375 (early milk) than in either Alsen (early dough) or Wheaton (late milk). Though the isolates did not rank similarly in all experiments and in all cultivars, generally isolates Butte86Ada-11 and B63A were more aggressive and isolates 49-3 and B45A were less aggressive in terms of disease severity and mycotoxin accumulation.

scholarly journals Comparison of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) screening methods for Fusarium head blight resistance breeding

2013 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guna Ūsele ◽  
Indra Beinaroviča ◽  
Ieva Mežaka ◽  
Linda Legzdiņa
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L
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