scholarly journals Response of Barley Genotypes to Fusarium Head Blight under Natural Infection and Artificial Inoculation Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-464
Author(s):  
Raja Khanal ◽  
Thin Meiw Choo ◽  
Allen G. Xue ◽  
Bernard Vigier ◽  
Marc E. Savard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
One Year ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Forty-eight spring barley genotypes were evaluated for deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration under natural infection across 5 years at Harrington, Prince Edward Island. These genotypes were also evaluated for Fusarium head blight (FHB) severity and DON concentration under field nurseries with artificial inoculation of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> by the grain spawn method across 2 years at Ottawa, Ontario, and one year at Hangzhou, China. Additionally, these genotypes were also evaluated for FHB severity under greenhouse conditions with artificial inoculation of <i>F. graminearum</i> by conidial suspension spray method across 3 years at Ottawa, Ontario. The objective of the study was to investigate if reactions of barley genotypes to artificial FHB inoculation correlate with reactions to natural FHB infection. DON concentration under natural infection was positively correlated with DON concentration (<i>r</i> = 0.47, <i>P</i> < 0.01) and FHB incidence (<i>r</i> = 0.56, <i>P</i> < 0.01) in the artificially inoculated nursery with grain spawn method. Therefore, the grain spawn method can be used to effectively screen for low DON. FHB severity, generated from greenhouse spray, however, was not correlated with DON concentration (<i>r</i> = 0.12, <i>P</i> > 0.05) under natural infection and it was not correlated with DON concentration (<i>r</i> = -0.23, <i>P</i> > 0.05) and FHB incidence (<i>r</i> = 0.19, <i>P</i> > 0.05) in the artificially inoculated nursery with grain spawn method. FHB severity, DON concentration, and yield were affected by year, genotype, and the genotype × year interaction. The effectiveness of greenhouse spray inoculation for indirect selection for low DON concentration requires further studies. Nine of the 48 genotypes were found to contain low DON under natural infection. Island barley had low DON and also had high yield.

Effect of Fusarium head blight on deoxynivalenol levels in whole grain and patent flours from different wheat genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. De Almeida ◽  
D.J. Tessmann ◽  
H.T.Z. Do Couto ◽  
M.L. Fostim
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Type I ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Infection Resistance ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

Fusarium head blight (FHB) or scab, caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a highly destructive disease of wheat that can affect wheat grain yield and quality and contaminate grains and grain products with trichothecene mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON). The purpose this study was to evaluate FHB resistance and DON accumulation in whole grain flour (WGF) and patent flour (PF) from different wheat genotypes developed for the humid subtropical conditions in southern Brazil. Three types of physiological resistance were evaluated: resistance against initial infection, resistance to kernel infection, and resistance to DON accumulation, known as the type I, III and V resistance reactions to FHB, respectively. The experimental design was factorial, and the factors studied were genotypes (n=23), type of flour (WGF and PF), inoculation (uninoculated or inoculated), and growing season (2011 and 2012). The genotypes were screened with natural infection and were artificially inoculated by spraying a conidial suspension at mid-anthesis. DON content in WGF and PF was significantly affected by all the tested sources of variation and their interactions. Averaged among genotypes, the increase in DON content in WGF compared with PF was 29.3%, ranging from 1.7 to 66.4%. Significant differences in FHB incidence and severity, Fusarium-damaged kernels, yield and test weight (Tw) were observed among wheat genotypes. Artificial inoculation significantly affected the DON content of WGF and PF but not the other variables, indicating its utility in southern Brazil. Linear correlations between DON accumulation in WGF or PF and resistance to FHB variables, yield and Tw were also determined.

scholarly journals Evaluation of spring barley genotypes with different susceptibility to Fusarium head blight using molecular markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Nesvadba ◽  
T. Vyhnánek ◽  
I. Ježíšková ◽  
L. Tvarůžek ◽  
M. Špunarová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Barley Genotypes

One of cereal diseases that has gained a greater importance for growers, processing industry as well as for breeders in many regions of the world is Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by fungi of the Fusarium genus. The objectives of this study were to test diversity among spring barley breeding lines exhibiting various sensitivity to FHB and to find RAPD markers and AFLP markers that will distinguish between susceptible and resistant and/or moderately resistant genotypes. A test of a set of spring barley genotypes artificially infected by fusaria in field trials was carried out. Based on the results from field and laboratory evaluation and deoxynivalenol (DON) content assessment, barley genotypes with different responses to FHB were selected. The genotypes were hybridized and doubled haploid (DH) lines were derived in F<sub>1</sub> generation using the in vitro androgenesis method. Initial parental components and derived DH lines were tested for FHB infection and DON content. A set of parental genotypes of spring barley was tested with 80 RAPD markers. A RAPD marker (H30) was detected which enabled to distinguish between very susceptible parental genotypes and other resistant or moderately resistant spring barley genotypes based on the fragment of about 1300 bp. This specific product was screened in 23 DH lines derived from crosses of parental genotypes of spring barley and detected in 10 DH lines. During the study, some DH lines were selected that exhibited improved resistance to Fusarium infection. A low infection level and low DON content was found in the line DH&nbsp;4/2 derived from CI 4196 &times; Foster. The AFLP technique was used to analyse parental genotypes of spring barley. The detected markers can be further evaluated and employed to select breeding materials.

scholarly journals Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Traits linked to Fusarium Head Blight Symptoms Evaluation In Barley RILs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Ogrodowicz ◽  
Anetta Kuczyńska ◽  
Krzysztof Mikołajczak ◽  
Tadeusz Adamski ◽  
Maria Surma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Barley Genotypes

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease in small grain cereals worldwide. The disease results in the reduction of grain yield and affects its quality. In addition, mycotoxins accumulated in grain are harmful to both humans and animals. It has been reported that response to pathogen infection may be associated with the morphological and developmental characteristics of the host plant, e.g. the earliness and plant height. Despite the many studies the effective markers for the selection of barley genotypes with increased resistance to FHB have not thus far been developed. Therefore, exploring the genetic relationship between agronomic traits (e.g. heading date or stem height) and disease resistance is of importance to the understanding of plant resistance via “diesease escape” or dwarf stature. The studied plant material consisted of 100 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) of spring barley. Plants were examined in field conditions (three locations) in a completely randomized design with three replications. Barley genotypes were artificially infected with spores of Fusarium before heading. Apart from the main phenotypic traits (plant height, spike characteristic, grain yield) the infected kernels were visually scored and the content of deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin was investigated. A set of 70 Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) were detected through phenotyping of the mapping population in field condition and genotyping using a barley Ilumina iSelect platform with 9K markers. Six loci were detected for FHB index on chromosomes 2H, 3H, 5H and 7H. The region on the short arm of the 2H chromosome was detected in the current study, in which many QTLs associated with FHB- and yield-related characters were found. This study confirms that agromorphological traits are tightly related to the FHB and should be taken into consideration when breeding barley plants for FHB resistance.

scholarly journals Screening of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) Italian Cultivars for Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight Incited by Fusarium graminearum

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Gaetano Bentivenga ◽  
Alfio Spina ◽  
Karim Ammar ◽  
Maria Allegra ◽  
Santa Olga Cacciola
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Italian Origin

In 2009, a set of 35 cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) of Italian origin was screened for fusarium head blight (FHB) susceptibility at CIMMYT (Mexico) and in the 2019–20 cropping season, 16 of these cultivars, which had been included in the Italian National Plant Variety Register, were tested again in southern and northern Italy. Wheat cultivars were artificially inoculated during anthesis with a conidial suspension of Fusarium graminearum sensu lato using a standard spray inoculation method. Inoculum was a mixture of mono-conidial isolates sourced in the same areas where the trials were performed. Isolates had been characterized on the basis of morphological characteristics and by DNA PCR amplification using a specific primer set and then selected for their virulence and ability to produce mycotoxins. The susceptibility to FHB was rated on the basis of the disease severity, disease incidence and FHB index. Almost all of the tested cultivars were susceptible or very susceptible to FHB with the only exception of “Duprì”, “Tiziana” and “Dylan” which proved to be moderately susceptible. The susceptibility to FHB was inversely correlated with the plant height and flowering biology, the tall and the late heading cultivars being less susceptible.

scholarly journals Resistance to Fusarium head blight in spring barley

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chrpová ◽  
V. Šíp ◽  
L. Štočková ◽  
L. Stemberková ◽  
L. Tvarůžek
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Medium Resistance

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a fungal disease causing substantial yield and quality losses in barley. Genetic variation in deoxynivalenol (DON) content and and important yield traits in response to FHB were studied in 44 spring barley cultivars for two years following artificial inoculation with Fusarium culmorum under field conditions. The analysis of variance revealed that the largest effect on DON content and simultaneously on the reduction of thousand grain weight and grain weight per spike were due to the environmental conditions of the year, while the visual disease symptoms depended on the cultivars to a larger extent. All these traits were significantly interrelated. The most resistant cultivars Murasski mochi, Nordic, Krasnodarskij 35, Krasnodarskij 95, Nordus, and Usurijskij 8, together with the resistant check Chevron, showed the lowest DON content, the lowest expression of disease symptoms and the lowest reduction of TGW and GWS. However, most spring barley cultivars registered in the Czech Republic in recent years expressed susceptibility or medium resistance and were considerably affected by the disease. This increases the importance of breeding barley for resistance to FHB.

scholarly journals Timing of Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight in Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2928-2939
Author(s):  
Christina Cowger ◽  
Giovanni Beccari ◽  
Yanhong Dong
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
First Year ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Kernel Infection ◽  
Risk Forecasting ◽  
One Year ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
The Impact

The duration of wheat susceptibility to Fusarium infection has implications for risk forecasting, fungicide timing, and the likelihood that visible kernel damage may underpredict deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination. A field experiment was conducted to explore the impact of varying infection timings on Fusarium head blight (FHB) development in winter wheat. Trials in four successive years (2010 to 2013) in North Carolina utilized one susceptible and one moderately resistant cultivar possessing similar maturity, stature, and grain quality. Inoculum was applied in the form of sprayed Fusarium graminearum conidia. In the first year, the nine infection timings were from 0 to 21 days after anthesis (daa), whereas in the following 3 years, they ranged from 0 to 13 daa. Infection progression was compared among inoculation timings by sampling spikes five to six times during grain-fill. Based on DON, percent kernel damage and kernel infection, and fungal spread as assayed via qPCR, the moderately resistant cultivar had at least a 2- to 3-day shorter window of susceptibility to damaging FHB infection than the susceptible cultivar. The results suggest that duration of susceptibility is an important aspect of cultivar resistance to FHB. In 2012, the window of susceptibility for both cultivars was extended by cold snaps during anthesis. After debranning in one year, the majority of DON was found to be in the bran fraction of kernels; there was also a trend for later infections to lead to a higher percentage of DON in the nonbran fraction, as well as a higher ratio of DON to FDK.

scholarly journals Managing Fusarium Head Blight in Winter Barley With Cultivar Resistance and Fungicide

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1858-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Cowger ◽  
Consuelo Arellano ◽  
David Marshall ◽  
Joshua Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Cultivar Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Although there has been research on managing Fusarium head blight (FHB) in spring barley, little has been published on cultivar resistance and optimal fungicide timing for FHB management in winter barley. A 3-year (2015 to 2017) field experiment was conducted to measure FHB resistance of winter barley varieties, gauge the potential benefit from a fungicide, and help determine the optimal timing for fungicide application. The split-plot experiment took place in a misted, inoculated nursery in Raleigh, North Carolina using main plots of four winter barley cultivars (Atlantic, Endeavor, Nomini, and Thoroughbred). Three fungicide treatments were applied to subplots: prothioconazole + tebuconazole at full spike emergence, the same fungicide 6 days later, or no fungicide. The late applications significantly reduced FHB index in each of 3 years and significantly reduced deoxynivalenol (DON) in harvested grain in 2 of the 3 years. Applications at full spike emergence also yielded significant benefit in 1 of the 3 years for each parameter. Neither disease symptoms nor DON gave reason to prefer one of the fungicide timings over the other. Across the 3 years, DON ranked the cultivars Endeavor < Nomini = Thoroughbred < Atlantic. Combining the moderate resistance of Endeavor with a fungicide application and averaging the two timings resulted in a 75% DON reduction compared with unsprayed Atlantic. Taken together, our results indicate that barley growers concerned about minimizing DON should both plant moderately resistant varieties and apply fungicide if there is scab risk. During the same period, 16 commercial winter barley cultivars were tested in from three to seven Virginia and North Carolina environments each, and the DON results were compared after standardization across environments. The winter two-row malting barley cultivars Endeavor and Calypso displayed superior and robust DON resistance across environments.

scholarly journals Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation of Barley in Eastern Canada: Cultivar Response and Correlation Analysis

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 837-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo ◽  
R. A. Martin ◽  
K. M. Ho ◽  
Q. Shen ◽  
G. Fedak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Infection Susceptibility ◽  
Performance Trial

Fusarium head blight of barley (Hordeum vulgare) is a devastating disease in many countries. We undertook a study to identify barley cultivars, if any, that are resistant to Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation and to determine if DON concentration is correlated with other plant traits in Eastern Canada and China. Barley cultivars were grown in the field under artificial inoculation conditions at two locations (Charlottetown and Ottawa) in Canada during two summers and at Hangzhou in China during two winters. Seed samples were collected for DON analysis from the barley performance trial at five locations in Ontario. None of the 64 barley cultivars were immune to Fusarium head blight infection. Two-row cultivars, however, were significantly more resistant to Fusarium head blight infection and DON accumulation than six-row cultivars. Three cultivars (Island, AC Alberte, and Chevron) were found to be most resistant, as they were consistently low in Fusarium head blight incidence and DON concentration in both Eastern Canada and China. In six-row barley, DON concentration was correlated positively with Fusarium head blight incidence at both Charlottetown and Ottawa, and it was negatively correlated with plant height at Ottawa. DON concentration and heading date were not consistently correlated. Barley yellow dwarf and powdery mildew appeared to have very little effect on Fusarium head blight infection. Susceptibility to DON accumulation did not result in low yield under natural infection conditions in Ontario. Cultivar × location interactions for DON concentration, Fusarium head blight incidence, and heading date were significant.

scholarly journals Evaluation of efficacy of modern fungicides against fusarium head blight on winter wheat

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
M. Dzham
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Biological Preparation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Untreated Check

Goal. To study the influence of modern biological and chemical preparations on the development of fungi of the genus Fusariumunder conditions of artificial inoculation. Methods. The efficacy of fungicides was studied in 2018—2019 in the Zhytomyr region, Pulinsky district under the conditions of artificial inoculation on winter wheat of the Bogdan variety. Mixture of conidia of the fusarium fungi (F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. poae, F. avenaceum) was used for ear inoculation. The plot area was 2 m2 in four replications, the plot placement was randomized. The inoculation of winter wheat ears was carried out at the phase of mass flowering. At the phase of milky-wax maturity, records were taken to determine the spread and development of the disease. The following fungicides were used to protect wheat crops: Folicur BT EC, 1.2 l/ha, Magnello 350 EC, 1.0 l/ ha, Haupsin, 0.2 l/ha, Fitodoktor, 0.05 kg/ha, Alliot 250 EC, 0.5 l/ ha, Bumper Super EC, 1.2 l/ha and mixtures of Magnello 350 EC, 0.75 l/ha + Haupsin 0.2 l/ha, Magnello350 EC, 0.75 l/ha + Fitodoktor, 0.05 kg/ha. Results. The results obtained during the years of investigationsindicate that the used preparations are efficient for the protection of crops from fusarium head blight on winter wheat. However,not all fungicides tested had high enough efficacy. The most effective against the pathogens F.graminearum, F. culmorum, F. poae, F. avenaceumunder conditions of Zhytomyr region were fungicides Folicur BT EC, 1.2 l/ha, Magnello 350 EC, 1.0 l/ha and mixtures of fungicide and biological preparation (Magnello 350 EC, 0.75 l/ ha + Haupsin, 0.2 l/ha). Efficacy of fungicides used against these pathogens ranged from 69.2% to 75.2%. After fungicide application the weight of 1000 grains increased by 7.3—13.6 g. Significant difference between experimental variants and untreated check on 1000 grain weight was noted. With the use of fungicides, the yield increased by 22.3—24.8%. Conclusions. The analysis of the protection against fusarium head blight convinces the need to apply chemical protection measures when weather conditions are favorable for the development of the disease. In the growing seasons of 2018—2019, under conditions of the Zhytomyr region, the most promising and effective against the pathogens F.graminearum, F. culmorum, F. poae, F. avenaceum were fungicides Folicur BT EC, 1.2 l/ha, Magnello 350 EC, 1.0 l/ ha and mixtures of fungicide and biological preparation Magnello 350 EC, 0.75 l/ ha + Haupsin, 0.2 l/ha.

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