Influence of pesticide-treated seeds on survival of Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer, symbiotic efficiency and yield in chickpea

Chemical seed protectants are used to reduce the adverse effects of seedling fungal pathogens or insect attack on legume pastures and crops. Chickpea seeds are also frequently treated with Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer inoculant to promote effective symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF), which seems to be a cost effective measure. The population of viable Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer on seeds of chickpea declined with time of storage (4°C) in pesticide treated and untreated chickpea seeds in vitro. A significant reduction in chickpea rhizobia was observed in seed treatment with Captan followed by Endosulfan and Chlorpyrifos. In a field experiment during the winter season 2006–2008, no difference in the emergence count of chickpea plants was observed. Treatments inoculated with Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer alone or along with Captan, Chlorpyrifos or Endosulfan showed improved plant growth and symbiotic parameters (plant height, nodulation, leghaemoglobin content, and nitrogen content) in comparison with the uninoculated control treatment. Significantly higher grain yield (9.6%) was observed in the treatment inoculated with Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer alone as compared to the uninoculated control. A non-significant difference in grain yield among treatments where Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer along with a mixture of fungicide and insecticides was applied was observed in contrast to the Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer treatment. In conclusion, the recommended rates of fungicide and insecticides as seed treatment were not detrimental to chickpea-Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer symbiosis, hence they can be safely used to obtain higher productivity.  

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In vitro growth and indoleacetic acid production by Mesorhizobium loti SEMIA806 and SEMIA816 under the influence of copper ions

Microbiology Research ◽

10.4081/mr.2017.7302 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jéssica Dutra Vieira ◽

Paulo Roberto Diniz Da Silva ◽

Valdir Marcos Stefenon

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soils ◽

Acid Production ◽

Indoleacetic Acid ◽

Copper Ions ◽

Control Culture ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Symbiotic Interaction ◽

Mesorhizobium Loti ◽

Significant Difference

The indoleacetic acid produced by symbiotic bacteria is an important phytohormone signaling microbe-plant interaction, being therefore essential for rhizoremediation. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of copper ions on the bacterial growth and indoleacetic acid production was investigated in two strains of Mesorhizobium loti in in vitro conditions, aiming to determine critical concentrations of this heavy metal for rhizoremediation of contaminated soils using this bacterium. The experiment consisted on a control culture without copper and three treatments supplemented with 10 mg.L-1, 20 mg.L-1 or 50 mg.L-1 of CuSO4. For both strains, the growth stopped after 48h and no significant difference was observed across treatments. The production of indoleacetic acid by the control treatment without copper was significantly higher in comparison to the copper- containing treatments. Mesorhizobium loti SEMIA806 and SEMIA816 are resistant to up to 50 mg.L-1 of CuSO4 in the culture medium, presenting effective growth. The synthesis of indoleacetic acid was strongly reduced but not excluded by ions copper in the medium. So, it is expected that environmental copper found in the soil up to the concentration of 50 mg.L-1 will not preclude the symbiotic interaction between M. loti and leguminous host plant in rhizoremediation enterprises.

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Efficacy of different fungicides and biopesticides for the management of lentil wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis)

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v8i01.19565 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

Author(s):

KAMLESH RAM ◽

RAMESH SINGH

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Test Plant ◽

Mycelia Growth ◽

Wilt Incidence

In Vitro and In Vivo studies on the efficacy of fungicides and biopesticides. Among the fungicides, in Carbedazim to the most effective as they have inhibited the mycelia growth completely of the test fungus, and Benomyl, Topsin - M, Ridomil,Vitavax were found the next best in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the pathogen up to 92.11% to 83.46% respectively. Sadabahar was least effective plant extracts which causes 42 mm of radial growth and inhibited the growth of the only 19.23%. In Vivo condition the maximum seed germination (95.50% and 95.33%), minimum wilt incidence (5.16% and 3.65%) and highest grain yield (10.50 q/ha and 10.35 q/ha) was found seed treatment with Carbendazim (0.2%). Among the test plant extracts Tulsi was lested effective, which show the minimum seed germination (80.00% and 77.50%), maximum wilt incidence (15.70% and 14.10%), and lowest grain yield (3.92 q/ha and 4.17 q/ha).

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In Vitro Effects of Different Combinations of Phytohormones on Callus Induction from Different Explants of Cabbage Brassica Oleracea Var. Capitata L. Seedlings

Iraqi Journal of Science ◽

10.24996/ijs.2021.62.10.7 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 3476-3486

Author(s):

Alaa. M. Hasan ◽

Ekhlas. A.J. ElKaaby ◽

Rakad. M.Kh. AL-Jumaily

Keyword(s):

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Callus Induction ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Superior Result ◽

Significant Difference ◽

In Vitro Effects

The leading purpose of this work is the development of efficient culture conditions to induce calli from cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) under in vitro conditions. The mature seeds were surface sterilized with combinations of different concentrations of ethanol and NaOCl in different time durations and were germinated on MS basal medium. The results revealed that the best sterilization method of cabbage seeds was by using 70% ethanol for one minute, followed by 15 min in 2% (NaOCl). Seedlings were used as donor sources for hypocotyls, cotyledon leaves, true leaves, and shoot tip explants. These explants were cultured on different combinations of cytokinins (TDZ, BAP, Ad) and auxins (IAA, NAA, 2, 4-D) then implanted in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. 4 weeks after culturing, a significant difference was found among the explants in response to plant hormones. The maximum percentage of callus induction (100%) was using the combinations of 1 BAP + 1 2, 4-D, 1 BAP + 1 NAA, and 1 BAP + 2 2,4-D mg. l-1. In addition, explants responses varied and the hypocotyls showed a superior result (85.71 %) as compared to other explants. For callus fresh weight, the combination of 0.22 TDZ + 79.9 Ad mg. l-1 had a significant effect, causing the highest fresh weight (0.2745g), while control treatment gave the lowest mean of 0.0066 g. Data showed that cotyledon explants were significantly superior in giving highest callus fresh weight with the mean of 0.1723 g. On the other hand, hypocotyl explants gave the lowest mean, reaching 0.1542 g.

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Development of prepubertal goat oocytes after their in vitro maturation and chemical activation

Zygote ◽

10.1017/s0967199420000313 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 447-452

Author(s):

Seungbum Hong ◽

Binoy S. Vettical ◽

Nisar Ahmad Wani

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Developmental Potential ◽

Embryo Culture Medium ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Maturation Rate ◽

Further Development ◽

Oviductal Fluid

SummaryExperiments were conducted to study in vitro maturation of prepubertal goat oocytes and their developmental potential after chemical activation. In Experiment 1, cumulus–oocytes complexes collected from the ovaries of prepubertal goats slaughtered at a local abattoir were matured in vitro in TCM-199-based medium supplemented with 10 µg/ml luteinizing hormone (LH) (treatment 1) or 10 µg/ml LH + 0.1 mM l-cysteine (treatment 2). In Experiment 2, mature oocytes were activated with either 5 µM ionomycin or 7% ethanol. After 18 h, some oocytes were randomly fixed and stained to evaluate their chromatin status, while others were cultured in embryo culture medium to study their further development. In Experiment 3, oocytes activated with 5 µM ionomycin were cultured for 7 days in one of the four different culture media [Charles Rosenkrans medium (CR-1), TCM-199, potassium simplex optimization medium (KSOM) and synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF)] to study their developmental potential. The maturation rate in control, treatment 1, and treatment 2 media did not differ from each other (P > 0.05). However, the lowest degeneration of oocytes was observed in treatment 3 (P < 0.05) when compared with the other two groups. The proportion of activated oocytes was higher, while non-activated oocytes were lower in ionomycin group when compared with the group activated with ethanol (P < 0.05). The proportions of oocytes cleaved were 65.7, 56.8, 61.0 and 54.4% in CR-1, TCM-199, KSOM and SOF medium, respectively, with no significant difference. However, further development of cleaved oocytes was better in KSOM followed by SOF.

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Biological Control of Pathogens Causing Root Rot Complex in Field Pea Using Clonostachys rosea Strain ACM941

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.2003.93.3.329 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 329-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Allen G. Xue

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Field Pea ◽

Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽

Clonostachys Rosea

Pea root rot complex (PRRC), caused by Alternaria alternata, Aphanomyces euteiches, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi, F. solani f. sp. pisi, Mycosphaerella pinodes, Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a major yield-limiting factor for field pea production in Canada. A strain of Clonostachys rosea (syn. Gliocladium roseum), ACM941 (ATCC 74447), was identified as a mycoparasite against these pathogens. When grown near the pathogen, ACM941 often was stimulated to produce lateral branches that grew directly toward the pathogen mycelium, typically entwining around the pathogen mycelium. When applied to the seed, ACM941 propagated in the rhizosphere and colonized the seed coat, hypocotyl, and roots as the plant developed and grew. ACM941 significantly reduced the recovery of all fungal pathogens from infected seed, increased in vitro seed germination by 44% and seedling emergence by 22%, and reduced root rot severity by 76%. The effects were similar to those of thiram fungicide, which increased germination and emergence by 33 and 29%, respectively, and reduced root rot severity by 65%. When soil was inoculated with selected PRRC pathogens in a controlled environment, seed treatment with ACM941 significantly increased emergence by 26, 38, 28, 13, and 21% for F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi, F. solani f. sp. pisi, M. pinodes, R. solani, and S. sclerotiorum, respectively. Under field conditions from 1995 to 1997, ACM941 increased emergence by 17, 23, 22, 13, and 18% and yield by 15, 6, 28, 6, and 19% for the five respective pathogens. The seed treatment effects of ACM941 on these PRRC pathogens were greater or statistically equivalent to those achieved with thiram. Results of this study suggest that ACM941 is an effective bioagent in controlling PRRC and is an alternative to existing chemical products.

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IN VITRO AND FIELD PERFORMANCE OF SOME SEED TREATING FUNGICIDAL GROUPS ON GERMINATION, DISEASE INCIDENCE AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING CHARACTERS OF CHICKPEA (BARI Chola-10)

Acta Scientifica Malaysia ◽

10.26480/asm.01.2020.45.50 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

Md. Shahriar kobir ◽

Md. Hafijur Rahman ◽

Pradip Hajong ◽

Md. Harun-Or- Rashid

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Field Performance ◽

Experimental Treatment ◽

Research Station ◽

Vigor Index ◽

Group Treatments

Low productivity of chickpea in Bangladesh is obtained due to different disease incidence and seed treatment by fungicides can minimize the disease severity. A laboratory and field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jashore, Bangladesh to evaluate the effect of some seed treating fungicidal groups on germination, soil-borne as well as seed-borne disease incidence and yield contributing characters of chickpea (BARI Chola-10). In laboratory the experiment was conducted in CR design and in field condition the experiment was conducted in RCB design with three replications in both conditions. Five fungicides namely Provax 200 WP (Carboxin +Thiram), Secure 600 WG (Fenamidone + Mancozeb), Rovral 50 WP (Iprodione), Bavistin 50 WP (Carbendazim), Captan 50 WP along with control was maintained as experimental treatment. The fungicidal group treatments showed significant variation among the parameters except days to mature. The highest germination (92%), plumule length (31.22 mm), radicle length (12.26 mm), Vigor index (4015.5), Percent disease reduction over control (84%), plant height (63.67 cm), plants m- 2 (31), pods plant-1 (81), grain yield (2062.7 kg ha-1) and the lowest days to 50 % flowering (65), disease incidence (3.33%) was found when seeds were treated with fungicide Provax 200 WP (Carboxin +Thiram). To reduce the soil-borne as well as seed-borne disease incidence and to increase grain yield of chickpea, seed treatment with provax 200 WP should be followed.

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Genetic bases of corn inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense via seed and foliar application

Acta Scientiarum Agronomy ◽

10.4025/actasciagron.v43i1.48130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e48130

Author(s):

Tânia Maria Müller ◽

Thomas Newton Martin ◽

Vinícius dos Santos Cunha ◽

Janete Denardi Munareto ◽

Gerusa Massuquini Conceição ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Efficient Alternative ◽

Seed Application ◽

Genetic Bases

Nitrogen is available in insufficient quantities in Brazilian soils, and is the nutrient that raises the most cost of production of maize. Nowadays there is a more interest in the use of alternative nitrogen sources, such as biological nitrogen fixation, to supply plant demand. Among the most used bacteria in association with grasses is Azospirillum brasilense. In this way this study aimed to establish a relationship between the genetic bases of corn and the forms of A. brasilense application and the effects on the plant morphological components, grain yield, and relative nitrogen contribution. Experiments were conducted during the 2013/14 and 2014/15 crop seasons. The experiments included two single hybrids, two double hybrids, and two triple hybrids inoculated with A. brasilense via seed treatment; foliar application during phenological stages V2, V2 + V4, and V4; and a control treatment without bacteria. The response varied with the hybrid and the year. In the 2013/14 crop, a significant difference was observed in the grain yield for the single hybrid AG9045 inoculated with A. brasilense via seed and foliar application in V2. In the 2014/15 crop, inoculation with A. brasilense via seed application resulted in significant increases in the grain yield for the triple hybrid BG7051. Foliar application of A. brasilense is an efficient alternative for the improvement of plant morphological traits, and inoculation via seed and with foliar application in V2 increases the relative contribution of N.

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RESPONSE YIELD WHEAT AND ITS COMPONENTS TO ABA UNDER EFFECT OF WATER STRESS

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v48i4.352 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad & Hashim

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Wheat Cultivar ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Research Station ◽

Field Crop ◽

Full Irrigation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Crop Research

Two field experiments were carried out at field crop research station- Abu-Ghraib- agricultural researches office during 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 to investigate effect of irrigation deficiency quantities and ABA concentrations soaking and spraying on yield, its components of bahooth 10 wheat cultivar. Split plot arrangement by RCBD with three replicates for each experiment. First trial included for water irrigation quantities which control treatment (50% water depletion from available water), 70% and 40% from control treatment as well as rainy treatment (germination irrigation + rainfed) which occupied main plots while ABA soaking concentration (0, 1, 2, and 3) micromoles which occupied sup plots. Second experiment included same irrigation treatments which occupied main plots while ABA spraying concentration (0, 30, 60 and 90) micromoles occupied sub plots. The results of first experiment revealed there is no significant differences between the control treatment and 70% of the control for the number of spikelet per spike 18.79 and 18.45 spikelet Spike-1, number of spike 331.99 and 330.54 spike m-2, grain yield 4.73 and 4.74 ton ha-1 as average for both season respectively. The results of second experiment showed that control treatment attained the highest values of number of spike 328.25 and 333.92 spike m-2, grain yield 4.97 and 5.11 ton ha-1 for both season respectively, but didn’t differ 70% from control treatment. Concentrations soaking and spraying of ABA affect significantly most of studied traits. 3 micromoles Soaking concentration gave the highest values for number of spikes 309.00 and 310.25 spike m-2, number of grain per spike 49.81 and 51.18 grain Spike-1, grain yield 3.62 and 3.97 ton ha-1 for both season respectively, spraying with ABA at 60 micromole concentrations gave the average number of spike 326.00 and 332.00 spike m-2, grain yield 3.85 and 4.18 ton ha-1 for both season respectively with no significant difference with 90 micromole concentration which gave the highest values. The interaction between irrigation and ABA (soaking and spraying) showed a significantly effect on most characteristics yield and its components. Therefore can be conclude to capability of irrigation with 70% from full irrigation without signification effect in grain yield, as well as can be treat plant wheat with ABA concentration 3 and 60 micromoles soaking and spraying respectively to improve their ability to tolerance water stress.

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Effects of the bendazol fungicide on in vitro development of the nim (Azadirachta indica A. JUSS)

Research in Biotechnology ◽

10.19071/rib.2016.v7.3078 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Elisabete Pacheco Dos Santos ◽

Robson Antonio De Souza ◽

Maria Jaislanny Lacerda e Medeiros ◽

Gilberto Dias Alves ◽

Laureen Michelle Houllou

Keyword(s):

Culture Medium ◽

Callus Formation ◽

Production Costs ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Nodal Segment ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lateral Bud ◽

Vitro Development

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate Bendazol fungicidal effects in neem micropropagation. In these experiments, the nodal segment explants from in vitro plants were used. In the first experiment, the explants remained in DKW culture medium for a period of 30 days containing different concentrations of Bendazol (M1 -50, M2 - 100, M3 - 200, and M4 - 400 mg.L-1). The control treatment (M0) was prepared with DKW medium + BAP (0.225 mg.L-1). In the second experiment, the explants were maintained for only one week in media supplemented with Bendazol or BAP, and then they were transferred and kept in free Bendazol/BAP media for three weeks. In each experiment, the design was completely randomized with five treatments, 10 replicates per treatment, and one explant/cultivation flask. The variables analyzed included the formation of calluses and roots, lateral bud development, shoot height, contamination and plant death. There was no significant difference in tree variables (shoot, callus formation and shoot height) between treatments in both experiments. There was no death, plant contamination and rooting during the experiment. The results indicate that Bendazol can be used at low doses for in vitro neem cloning thereby replacing BAP and ultimately reducing production costs.

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Effect of Fungicide Seed Treatment on Field Emergence of Poor and Good Quality Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan).

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v63i1.10302 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 8-12

Author(s):

M. A. Ellis ◽

R. S. Smith ◽

O. Zambrano

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Seedborne Fungi ◽

Field Emergence ◽

Percentage Incidence

Poor quality (50% seed germination in vitro and 67% of seeds infected by internally seedborne fungi) and good quality (93% seed germination in vitro and 9% of seeds infected by internally seedborne fungi) seed lots of pigeon pea (cultivar 2-B Bushy) were treated with fungicides, penicillin-G, and penicillin-G plus fungicide. All treatments significantly increased percentage field emergence of the poor quality seed lot above the non treated control. There was no significant difference in percentage field emergence between treated and nontreated seeds of the good quality seedlot. When surface disinfested, poor quality seeds were treated with thiram and placed on potato dextrose agar, the percentage seed germination in vitro increased significantly, and percentage incidence of internally seedborne fungi decreased significantly compared to that of the nontreated control.

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