scholarly journals RESPONSE YIELD WHEAT AND ITS COMPONENTS TO ABA UNDER EFFECT OF WATER STRESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad & Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Crop Research

Two field experiments were carried out at field crop research station- Abu-Ghraib- agricultural researches office during 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 to investigate effect of  irrigation deficiency quantities and ABA concentrations soaking and spraying on yield, its components of bahooth 10 wheat cultivar. Split plot arrangement by RCBD with three replicates for each experiment. First trial included for water irrigation quantities which control treatment (50% water depletion from available water), 70% and 40% from control treatment as well as rainy treatment (germination irrigation + rainfed) which occupied main plots while ABA soaking concentration (0, 1, 2, and 3) micromoles which occupied sup plots. Second experiment included same irrigation treatments which occupied main plots while ABA spraying concentration (0, 30, 60 and 90) micromoles occupied sub plots. The results of first experiment revealed there is no significant differences between the control treatment and 70% of the control for the number of spikelet per spike 18.79 and 18.45 spikelet Spike-1, number of spike 331.99 and 330.54 spike m-2, grain yield 4.73 and 4.74 ton ha-1 as average for both season respectively. The results of second experiment showed that control treatment attained the highest values of number of spike 328.25 and 333.92 spike m-2, grain yield 4.97 and 5.11 ton ha-1 for both season respectively, but didn’t differ 70% from control treatment. Concentrations soaking and spraying of ABA affect significantly most of studied traits. 3 micromoles Soaking concentration gave the highest values for number of spikes 309.00 and 310.25 spike m-2, number of grain per spike 49.81 and 51.18 grain Spike-1, grain yield 3.62 and 3.97 ton ha-1 for both season respectively, spraying with ABA at 60 micromole concentrations gave the average number of spike 326.00 and 332.00 spike m-2, grain yield 3.85 and 4.18 ton ha-1 for both season respectively with no significant difference with 90 micromole concentration which gave the highest values. The interaction between irrigation and ABA (soaking and spraying) showed a significantly effect on most characteristics yield and its components. Therefore can be conclude to capability of irrigation with 70% from full irrigation without signification effect in grain yield, as well as can be treat plant wheat with ABA concentration 3 and 60 micromoles soaking and spraying respectively to improve their ability to tolerance water stress.

scholarly journals OF SOME FIELD TRAITS OF WHEAT TO ABA UNDER EFFECT OF WATER STRESS RESPONSE

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashim & Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Significant Difference

Two field experiments were carried out at the field crop research station- Abu-Ghraib of agricultural researches office during 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 to investigate effect of water irrigation quantities and ABA concentrations soaking and spraying on some morphological traits of wheat cultivar bahooth 10. Split plot arrangement by RCBD with three replicates for each experiment. First trial included for water irrigation volumes which control treatment (irrigation 50% of the water available), 70% and 40% from control treatment as well as rainy treatment (germination irrigation + rainfed) which occupied main plots while ABA soaking concentration (0, 1, 2, and 3) micromoles which occupied sub plots. Second experiment included same irrigation treatments which occupied main plots while ABA spraying concentration (0, 30, 60 and 90) micromoles occupied sub plots. Irrigation treatment 70% of first experiment produced plant height was 97.08 cm and flag leaf area 46.35 cm-2 and dry weight at 100% anthesis 1144.57 gm m-2.  For second experiment control treatment gave highest values for duration from planting to 100% anthesis 113.41 and 111.50 day, number of tillers 388.95 and 403.18 tiller m-2 , the crop growth rate 10.61 and 11.31 g m-2 day for both season respectively with no significant difference with 70% of control treatment for both seasons. Soaking concentration 3 micromoles attained the highest value of number of tillers 338.58 and 354.20 tiller m-2, dry matter at 100% anthesis 970.10 and 1102.43 gm m-2, day the crop growth rate 8.85 and 10.16 gm-2 . day for both seasons respectively .While spraying 90 micromoles concentration gave the lowest values for plant height 82.63 and 88.22 cm, but the highest value for number of tillers 336.67 and 384.92 tiller m-2 , for both season , day the crop growth rate 9.13 and 9.05 g m-2 day for first season with did not differ significantly from 60 micromoles . Therefore could be conclude to capability of irrigation with 70% from full irrigation without signification effect in growth traits, as well as can be treat plant wheat with ABA concentration 3 and 60 micromoles soaking and spraying respectively to improve their ability to tolerance water stress .

scholarly journals The Variability of Grain Yield of Some Cowpea Genotypes in Response to Phosphorus and Water Stress under Field Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Grace Adusei ◽  
Moses Kwame Aidoo ◽  
Amit Kumar Srivastava ◽  
James Yaw Asibuo ◽  
Thomas Gaiser
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Humid Forest

The objective of this study is to identify cowpea genotypes that are tolerant to both phosphorous and drought stresses on highly weathered soil. It is hypothesized that (1) genotypes that have the highest grain yield under optimum conditions do not perform best under P or water stress and (2) genotypes that have the highest grain yield under P stress conditions also perform well under water or combined water and P stress. An experiment was conducted in the humid forest zone of Ghana during two dry seasons (2017 and 2018). Ten cowpea genotypes were evaluated in response to four combinations of P fertilizer and drought treatments. The treatments included 0 kg P ha−1 + water stress (0P + WS; control treatment); 60 kg P ha−1 + water stress (60P + WS); 0 kg P ha−1 + no water stress (0P + NWS); 60 kg P ha−1 + no water stress (60P + NWS; optimum condition) in both field experiments. The experiment was laid out in a split plot arrangement with three replications. The grain yield of the cowpea genotypes during 2017 growing cycle ranged between 1094 and 3600 kg ha−1, and in 2018 between 928 and 3125 kg ha−1. In both growing cycles, genotypes Asontem and GH5344 had the highest grain yield under optimum conditions (60 kg P ha−1 + water). Under combined P and water stress, Hans adua, GH6060 and Asontem were the best three genotypes with grain yield ranging between 1678 and 1478 kg ha−1 and this observation was made during both growing cycles. In conclusion, the genotypes showed a variable response to the different treatments in this study. Hypothesis 1 (genotypes that have the highest grain yield under optimum conditions do not perform best under water or P stress conditions) was not confirmed as the genotypes GH2309 and GH6060 (ranking 3rd and 4th under optimum conditions) were among the three best cultivars both under water or P stress conditions. Hypothesis 2.1 (genotypes that have the highest grain yield under P stress conditions perform well under water stress conditions) was confirmed for all genotypes studied except for the genotype Asontem. Hypothesis 2.2 (genotypes that have the highest grain yield under P stress conditions perform also well under combined water and P stress) was true since the best four genotypes under P stress where the best four genotypes under combined water and P stress (0P + WS). GH6060, Hans adua and Asontem are most adapted to combined water and P stress and need to be further explored to ascertain their potential as drought and phosphorus deficiency-tolerant genotypes.

Contribution of Stem Dry Matter to Grain Yield in Wheat Cultivars

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Pheloung ◽  
KHM Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Field experiments were conducted in the eastern wheat belt of Western Australia in a dry year with and without irrigation (1987) and in a wet year (1988), comparing three cultivars of wheat differing in height and yield potential. The aim of the study was to determine the contribution of remobilisable stem dry matter to grain dry matter under different water regimes in old and modern wheats. Stem non-structural carbohydrate was labelled with 14C 1 day after anthesis and the activity and weight of this pool and the grain was measured at 2, 18 and 58 days after anthesis. Gutha and Kulin, modern tall and semi-dwarf cultivars respectively, yielded higher than Gamenya, a tall older cultivar in all conditions, but the percentage reduction in yield under water stress was greater for the modern cultivars (41, 34 and 23%). In the grain of Gamenya, the increase in 14C activity after the initial labelling was highest under water stress. Generally, loss of 14C activity from the non-structural stem dry matter was less than the increase in grain activity under water stress but similar to or greater than grain activity increase under well watered conditions. Averaged over environments and cultivars, non-structural dry matter stored in the stem contributed at least 20% of the grain dry matter.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sesame Yield and Yield Component under Different NPS Fertilizer Rates in Western Tigray, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Teame Shimgabr ◽  
Negasi Gebereslasie ◽  
Haile Alene ◽  
Welesenbet Haftu ◽  
Nebyu Tsegay
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Number Of Branches

Field experiments were conducted in three sites of Western Tigray, Ethiopia. The experiments aimed at identifying optimum the rate of the newly introduced NPS fertilizer impact with different levels on growth, yield attributes, yield and economics of sesame in vertisols of Western Tigray at the Humera station, Banat and Kebabo Kafta Humera and Tsegede Wereda’s. The treatments consisted of six levels of NPS 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha-1 and one blanket recommendation N and P was applied. The experiment was laid out in an RCBD with three replications. Yield of Sesame and yield related components showed significant difference (p < 0.001) compared to control. Results showed that number of branches plant-1, length of pod bearing zone (cm), plant height (cm), number of capsules plant-1, seeds capsule-1 and seed yield was significant differences at (P< 0.001) Grain yield increases from 444.8 kg ha-1 to 671.9 kg ha-1 as NPS and 444.8 kg ha-1 to 628 kg ha-1 as NP increases from 0 (control) to 100 kg ha-1 NPS and 41 kg N and 46 kg P205 ha-1 respectively. But NPS was not significant with blanket recommendation of N and P (41 kg N and 46 kg P205 ha-1), therefore no need to replace the NP by NPS fertilizer in the study area.

Path Analysis of Red Rice (Oryza sativaL.) Competition by Cultivated Rice

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Pantone ◽  
J. B. Baker ◽  
P. W. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice

During 1985 to 1989, a series of field experiments were conducted at the Rice Research Station in Crowley, LA. Path analysis was employed to evaluate the competitive interaction between a weed (red rice) and cultivated rice (Mars). The path analysis quantified direct effects of red rice and Mars rice densities on the yield components (grain weight, percent filled florets, number of florets panicle−1, and panicles plant−1) of red rice and Mars rice. The model illustrated the direct and indirect effects of the yield components on fecundity and grain yield plant−1. The direct effects of Mars and red rice densities on panicles plant−1and florets panicle−1were always negative. In contrast, the effects of density on percent filled florets and grain weight varied from positive to negative and were relatively small, implying that they were determined primarily by density-independent factors. Path analysis indicated that the number of panicles plant−1and florets panicle−1were the most important yield components determining the responses of fecundity and grain yield to competition.

Effect of plant density and detopping following silking on cob growth, fodder and grain yield of maize (Zea mays)

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Roy ◽  
P. K. Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Stem Reserves

SUMMARYMaize was grown al the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Hathazari, Bangladesh during 1988/89 and 1989/90 to study fodder yield, cob growth and grain yield together with the contribution of pre-silking stem reserves to grain. Population densities were 33300, 44400 and 66600 plants/ha. Plants were either detopped after silking and pollen shedding, keeping 0, 2 or 3 leaves above the cob, or were left entire.The results showed that the maize crop could successfully be detopped for fodder with little or no adverse effect on grain yield. Fodder yield increased with increased plant density and among the detopping treatments the highest fodder yield was obtained when the plants were detopped just above the cob. Cob growth followed a sigmoid pattern and the highest dry weight per cob was obtained from the lowest plant density and from entire plants. The number of cobs/m2 increased with increased plant density but detopping treatments did not give any significant difference in relation to densities. The number of grains/cob was highest with 33300 plants/ha but, among the detopping treatments, plants detopped just above the cob had the lowest number of grains/cob in both years. Weight of 1000-grain decreased with increasing plant density but it was increased by detopping plants just above the cob during 1988/89, although it was decreased in 1989/90. The highest apparent translocation of pre-silking reserves was obtained using densities of 44400 plants/ha but detopping treatments did not show any consistent effect, although the highest apparent translocation (20%) and harvest index (58%) were obtained from plants detopped just above the cob.

Influence of organic sources of nutrients on vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) as an intercrop in coconut garden

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Maheswarappa, V. Krishnakumar, ◽  
Alka Gupta, A. Geetha Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vigorous Growth

<p>Performance of vanilla, as influenced by organic source of nutrition when grown as intercrop in coconut garden, was studied in sandy loam soil at ICAR-CPCRI, Kasaragod, Kerala for seven years. Field experiments were carried out with different sources of organic manures, recommended NPK fertilizer and no fertilizer treatments. Application of cow dung slurry (6 tonnes ha<sup>-1</sup>) resulted in vigorous growth of vine (vine length of 5.5 m) and higher number of beans per vine (208) and a significantly higher mean fresh yield of bean (1.87 kg vine<sup>-1</sup>). Application of vermicompost (5 kg plant<sup>-1</sup>) + biofertilizers (<em>Bacillus</em> and <em>Azospirillum</em>) and vermiwash were on par and recorded mean fresh yield of 1.47 kg vine<sup>-1</sup> and 1.30 kg vine<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Control treatment without fertilizer application recorded significantly lower fresh bean yield (0.55 kg vine<sup>-1</sup>) due to lower number of beans per vine (72 nos.).  In the rhizosphere of vanilla, no significant difference for either bacterial or actinomycetes population was noticed among the treatments. The fungal population differed significantly among the treatments and the highest population level was found with application of biogas slurry (62.1x10<sup>3</sup>cfu g<sup>-1</sup> soil), which was on par with application of cow dung slurry (59x10<sup>3</sup> cfu g<sup>-1</sup> soil). Among the function specific microbial communities, the highest population of  P-solubilisers (98x10<sup>3</sup> cfu g<sup>-1</sup> soil) was recorded in the biogas slurry treatment, and it was the lowest in control and vermiwash application treatments. The average coconut yield realized during experimental period(2004-05 to 2009-10) was 136 nuts per palm, recording 53 per cent increase in yield compared to pre-experimental yield (89 nuts per palm). </p>

scholarly journals Influence of pesticide-treated seeds on survival of Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer, symbiotic efficiency and yield in chickpea

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunal ◽  
P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Symbiotic Efficiency ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Uninoculated Control

Chemical seed protectants are used to reduce the adverse effects of seedling fungal pathogens or insect attack on legume pastures and crops. Chickpea seeds are also frequently treated with Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer inoculant to promote effective symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF), which seems to be a cost effective measure. The population of viable Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer on seeds of chickpea declined with time of storage (4&deg;C) in pesticide treated and untreated chickpea seeds in vitro. A significant reduction in chickpea rhizobia was observed in seed treatment with Captan followed by Endosulfan and Chlorpyrifos. In a field experiment during the winter season 2006&ndash;2008, no difference in the emergence count of chickpea plants was observed. Treatments inoculated with Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer alone or along with Captan, Chlorpyrifos or Endosulfan showed improved plant growth and symbiotic parameters (plant height, nodulation, leghaemoglobin content, and nitrogen content) in comparison with the uninoculated control treatment. Significantly higher grain yield (9.6%) was observed in the treatment inoculated with Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer alone as compared to the uninoculated control. A non-significant difference in grain yield among treatments where Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer along with a mixture of fungicide and insecticides was applied was observed in contrast to the Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer treatment. In conclusion, the recommended rates of fungicide and insecticides as seed treatment were not detrimental to chickpea-Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer symbiosis, hence they can be safely used to obtain higher productivity. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Phenological, Physiological and yield markers as efficient tools to identify drought tolerant rice genotypes in Eastern India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Goutam Kumar Dash ◽  
Arti Guhey ◽  
Mirza Jaynul Baig ◽  
Madhusmita Barik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Highly Correlated

ABSTRACTRice production is severely threatened by drought stress in Eastern India. To develop drought tolerant varieties, selection of donors for breeding programme is crucial. Twenty one selected rice genotypes including both tolerant and sensitive to drought were grown under well-watered and drought stress conditions in dry seasons of two successive years of 2017 and 2018. Leaf water potential, relative water content displayed significant difference among the genotypes during vegetative screening. At reproductive stage drought screening, days to 50% flowering was delayed in all genotypes except N22 and Anjali (showed early flowering) however grain yield and other yield related traits decreased significantly compared to well watered condition. Correlation analysis of phenological and yield related traits with grain yield revealed that tiller numbers and panicle numbers are highly correlated with grain yield both under well-watered and water stress conditions and contributes maximum towards grain yield. The dendrogram grouped Mahamaya, Sahabhagidhan, Poornima, IBD 1, Hazaridhan, Samleshwari and Danteshwari into one cluster which performed better under water stress conditions and had grain yield more than 1.69 tha−1. Sahabhagidhan, Poornima, Vandana, and N22 displayed tolerance to drought both under vegetative and reproductive conditions which could be a good selection for the breeders to develop drought tolerant rice cultivars for eastern region of India.

scholarly journals Management of Pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa on Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sreekanth ◽  
M. Seshamahalakshmi ◽  
M. V. Ramana
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio

Background: Pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa is one of the most obnoxious pest causing grain damage ranging from 10-80% with a monitory loss of US$ 256 million annually. Being an internal feeder, infested pods do not show any external symptoms of damage until the fully grown maggots chew the pod wall, leaving a thin papery membrane intact called as window, through which adults exit from the pod. Several field studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of insecticides for the control of pod fly. However, these findings did not find acceptability and led to partial success. Insecticides that should leave lesser residues and pose lesser environmental threat have become imperative. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of certain new insecticide molecules against pod fly in pigeonpea ecosystem. Methods: Two field experiments were conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur during Kharif, 2012 and 2013 in a randomized block design (RBD) using pigeonpea cv. ICPL 85063 (Lakshmi) with 17 treatments including untreated control and 3 replications. Two sprays were given at 10 days interval starting from pod initiation stage. At maturity, number of pods showing pod fly damage were recorded and expressed as percentage. Grain yield was recorded and cost–benefit ratio was worked out. Result: Among different insecticides, thiacloprid 21.7 SC, followed by diafenthiuron 50 WP, flubendiamide 480 SC and dimethoate 30 EC were very effective against pod fly with more grain yield and registered highest incremental cost benefit ratio (ICBR). It was further suggested that effective insecticides may be alternated in order to avoid development of resistance to pod fly in pigeonpea.

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