Mild hyperoxia induces moderate pathological alteration in airway epithelium (ultrastructural study)

The ultrastructure of the tracheal epithelium in rabbits exposed for 96 hours to 35–37% O2 was studied in our experiments. Due to the influence of mild normobaric hyperoxia, massive differentiation of new secretory elements was initiated and resulted in apparent changes in goblet cells distribution. 60 ± 4% of goblet cells took part in the formation of voluminous intraepithelial mucous glands. Ciliated cells were less damaged than the goblet ones. Tiny signs of pathological alteration of deeper portions of their cytoplasm and apical blebbing accompanied with destruction of some kinocilia were encountered. The ciliary border was slightly impaired. Mild, but significant decrease in the mean number of kinocilia/μm2 went along with significant increase in percentage of altered cilia. Among the altered kinocilia, the slightly altered pathological cilia with local swellings of the ciliary membranes or with tiny vacuoles situated in their shafts were the most numerous. Hyperoxia did not influence the process of ciliogenesis in the ciliated cells. As morphological signs of impairment of the vital self-cleaning ability of the airway epithelium, layers of inspissated mucus were encountered in the area of the ciliary border. From morphological point of view, mild hyperoxia caused moderate damage to the airway epithelium.

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Exposure to hypoxia injures tracheal epithelium (ultrastructural study)

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/5834-vetmed ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 270-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Konrádová ◽

J. Uhlík ◽

L. Vajner ◽

J. Herget ◽

J. Adášková

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Ultrastructural Study ◽

Goblet Cells ◽

Normobaric Hypoxia ◽

Tracheal Epithelium ◽

Second Phase ◽

Ciliated Cells ◽

Pathological Alteration ◽

Increased Temperature ◽

Common Response

The ultrastructure of the tracheal epithelium in rabbits exposed for 96 hours to normobaric hypoxia was studied. In rabbits placed for 96 hours in environment with increased temperature and humidity, the first phase of common response of goblet cells to injury, represented mostly by degeneration of the exhausted cells, was revealed. The decrease in O<sub>2</sub>concentration highly accelerated the reaction of the goblet cells. Due to the influence of high temperature, humidity and normobaric hypoxia, the second phase of the goblet cells’ reaction, massive differentiation of new secretory elements accompanied with intraepithelial mucous glands’ development, was recorded. In the ciliated cells, only mild signs of pathological alteration of deeper portions of their cytoplasm were noticed. In the area of the ciliary border, significant decrease in the number of kinocilia/μm2, increase in percentage of altered cilia and morphological signs of impairment of the vital self-cleaning ability were recorded.

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Localization of Peroxidase Activity in Tracheal Epithelium

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348948008900311 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 241-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kensuke Watanabe

Keyword(s):

Peroxidase Activity ◽

Secretory Granules ◽

Goblet Cells ◽

Tracheal Ring ◽

Tracheal Epithelium ◽

Basal Cells ◽

Ciliated Cells ◽

Cytochemical Demonstration ◽

Apical Vesicles ◽

Intermediate Cells

The activity of endogenous peroxidase was demonstrated in light ciliated cells, mature goblet cells, and nonciliated serous cells, but not in basal cells, intermediate cells, dark ciliated cells or immature goblet cells of the upper tracheal epithelium of rats, using the diaminobenzidine method for cytochemical demonstration of peroxidase activity. The peroxidase activity was the most intense in the epithelium of the first tracheal ring and gradually diminished at lower tracheal levels, becoming extremely faint in the vicinity of the middle of the trachea. The activity was localized in cisternae of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (r-ER) including the nuclear envelope, some vesicles and saccules of the Golgi complex, secretory granules, and small apical vesicles. It is believed that the basal cells were transformed into the intermediate cells, and some of the intermediate cells were turned into the ciliated cells, while other intermediate cells were differentiated into the goblet cells. The dark ciliated cells proved to be the immature ciliated cells immediately after the transformation from the intermediate cells. In these cells, peroxidase is not yet produced.

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Effects of bradykinin on intracellular calcium regulation in human ciliated airway epithelium

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.1991.261.2.l63 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 261 (2) ◽

pp. L63-L69 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. M. Paradiso ◽

E. H. Cheng ◽

R. C. Boucher

Keyword(s):

Airway Epithelium ◽

Ciliated Cells ◽

Dibutyryl Camp ◽

Airway Epithelia ◽

The Mean ◽

Beta 2 ◽

Camp Levels ◽

Intracellular Calcium Regulation ◽

Ca2 Channels ◽

Plateau Level

The Ca(2+)-mobilizing action of bradykinin (BK) was investigated in ciliated human nasal epithelial (HNE) cells utilizing fura-2 fluorescence and microspectrofluorimetry. In ciliated cells, basal intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was 123 +/- 3 nM (n = 142). BK caused [Ca2+]i to increase (spike) rapidly (within 6 s) to greater than 550 nM by releasing Ca2+ from intracellular pools. The mean effective dose for the process was 1.5 x 10(-7) M BK. The spike was due to the activation of a beta 2-receptor. The spike was unaffected by inhibitors of either cyclooxygenase or voltagegated Ca2+ channels. After the spike, [Ca2+]i decreased to a plateau level (120-250 nM). This plateau persisted (up to 10 min) until the addition of La3+ (0.3 x 10(-3) M) or until the removal of either extracellular Ca2+ or the agonist. No changes in adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels were detected after BK exposure. Additional studies revealed that indomethacin (10(-6) M), isoproterenol (10(-5) M), forskolin (10(-5) M), and dibutyryl cAMP (1 mM) had no effect on [Ca2+]i in ciliated HNE cells. In summary, these data suggest that 1) BK mediates both Ca2+ release from internal pools and Ca2+ entry into the cytoplasm from the extracellular space, and 2) unlike the response to cultured dog airway epithelia, the release of [Ca2+]i in response to BK does not appear to be mediated by either cyclooxygenase pathway or adenylate cyclase-cAMP systems.

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New Ultrastructural Observations on Injury and Regeneration of Cilia in Mammalian Conducting Airway Epithelium

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100099544 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 624-625

Author(s):

J.L. Carson ◽

A.M. Collier

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Airway Epithelium ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Fetal Lung ◽

Secretory Cells ◽

Airway Epithelial ◽

Ciliated Cells ◽

Conducting Airway ◽

Conducting Airways

The ciliated cells lining the conducting airways of mammals are integral to the defense mechanisms of the respiratory tract, functioning in coordination with secretory cells in the removal of inhaled and cellular debris. The effects of various infectious and toxic agents on the structure and function of airway epithelial cell cilia have been studied in our laboratory, both of which have been shown to affect ciliary ultrastructure.These observations have led to questions about ciliary regeneration as well as the possible induction of ciliogenesis in response to cellular injury. Classical models of ciliogenesis in the conducting airway epithelium of the mammalian respiratory tract have been based primarily on observations of the developing fetal lung. These observations provide a plausible explanation for the embryological generation of ciliary beds lining the conducting airways but do little to account for subsequent differentiation of ciliated cells and ciliogenesis during normal growth and development.

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An Ultrastructural Study of the Proliferation Patterns of the Reserve Cells of the Human Cervix Uteri

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100093651 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 80-81

Author(s):

Takanori Sohda ◽

Hiroshi Saito ◽

Goro Asano ◽

Katsunari Fukushi ◽

Katsuya Suzuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ultrastructural Study ◽

Age Groups ◽

Point Of View ◽

University Hospital ◽

Cervix Uteri ◽

Morphological Aspect ◽

Functional Aspect ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Human Cervix ◽

Morphological Patterns

Recently, the functional aspect as well as morphological aspect of the reserve cells in the cervix uteri drew much attention in view of the carcinogenesis in squamocolumunar junction. In this communication, the authors elucidate the ultrastructural features of the reserve cells in patients of various age groups visiting our university hospital and affiliated hospital.From conventional light microscopic point of view, the reserve cells tend to be pronounced in various pathological conditions, such as the persisting inflammation, proliferative disorders and irritation of hormones. The morphological patterns of the reserve cells from various stage and degree of irritation were observed.

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Der Sommer und Herbst 2003 aus phänologischer Sicht | Summer and autumn 2003 from a phenological point of view

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2004.0142 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 155 (5) ◽

pp. 142-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Claudio Defila

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

New Record ◽

Point Of View ◽

Late Spring ◽

Mean Deviation ◽

Leaf Shedding ◽

The Mean ◽

Very High ◽

Selection Of

The record-breaking heatwave of 2003 also had an impact on the vegetation in Switzerland. To examine its influences seven phenological late spring and summer phases were evaluated together with six phases in the autumn from a selection of stations. 30% of the 122 chosen phenological time series in late spring and summer phases set a new record (earliest arrival). The proportion of very early arrivals is very high and the mean deviation from the norm is between 10 and 20 days. The situation was less extreme in autumn, where 20% of the 103 time series chosen set a new record. The majority of the phenological arrivals were found in the class «normal» but the class«very early» is still well represented. The mean precocity lies between five and twenty days. As far as the leaf shedding of the beech is concerned, there was even a slight delay of around six days. The evaluation serves to show that the heatwave of 2003 strongly influenced the phenological events of summer and spring.

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Altered Receptor Specificity and Cell Tropism of D222G Hemagglutinin Mutants Isolated from Fatal Cases of Pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 Influenza Virus

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.01639-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 84 (22) ◽

pp. 12069-12074 ◽

Cited By ~ 148

Author(s):

Yan Liu ◽

Robert A. Childs ◽

Tatyana Matrosovich ◽

Stephen Wharton ◽

Angelina S. Palma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Airway Epithelium ◽

Influenza A ◽

Cell Tropism ◽

Ciliated Cells ◽

Fatal Disease ◽

Receptor Binding Site ◽

Bronchial Epithelial ◽

Human Airway Epithelium ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

Microarray Analyses

ABSTRACT Mutations in the receptor-binding site of the hemagglutinin of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 viruses have been detected sporadically. An Asp222Gly (D222G) substitution has been associated with severe or fatal disease. Here we show that 222G variants infected a higher proportion of ciliated cells in cultures of human airway epithelium than did viruses with 222D or 222E, which targeted mainly nonciliated cells. Carbohydrate microarray analyses showed that 222G variants bind a broader range of α2-3-linked sialyl receptor sequences of a type expressed on ciliated bronchial epithelial cells and on epithelia within the lung. These features of 222G mutants may contribute to exacerbation of disease.

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Nanovaccine: A hope to triumph the battle against novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Recent Patents on Nanotechnology ◽

10.2174/1872210515666210720130736 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Anurag Singh ◽

Anand Maurya ◽

Gaurav Mishra ◽

Rajendra Awasthi ◽

Kamal Dua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subunit Vaccine ◽

Goblet Cells ◽

Spike Protein ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

The Novel ◽

Infection Site ◽

Peptide Vaccines ◽

Ciliated Cells ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Major Target

Background: The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection has caused the global emergence of coronavirus in humans during the last 12 months. Till May 11, 2021, the confirmed global COVID-19 cases and deaths reached 158551526 and 3296855, respectively. Methods: Goblet cells and ciliated cells in the nose act as the initial infection site of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, mucus immunity is important to protect from infection. The outburst of SARS-CoV-2 infection can be halted only when an effective vaccine will be developed. Results: Globally, over 100 different vaccines are under investigation, including DNA vaccines, RNA vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines, adenovirus-based vaccines, recombinant/ subunit protein vaccines, peptide vaccines, and virus-like particles etc. Inactivated virus vaccines and mRNA, and adenovirus-based vaccines have moved fast into clinical trials. Conclusion: : Vaccines containing spike protein of SARS-CoV as subunit could effectively prevent binding of coronavirus to the host cell and membrane fusion. Thus, spike protein can be used as a major target for subunit vaccine preparation.

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BAYESIAN INFERENCE FOR THE TANGENT PORTFOLIO

International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance ◽

10.1142/s0219024918500541 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (08) ◽

pp. 1850054 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

DAVID BAUDER ◽

TARAS BODNAR ◽

STEPAN MAZUR ◽

YAREMA OKHRIN

Keyword(s):

Bayesian Inference ◽

Point Of View ◽

Posterior Distributions ◽

Conditional Distributions ◽

Linear Combinations ◽

Conjugate Priors ◽

Mean And Variance ◽

The Mean ◽

Stochastic Representations ◽

Mean Vector

In this paper, we consider the estimation of the weights of tangent portfolios from the Bayesian point of view assuming normal conditional distributions of the logarithmic returns. For diffuse and conjugate priors for the mean vector and the covariance matrix, we derive stochastic representations for the posterior distributions of the weights of tangent portfolio and their linear combinations. Separately, we provide the mean and variance of the posterior distributions, which are of key importance for portfolio selection. The analytic results are evaluated within a simulation study, where the precision of coverage intervals is assessed.

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