scholarly journals Verification of suitability of selected detection systems for estimating antibiotic residues in goat’s milk

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hozová ◽  
Ľ. Minarovičová
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limits ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Rapid Methods ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
S 100

The objective of the paper was to verify the convenience of the application of three standardized detection systems: disk diffusion method, Delvotest SP and Penzym S 100 to control the antibiotic residues in goat’s milk (β-lactam antibiotics and cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides and others). It has been found that despite of certain specificity of goat’s milk versus cow’s milk the values of the majority of detection limits mutually correspond approximately to 90 %. The sensitivity of tests manifested itself in the following order: Penzym S 100 > Delvotest SP > disk diffusion method (the sensitivity was even several times lower). Inasmuch as the treatment of mastitis is carried out by using β-lactam antibiotics and cephalosporins, the above-indicated rapid methods (especially Penzym S 100 and Delvotest SP) can be recommended for the routine purposes of accomplishing a rapid hygienic control of goat’s milk.

scholarly journals Assay of antibiotic detection limits in cow’s milk model samples and comparison of sensitivity of various detection systems (disk diffusion method, Delvotest SP and Penzym S 100).

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hozová ◽  
M. Kratmüllerová
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
S 100

The work was aimed at estimating the detection limits of 21 antibiotics (beta-lactam antibiotics, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, macrolides and others) by means of three types of detection systems (disk diffusion method with Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis C 953, Delvotest SP and Penzym S 100) and to verify their sensitivity in the evaluation of the admissible maximum residual limits (MRL). The high sensitivity and the good correlation of results have been achieved mainly by applying the rapid methods such as Delvotest SP and Penzym S 100 versus the less sensitive disk diffusion method.  In the next stage of the work, detection limits of the mutual combinations of antibiotics in milk were estimated. In the model experiment, the synergic effect between ampicillin and oxacillin, cefuroxime and trimethoprim and between cephalosporins (combination of cefazolin with cefoperhazon) was observed.

scholarly journals First Global Report of Plasmid-Mediated mcr-1 and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli from Sheep in Portugal

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1403
Author(s):  
Josman Dantas Palmeira ◽  
Marisa Haenni ◽  
Jean-Yves Madec ◽  
Helena Maria Neto Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Resistances to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and colistin are One Health issues since genes encoding these resistances can be transmitted between all sectors of the One Health concept, i.e., human, animal, and the environment. Among food-producing animals, sheep farming has long been overlooked. To fill in this knowledge gap, we looked for ESC- and colistin resistance in 21 faecal samples collected from sheep in one farm in the south of Portugal. ESC-resistant isolates were selected on MacConkey agar plates supplemented with cefotaxime. Susceptibility testing was performed by the disk-diffusion method according to CLSI, while colistin MIC was determined by broth microdilution. ESC- and colistin-resistance genes were identified by PCR, and the clonality of all isolates was assessed by XbaI-PFGE. The replicon content was determined by PCR according to the PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) scheme. Sixty-two non-duplicate ESC-resistant E. coli isolates were identified, which all presented an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype, mostly due to the presence of CTX-M genes. One CTX-M-1-producing E. coli was concomitantly colistin-resistant and presented the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene. Nearly all isolates showed associated resistances to non-beta-lactam antibiotics, which could act as co-selectors, even in the absence of beta-lactam use. The results showed a high proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli in sheep faeces. Their dissemination was very dynamic, with the spread of successful clones between animals, but also a large diversity of clones and plasmids, sometimes residing in the same animal. This study highlights the need for global surveillance in all food-producing sectors, in order to avoid the dissemination of genes conferring resistance to last-resort antibiotics in human medicine.

scholarly journals Frequency and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from oral and topical medicaments from Hilla, Iraq

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (06) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Hani Al-Charrakh
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics

Introduction: The presence of microorganisms in pharmaceuticals is undesirable because they may cause spoilage of the product and may present an infection hazard to the consumers or patients.  Methodology: A total of 102 samples of oral and topical non-sterile pharmaceutical products were collected at random from different drug houses and pharmacies in Iraq, to investigate the microbial contamination of these products. Bacterial isolates recovered from these medicaments were subjected to susceptibility testing against various antibiotics by disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards (CLSI) guidelines. Results: The results revealed that the occurrence of Gram-positive bacteria was in oral and topical medicaments while Gram-negative bacteria were only detected in topical medicaments. More than 58% of Bacillus isolates were resistant to lincomycin and Bacillus mycoides isolates were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Staphylococcus spp. showed a relatively high resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. S. epidermidis had the highest number of multi-resistant isolates. Furthermore, 87.5% of isolated Gram-negative rods showed high resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and 75% of them were highly resistant to erythromycin. One isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most resistant among all Gram-negative rod isolates. Conclusion: The high rate of resistance to antimicrobial agents of bacterial isolates recovered from oral and topical medicaments in this study may indicate a widespread antibiotic resistance among bacteria isolated from different sources, including those of anthropological and environmental origin. 

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of the Gradient Diffusion Strip Method and Disk Diffusion Method for Ceftazidime–Avibactam Against Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Dual-Center Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjia Zhang ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Ge Zhang ◽  
Wei Kang ◽  
Simeng Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Major Error ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Strip Method ◽  
Gradient Diffusion

Objectives: Ceftazidime–avibactam is a novel synthetic beta-lactam + beta-lactamase inhibitor combination. We evaluated the performance of the gradient diffusion strip method and the disk diffusion method for the determination of ceftazidime–avibactam against Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 302 clinical Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from two centers were conducted by broth microdilution (BMD), gradient diffusion strip method, and disk diffusion method for ceftazidime–avibactam. Using BMD as a gold standard, essential agreement (EA), categorical agreement (CA), major error (ME), and very major error (VME) were determined according to CLSI guidelines. CA and EA rate > 90%, ME rate < 3%, and VME rate < 1.5% were considered as acceptable criteria. Polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing were performed to determine the carbapenem resistance genes of all 302 isolates.Results: A total of 302 strains were enrolled, among which 182 strains were from center 1 and 120 strains were from center 2. A percentage of 18.21% (55/302) of the enrolled isolates were resistant to ceftazidime–avibactam. The CA rates of the gradient diffusion strip method for Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa were 100% and 98.65% (73/74), respectively, and the EA rates were 97.37% (222/228) and 98.65% (73/74), respectively. The CA rates of the disk diffusion method for Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa were 100% and 95.95% (71/74), respectively. No VMEs were found by using the gradient diffusion strip method, while the ME rate was 0.40% (1/247). No MEs were found by using the disk diffusion method, but the VME rate was 5.45% (3/55). Therefore, all the parameters of the gradient diffusion strip method were in line with acceptable criteria. For 31 blaKPC, 33 blaNDM, 7 blaIMP, and 2 blaVIM positive isolates, both CA and EA rates were 100%; no MEs or VMEs were detected by either method. For 15 carbapenemase-non-producing resistant isolates, the CA and EA rates of the gradient diffusion strips method were 100%. Whereas the CA rate of the disk diffusion method was 80.00% (12/15), the VME rate was 20.00% (3/15).Conclusion: The gradient diffusion strip method can meet the needs of clinical microbiological laboratories for testing the susceptibility of ceftazidime–avibactam drugs. However, the VME rate > 1.5% (5.45%) by the disk diffusion method. By comparison, the performance of the gradient diffusion strip method was better than that of the disk diffusion method.

scholarly journals Postoperative bacteremia in patients of cardiac surgical profile

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
L. I Arefieva ◽  
E. M Gorskaya ◽  
O. A Savostianova ◽  
T. S Spirina ◽  
L. Yu Romashkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Fermenting Bacteria

Objective To determine the frequency of bacteremia and pathogens, mortality rate in patients after cardiac surgery. Materials and methods There was performed a retrospective analysis of bacteremia for 13 years from 2000 to 2012 after 8292 cardiac surgeries. Identification of the causative agents of bacteremia was carried out with the use of panels BD Crystal and database BBL Crystal MIND, the detection of susceptibility of microbes to antibiotics by disk diffusion method in accordance with the standards NCCLS. Results The frequency of bacteremia decreased over the study period, from 6.8% in 2000 -2004 to 3.6% in 2010 - 2012. Bacteremia accounted for the bulk of postoperative infectious complications (PIC) - 77.8% - 80.4%. There is given the characteristic of the frequency of isolation in bacteremia with Gr+ and Gr- microbes, as well as the severity of PICs. In the spectrum of blood in bacteremias coagulase negative staphylococcocci prevailed at the background of the general dominance of Gr+ microflora. There was noted the resistance of gram-positive microflora to beta-lactam antibiotics and multiple resistance to antibiotics of non-fermenting bacteria except Polymyxine, Tigacil, and Cefepime, sulperazon

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and resistance profile of nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii in intensive care unit of tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazma Khatun ◽  
Refath Farzana ◽  
Bruno S. Lopes ◽  
S.M. Shamsuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics

This study was designed to investigate the resistance profile along with the genetic background of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics among the nosocomial A. baumannii in Bangladesh. A. baumannii was confirmed by detecting blaOXA-51-like. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method. Agar dilution method was used to determine MIC of ceftazidime and imipenem. All A. baumannii were phenotypically screened for ampC, ESBL and MBL production. Genetic markers of antibiotic resistance such as blaampC, blaOXA-51, 23, 40, 58 and 143, blaKPC, blaIMP, blaVIM and blaNDM-1, genetic environment around blaADC and ISAba1 upstream of blaOXAs were evaluated by PCR. Twenty-four (96%) A. baumannii were considered as MDR. 96% A. baumannii were resistant to amoxiclav, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and cefoxitin, 92% to cefotaxime and piperacillin-tazobactam, 88% to cefepime, amikacin and imipenem, 52% to sulbactam-cefoperazone and 40% were resistant to aztreonam. All were sensitive to colistin. The distribution of several beta-lactamase genes such as blaOXA-51 (100%), blaADC-like (92%), blaNDM-1 (92%), EBC group (84%), blaOXA-23 (76%), blaVIM (72%), blaKPC (44%), DHA group (24%), blaOXA-58 (16%), ACC group (8%) and CIT group (4%) were observed among the 25 A. baumannii. This is the first reported plasmid mediated ampC beta-lactamases in A. baumannii. blaOXA-51 was positive in 100%, blaNDM-1 in 95.45%, blaOXA-23 in 77.27%, blaVIM in 72.73%, blaKPC in 50% and blaOXA-58 in 18.18% of imipenem resistant isolates. MDR profile of nosocomial A. baumannii would highlight the importance of standard guideline of antimicrobials use and infection control policy in the hospitals of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Phenotypic detection of beta-lactamases production in enterobacteriaceae

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Cirkovic ◽  
Ljiljana Pavlovic ◽  
Neda Konstantinovic ◽  
Katarina Kostic ◽  
Snezana Jovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Different Types

Introduction. Beta-lactam antibiotics are the most commonly used antibacterial drugs. However, many bacteria have developed resistance to these antibiotics, and the most common form of resistance is the production of beta-lactamase enzymes. Many members of the Enterobacteriaceae family produce different types of these enzymes. Objective. The aim of this study was to perform phenotypic detection of production and identification of beta-lactamase type in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from different clinical specimens from patients hospitalized in the Clinical Center of Serbia. Methods. The strains of Enterobacteriaceae were collected between November 2011 and January 2012 in the laboratory of the Clinical Center of Serbia. The isolates were identified according to the standard microbiology procedures and confirmed by the Vitek2 automated system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method, and the phenotypic detection of production and identification of betalactamases was performed according to previously described methodologies. Results. In this study, a total of 172 Enterobacteriaceae strains were isolated. Further testing was performed on 54/145 (37.2%) strains showing decreased susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics: 13/85 (15.3%) Escherichia coli, 31/46 (67.4%) Klebsiella pneumoniae and 10/14 (71.4%) Proteus mirabilis. Among them, 40/145 (27.6%) strains produced extended spectrum betalactamases (ESBLs), 9/145 (6.2%) - AmpC, 1/145 (0.7%) - K1 beta-lactamase and 4/145 (2.8%) - carbapenemases. Carbapenemases were predominantly detected in K. pneumoniae (75%). Conclusion. Enterobacteriaceae produce different types of betalactamases, and the most common type in our study was ESBLs. Production of carbapenemases detected in Enterobacteriaceae is also an associated problem.

scholarly journals Interactions of Antimicrobials in Milk and Their Detection by the Disk Diffusion Method and Delvotest SP

2003 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iveta Kukurová ◽  
Bernadetta Hozová
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Model Experiment ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Veterinary Practice ◽  
Cephalosporin Antibiotics

Abstract The combination of more than 2 different microbials might show interactions with various effects (synergistic, additive, antagonistic, or indifferent) on target microorgnisms. An objective of this paper was to evaluate the possible interactions of several antimicrobials—those used most frequently in the treatment of mastitis in clinical veterinary practice (β-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, peptides, other antibiotics, and sulfonamides)—and their consequences on detection limits. In the model experiment with milk artificially altered by means of Delvotest SP and the disk diffusion method with Ba-cillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis C 953, we observed the synergistic effect between all the antimicrobials tested. The results show that Delvotest SP is more sensitive (approximately 7.5- to 40-fold) than the disk diffusion method in estimating the detection limits of cephalosporin antibiotics.

scholarly journals Predominance of PVL-negative community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sequence type 8 in newly diagnosed HIV-infected adults, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Manyahi ◽  
Sabrina J. Moyo ◽  
Said Aboud ◽  
Nina Langeland ◽  
Bjørn Blomberg
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance

AbstractDifficult-to-treat infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are of concern in people living with HIV infection as they are more vulnerable to infection. We aimed to identify molecular characteristics of MRSA colonizing newly diagnosed HIV-infected adults in Tanzania. Individuals newly diagnosed with HIV infection were recruited in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, from April 2017 to May 2018, as part of the randomized clinical trial CoTrimResist (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03087890). Nasal/nasopharyngeal isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were susceptibility tested by disk diffusion method, and cefoxitin-resistant isolates were characterized by short-reads whole genome sequencing. Four percent (22/537) of patients carried MRSA in the nose/nasopharynx. MRSA isolates were frequently resistant towards gentamicin (95%), ciprofloxacin (91%), and erythromycin (82%) but less often towards trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (9%). Seventy-three percent had inducible clindamycin resistance. Erythromycin-resistant isolates harbored ermC (15/18) and LmrS (3/18) resistance genes. Ciprofloxacin resistance was mediated by mutations of the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) sequence in the gyrA (S84L) and parC (S80Y) genes. All isolates belonged to the CC8 and ST8-SCCmecIV MRSA clone. Ninety-five percent of the MRSA isolates were spa-type t1476, and one exhibited spa-type t064. All isolates were negative for Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) and arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) type 1. All ST8-SCCmecIV-spa-t1476 MRSA clones from Tanzania were unrelated to the globally successful USA300 clone. Carriage of ST8 MRSA (non-USA300) was common among newly diagnosed HIV-infected adults in Tanzania. Frequent co-resistance to non-beta lactam antibiotics limits therapeutic options when infection occurs.

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