scholarly journals Conservation of forest through provision of alternative sources of income; evidence from rural households in Northern Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 36-50
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tufail ◽  
Ather Ahmed ◽  
Shahzad Alvi
Keyword(s):  
Time Allocation ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Agricultural Efficiency ◽  
Dynamic Analyses ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Input Prices ◽  
Labour Time

The collection of forest products by indigenous communities is the main cause of deforestation and a major<br />obstacle to efficient forest management. This study develops a time allocation model for a representative household<br />living in the peripheries of the forest. It is assumed that the household allocates their labour time between three activities:<br />agriculture, forest product extraction, and off-farm activities. Households maximize their net income subject to the<br />available forest resources. Using the Optimal Control Theory and applying the unique and global maxima, the results<br />of the comparative static and dynamic analyses suggest that higher agricultural efficiency, agricultural output prices,<br />and higher off-farm wages maximize the forest stock. Besides that, knowledge of forest extraction and farming may also<br />yield the higher equilibrium of forest stock while higher forest and input prices encourage forest resource extraction.<br />The result from the tobit analyses of a socio-economic survey from the Malakand Division forest in Pakistan provides<br />supportive empirical evidence.

scholarly journals Collection and marketing of non-timber forest products by Chepang community in Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 10-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luni Piya ◽  
KL Maharjan ◽  
NP Joshi ◽  
DR Dangol
Keyword(s):  
Forest Products ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Institutional Management ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Agriculture And Environment ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Current Price

Chepangs are highly marginalized indigenous nationalities of Nepal, who live nearby the forests that are rich in Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) of commercial importance. These NTFPs can be a potential source of income for Chepangs. This study describes the role of Chepangs in the marketing channel of those NTFPs and analyses the household socio-economic characteristics that influence the collection and marketing of NTFPs by Chepangs in Shaktikhor VDC of Chitwan district using backward multiple regression method. Empirical evidences show that collection and marketing of NTFPs is not an attractive source of income especially for those relatively better-off Chepang households who possess higher landholdings, food self-sufficiency, and income from other alternative sources. This is because the current price offered for the NTFPs collected by the community is very nominal, that do not even cover the labour costs involved. Praja Cooperative Limited (PCL), a Chepang community based institution in Shaktikhor, is struggling to provide better prices for Chepangs. However, it is facing challenges due to limited institutional management capacity of Chepangs. Further empowerment of PCL can contribute to improve the bargaining power of Chepang community in NTFP trade. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 10-21 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7558 

Development of Time Allocation Model with Endogenous Threshold of Activity Participation in a Depopulated Region

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (0) ◽  
pp. 140-140
Author(s):  
Makoto Chikaraishi ◽  
Akimasa Fujiwara ◽  
Junyi Zhang ◽  
Makoto Tsukai
Keyword(s):  
Time Allocation ◽  
Activity Participation ◽  
Allocation Model

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN JENIS ROTAN OLEH MASYARAKAT DUSUN MUNGGUK MERANANG KECAMATAN SUNGAI LAUR KABUPATEN KETEPANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarikun Sarikun ◽  
Iskandar A M ◽  
Gusti Hardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Forest Products ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The People

Forest is a source of germplasm that has the potential to meet a variety of human needs such as: food, shelter, medicines and handicrafts. This species of rattan plant is one of the non wood  forest products utilized by the people of Mungguk Meranang village and the species of rattan that are widely used as matting, rigging, and as vegetables. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of rattan, the species of activity made from rattan and the income of the rattan craftsmen comercial in Mungguk Meranang villaget, Sungai Laur District, Ketapang Regency. The results of the study carried out there are 10 types of rattan plants that are utilized, 12 types of woven made from rattan and net income of the community of Rp. 1,322,866 / year with a maximum net income of Rp. 2,268,000 / year and minimum net income of Rp. 276,000 / year.Keywords: Korthalsia, Calamus and Daemonorops

Analysis of Travel Time Saving Benefit by Understanding Individual Needs and Value of Activity Time: Case Study of Tokyo and Jakarta

2003 ◽  
Vol 1854 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irwan Prasetyo ◽  
Daisuke Fukuda ◽  
Hirosato Yoshino ◽  
Tetsuo Yai
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Preference Data

Quantification of the value of time (VOT) is important for measurement of the benefit of transportation projects in terms of travel time savings. In Japan, VOT is considered higher on weekends than on weekdays because on the weekend people have limited time to allocate to discretionary activities that are not normally done on weekdays, such as family care-related activities. In Indonesia, a culturally diverse country, providers and users seem to have different perceptions of VOT. A method of analyzing the value of activity time is presented. It argues that the benefit of travel time saving should be evaluated in more detail on weekends by considering the value of discretionary activities to explain these phenomena theoretically. Activity diary surveys were conducted in Tokyo, Japan, and Jakarta, Indonesia, to verify the influence of psychological needs on people's holiday activities. Finally, a time allocation model that uses the revealed preference data and a marginal activity choice model that uses stated preference data are proposed to calculate the value of activity time. The theories underpinning these models are Maslow's psychological needs, consumer theory in economics, and a discrete choice model. The empirical results show that an individual's priority of needs influences time allocation. In particular, the results show that in Tokyo, spending time with family on weekends is more valuable than other types of activities, while in Indonesia the value of spending time with family exceeds that of work time even on weekdays.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF NETWORK STRUCTURE WITH A NON-UTILITY BASED TIME ALLOCATION MODEL

2008 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-217
Author(s):  
Takamasa IRYO ◽  
Dai NAGAO ◽  
Yasuo ASAKURA
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Allocation Model

scholarly journals Integral economics and the exploration of indigenous knowledge

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-105
Author(s):  
Somnath Ghosal
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Fringe Communities ◽  
Economically Deprived ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Ecological Concern ◽  
Value Added Products ◽  
Forest Fringe

The ever-increasing pressures on tropical forests due to the increasing population of socio-economically deprived communities dwelling in forest fringe areas are not only a matter of ecological concern, but also affect the sustainable livelihoods of these communities. Alternative sources of income are urgently needed for these communities. Forest is the principal natural resource for the Purulia, Bankura and West Midnapur districts of West Bengal, India. More sustainable harvesting of forest products, particularly Non-Timber Forest Products(NTFPs) and the production of value added products would therefore be the best possible way to improve the existing economic conditions of deprived forest fringe communities and save native forest biodiversity for the future.

scholarly journals Gender Features of Time Allocation, Gender Stereotypes and Labour Supply

Equilibrium ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-102
Author(s):  
Tamila Arnania-Kepuladze
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Different Types

Securing the well-being, protection of human rights and equality on the ground of age, gender, race, nationality etc along with sustainable economic development becomes the most important goal for any country. Gender differences in labor market are a problem of many countries. Being a larger demographic group, women have played a vital role in employment and economic development. Despite longstanding striving for gender equality, the inequality manifests itself in labor markets around the world. There is no common opinion on the reasons of the existence of gender differences in economic literature. After decades of research most investigators would agree that there can be no single-factor explanation for gender inequality in the labor market. One of the conventional explanations of gender gap in employment sphere includes the differences in men’s and women’s preferences in working hours due their stereotypical roles in the private and public life. This paper is focused on the study of gender feature of time allocation and its impact on the labor supply by men and women. For this purpose, based on the different types of activity, particular: income getting or in­co­me increasing promote activity, non-monetary inco­me obtain activity, income-make activity, non-income-make activity, indirect-receipts activity, the author introduces the time allocation model which includes parameters such as working time, leisure, non-working time, using time, free time and time for satisfying an individual’s physiological needs. For the attribution of different types of practice to certain kinds of activity the “principle of dominant purpose of activity” was offered. According to given time allocation model, the  pattern of features of labor supply by men and women is offered in the paper.

scholarly journals The Socio-economic and Environmental Implications of Supplying Charcoal in Yaounde City

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-34
Author(s):  
L. Defo ◽  
M. Touakam ◽  
C. Tatuebu, Tagne ◽  
F. Nghobuoche
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Floristic Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The City

This article aims to identify and assess the socio-economic and environmental implications of supplying charcoal in the city of Yaounde. To achieve the above-mentioned goal, investigations based on a standardized questionnaire (130 charcoal producers and sellers), formal interviews (7 resource persons), informal discussions, field observations and floristic survey were carried out in Bikok between the last quarter of 2016 and the second quarter of 2017. Bikok, a subdivision located in the neighbourhood of Yaounde is one of the most important supply sites of charcoal for the city. Investigations revealed that, accelerated demographic growth over the past fifty years, unemployment and poverty constitute the main factors for the increase in the production and consumption of charcoal in the city. Poverty, unemployment and the urge for the satisfaction of basic needs constituted the main reasons for involvement of 98.8% of charcoal producers in the activity. The increase in urban demand for charcoal is at the origin of several significant biophysical impacts, including the degradation of forests and soils as well as the decrease in the availability of some Non-Timber Forest Products and animal species. In the survey villages, a total area of 3.1 hectares of forest is cut each year and the average distances from inhabited areas to harvesting areas, increased from 0.8 to 5 km in 10 years. 76.6% of charcoal producers believe that some animal species are increasingly rare in the locality. On the socio-economic level, this activity creates jobs, generates income thereby increasing the living standards of producers and sellers. More than 300 people are involved in this activity who earns on average an income of 3000 to 6000 Central African Franc (XAF) per day. Decrease in the availability of certain NTFPs and damage to the health of producers constituted some of the negative socio-economic impacts of this activity. It is imperative to adopt measures to limit the negative impacts of this activity while ensuring a sustainable supply of charcoal in the city or the use of alternative sources of fuel.

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