scholarly journals Antifungal potential and biochemical effects of monoterpenes and phenylpropenes on plant

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marei Gehan I Kh ◽  
Abdelgaleil Samir A M
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Growth Inhibition Assay ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Antifungal Potential

To develop new natural fungicides, six monoterpenes and two phenylpropenes were tested for their antifungal activity against eight plant pathogenic fungi. The results of the mycelial growth inhibition assay showed that trans-cinnamaldehyde was the most potent compound against the eight tested fungi with EC<sub>50</sub> values ranging between 0.75 and 3.19 mg/l. This compound caused the higher mycelial growth inhibition than carbendazim. Furthermore, (–)-menthone exhibited strong antifungal activity against Alternaria solani (EC<sub>50</sub> = 9.31 mg/l), Penicillium digitatum (EC<sub>50</sub> = 16.14 mg/l), and Rhizoctonia solani (EC<sub>50</sub> = 24.69 mg/l). Likewise, eugenol showed potent antifungal activity against P. digitatum, R. solani, Fusarium solani, and A. solani, whereas EC<sub>50</sub> values were less than 30.0 mg/l. In a separate experiment, trans-cinnamaldehyde, p-cymene, eugenol, and (–)-menthone were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on pectin methyl esterase and cellulase. The tested compounds exhibited the pronounced inhibition of enzyme activities with trans-cinnamaldehyde being the most potent inhibitor for both enzymes.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity and Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil from Leaves of Nectandra longifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Nees.

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Daniel Plazas-Jiménez ◽  
Victor Enrique Macias-Villamizar ◽  
Ericsson Coy-Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Dose Dependent

“Yellow moena” (Nectandra longifolia: Lauraceae) is a fragrant leaves-possessing plant commonly used for timber purposes. Nevertheless, so far, there is not available information about its chemical composition. Thus, in the present work is described the components of the essential oil from N. longifolia leaves. The oil was extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by GC/FID  and GC/MS. Twenty eight compounds were therefore identified. The main components were found to be terpinen-4-ol (53.1%), α-terpinene (6.8%), α-phellandrene (4.5%), and β-pinene (3.8%). The chemical composition of essential oil from N. longifolia leaves was consequently in agreement to that of several neotropical Lauraceae plants. In addition, the oil exhibited good antifungal activity against F. oxysporum through dose-dependent mycelial growth inhibition (using amended media and fumigant assays).

scholarly journals Phytochemistry and antifungal potential of Datura inoxia Mill. on soil phytopathogen control

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Matias ◽  
Valtecir Fernandes ◽  
Bianca Obes Corrêa ◽  
Silvia Rahe Pereira ◽  
Ademir Kleber Morbeck Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Datura Inoxia

The application of chemical pesticides for the control of fungal diseases results in impacts on the environment and human health. The use of vegetal extracts with antifungal properties for the proper management of crops becomes a viable alternative, mainly for organic and family farming. The objective of this study was to carry out the phytochemical evaluation of Datura inoxia, evaluating its antifungal potential against the mycelial growth of Fusarium solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The extracts, aqueous and ethanolic, obtained from the leaves of the plant collected in areas of the municipality of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, were submitted to phytochemical prospecting and quantification of flavonoids and total phenols. It was evaluated its antifungal activity at concentrations of 800, 1200, 1600, 2000, and 2400 μg 100 mL-1. Each concentration was separately incorporated into BDA agar, poured into Petri dishes, and inoculated with the mycelial disc of the fungus. The diameter of the colonies were measured daily. Two solutions were prepared as control, one containing the solvent added to PDA medium (ethanol solution), and another with only PDA medium (without D. inoxia extract, control). In both extracts were found the same diversity of secondary metabolites (nine classes). The ethanolic extract, a solvent of lower polarity than water, was more efficient in the extraction of these constituents. Alkaloids and phenolic compounds were the most frequent compounds (100%). In relation to antifungal activity, the ethanolic extract provided 100% inhibition of mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotitorum in all concentrations, relative to the control. On the other hand, the growth of Fusarium solani was only negatively affected at the highest concentrations of 800 and 1200 μmL-1 100 mL-1. The antifungal potential of Datura inoxia was probably related to the abundance of alkaloids and phenolic compounds in its chemical constitution that negatively effects the development of the vegetative mycelium.

scholarly journals Hormetic Effects of Mixtures of Carbendazim and Iprodione on the Virulence of Botrytis cinerea

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menglong Cong ◽  
Shun He ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Chaoxi Luo ◽  
Fuxing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Fungicide Mixtures ◽  
Stimulation Of

Hormetic effects of fungicides on mycelial growth and virulence of plant pathogenic fungi have been reported, but the effects of fungicide mixtures on virulence hormesis of plant pathogens remain to be investigated. In this study, hormetic effects of mixtures of carbendazim and iprodione on the virulence of two carbendazim-resistant isolates of Botrytis cinerea were determined. Spraying carbendazim alone at 3 to 800 μg/ml exhibited hormetic effects on virulence to cucumber leaves, and carbendazim at 10 μg/ml had the maximum stimulation of 16.7% for isolate HBtom451. Spraying iprodione alone at 0.0001 to 0.0625 μg/ml exhibited hormetic effects on virulence, and iprodione at 0.025 μg/ml had the maximum stimulation of 18.7% for isolate HBtom451. However, spraying simultaneously carbendazim at 800 μg/ml and iprodione at 0.0625 μg/ml showed inhibitory effects on virulence to cucumber leaves. The mixture of carbendazim at 3 μg/ml and iprodione at 0.0001 μg/ml had much higher virulence stimulations than either fungicide at the same concentration alone. The maximum stimulation for the mixtures occurred at 10 and 0.0005 μg/ml for carbendazim and iprodione, respectively, and these concentrations were much lower than the concentration of their respective fungicide alone eliciting the maximum stimulations. The maximum stimulation amplitude for the mixture was slightly higher than that of each fungicide alone. These results demonstrated that carbendazim and iprodione mainly had dose-additive rather than amplitude-additive interactions when sprayed simultaneously with regard to virulence stimulations. Studies on virulence stimulations for mycelia treated with fungicide in potato dextrose agar showed that the maximum stimulation for the mixtures occurred at concentrations much lower than the concentration of carbendazim alone, indicating a dose-additive interaction when compared with carbendazim hormesis. Studies on potential physiological mechanisms of hormesis showed that increased tolerance to H2O2 may be one of the mechanisms for virulence hormesis for the mixtures of iprodione and carbendazim. These studies will advance our understanding of hormesis of fungicide mixtures.

A rapid Candida albicans hyphal-form growth inhibition assay: determination of myelomonocytic-mediated antifungal activity

Mycoses ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Scaringi ◽  
Elisabetta Blasi ◽  
Paola Cornacchione ◽  
Carla Bietta ◽  
F. Bistoni
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Growth Inhibition Assay

scholarly journals Baseline Sensitivity of Fusarium virguliforme to Fluopyram Fungicide

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Carl A. Bradley ◽  
Olivia Stenzel ◽  
Dianne K. Pedersen ◽  
Ursula Reuter-Carlson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Growth Inhibition Assay ◽  
Fusarium Virguliforme ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
Conidia Germination

Fluopyram, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide, was recently registered for use as a soybean seed treatment for management of sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium virguliforme. Although registered and now used commercially, in vitro baseline fungicide sensitivity of F. virguliforme to fluopyram has not yet been established. In this study, the baseline sensitivity of F. virguliforme to fluopyram was determined using in vitro growth of mycelium and germination of conidia assays with two collections of F. virguliforme isolates. A total of 130 and 75 F. virguliforme isolates were tested using the mycelial growth and conidia germination assays, respectively, including a core set of isolates that were tested with both assays. In the mycelial growth inhibition assay, 113 out of 130 isolates (86.9%) were inhibited 50% by effective concentrations (EC50) less than 5 µg/ml with a mean EC50 of 3.35 µg/ml. For the conidia germination assay, 73 out of 75 isolates (97%) were determined to have an estimated EC50 of less than 5 µg/ml with a mean EC50 value of 2.28 µg/ml. In a subset of 20 common isolates that were phenotyped with both assays, conidia germination of F. virguliforme was determined to be more sensitive to fluopyram (mean EC50 = 2.28 µg/ml) than mycelial growth (mean EC50 = 3.35 µg/ml). Hormetic effects were observed in the mycelial growth inhibition assay as 22% of the isolates demonstrated more growth on medium amended with the lowest fluopyram concentration (1 µg/ml), as compared with the nonfluopyram amended control. It was not possible to determine EC50 values for nine out of 185 isolates (4.8%), as those isolates were not inhibited by 50% even at the highest fluopyram concentrations of 100 µg/ml for mycelial growth and 20 µg/ml for conidia germination inhibition assays. On the whole, the F. virguliforme population appears to be sensitive to fluopyram, and this study enables future monitoring of fungicide sensitivity.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Chemical Compositions and Antifungal Activity of Ocimum gratissimum (Nchuanwu) Leaves against Some Plant Pathogens

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rosemary I. Uchegbu ◽  
Jacinta N. Akalazu ◽  
Chinweotuto E. Sokwaibe
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp

Aim: This work was carried out to determine the chemical compositions of Ocimum gratissimum leaf (Fig. 1) using GC-MS and its antifungal potential against some plant pathogenic fungi. Study Design: The study was designed to determine its chemical compositions by GC-MS and to test the inhibitory ability of the plant extract on plant pathogens. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri and Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria, between February to July 2017. Methodology: The ethanol extract of the leaf of Ocimum gratissimum was evaluated using GC-MS to determine the chemical compositions of the plant. The identification of compounds was done by comparing spectrum of the unknown component with the spectrum of the known components stored in the NIST library. The essential oil of the plant was used to analyze the antifungal potential of the plant. This was done against some plant pathogenic fungi using disc diffusion method and MIC using broth micro dilution method. Results: The GC-MS analysis revealed eight compounds (Fig. 2) with n- Hexadecanoic acid constituting the bulk of the oil (37.21%), followed by Oleic acid (25.38%) and Octadecanoic acid (16.19%). Other compounds present in the plant are Glycyl alcohol (2.47%), Methyl alpha –D- Glucopyranoside (8.33%), Tetradecanoic acid (5.77%), Palmitic amide (2.72%) and d-Glucose, 2,3- diethyl-4,5-dithioacetyl (1.93%). Ocimum gratissimum exhibited different degrees of antifungal activity against the mycelial growth of Aspergillus niger, Botryodiploidia theobromae, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium expansum and Colletotrichum spp and Fusarium oxysporium. The maximum percentage degree inhibition of Ocimum gratissimum oil was observed on A. niger at different concentrations while the least inhibition was observed in Colletotrichum spp at different concentrations. Analysis of some of the compounds found in Ocimum gratissimum such as Methyl alpha.-d-glucopyranoside, Oleic acid etc, reveals the rich pharmacological potential of this medicinal plant and the inhibitory potential of the plant against fungi justify the use of Ocimum gratissimum as a medicine traditionally.

scholarly journals Evaluation of seed-borne fungi associated with tomato and their control measures

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Raihan I Raju
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Vigor Index

A number of seed borne fungi such as- Fusarium moniliforme, Curvularia lunata, Alternaria solani, Helminthosporium solani, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and Penicillium spp. were identified from the selected BARI-8, Nilima, Patharkuchi, Roma and Ratan varieties of tomato seeds. The highest (2.53%) mean incidence of the fungi F. moniliforme were recorded in tomato variety Roma, BARI-8, Nilima and Ratan while the lowest (0.13%) mean incidence of the fungi Penicillium was found in Ratan. The maximum percent of germination (64%) was recorded in both BARI-8 and Patharkuchi varieties, while the minimum (7%) germination in Nilima. The highest seedling vigor index (632.96) was encountered in BARI-8 and the lowest in Nilima. Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum and T. koningii were used as bio-control agents against major seed borne fungi. T. viride showed the significantly effective mycelial growth inhibition against F. moniliforme and C. lunata, while T. harzianum and T. koningii showed poor performance against both tested fungi. In case of botanical extracts, Lawsonia inermis exhibited the maximum (82.15% and 86.24%) inhibition of mycelium growth of F. moniliforme and C. lunata, respectively. Chemical fungicides, Bavistin (0.5 gm/l) inhibited 65% mycelial growth against F. moniliforme, while higher concentration of chemical fungicide gave 81% inhibition of C. lunata. The results suggested that, L. inermis phytoextract can possibly be exploited for the management of seed-borne pathogenic fungi of tomato in an environmental friendly way.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 6(2): 59-66, 2017 (December)

scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SEAWEED ULVA LACTUCA L. EXTRACTED CRUDE PROTEIN AGAINST PATHOGENIC FUNGI

2019 ◽  
pp. 393-396
Author(s):  
KRISHNAMOORTHI R ◽  
SIVAKUMAR SR
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cd Spectroscopy ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of seaweed extracted protein against the pathogenic fungi. Methods: Antifungal activity of seaweed Ulva lactuca L. extracted protein was determined against pathogenic fungi such as Alternaria solani, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium oxysporum by disk diffusion Method. Then, the potentially active protein was determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Results: Seaweeds extracted protein checked for the antifungal activity against A. clavatus, A. solani, and A. flavus better activity compared to standard amphotericin-B and CD spectroscopy. Analysis of the extracts divulges the presence of entire protein compounds. Conclusions: This study extracted seaweed protein sufficient of antifungal activity opposed to antifungal pathogens as compared with the standard. This is first report an activity of seaweed extracted protein against the plant and human pathogenic fungus bearing agricultural important.

Compost bacteria provide antifungal activity against grey mold andAlternariarot on bell pepper fruit

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiqing Luo ◽  
Hannah Purdy ◽  
Tyler J. Avis
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Grey Mold

Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit are susceptible to various molds, including grey mold and Alternaria rot. In this work, antagonistic bacteria isolated from disease-suppressive composts were assessed for their ability to reduce the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea Persoon and Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler as well as to suppress grey mold and Alternaria rot on bell pepper. Results showed that different bacterial antagonists reduced mycelial growth of B. cinerea and A. alternata by up to 49% and 53%, respectively. The bacteria provided inhibition of grey mold, reducing incidence and severity by as much as 43% and 67%, respectively. The isolates also provided strong inhibitory effects against Alternaria rot, decreasing incidence and severity by as much as 77% and 80%, respectively. Pseudomonas and Arthrobacter spp. were particularly suppressive to Alternaria rot. Results of this study suggest antagonistic bacteria may represent a potential method for controlling fruit rot of bell pepper.

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