scholarly journals Effects of immunocastration on growth performance, body composition, meat quality, and boar taint

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
R. Stupka ◽  
J. Čítek ◽  
K. Vehovský ◽  
K. Zadinová ◽  
M. Okrouhlá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Large White ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Daily Gain

The study objective was to evaluate the effect of immunocastration in the period between the first and second vaccinations and subsequently between the second vaccination and slaughter on growth performance, carcass composition, meat quality, and boar taint, and compare results in immunocastrated males (IC), uncastrated boars (UCM), surgically castrated barrows (CM), and gilts (FE). The study included 70 pigs of the Duroc × (Large White × Landrace) crossbreed. Upon the overall assessment of the selected fattening indicators (average daily gain, feed intake), significant differences between CM and the other groups were demonstrated. Meanwhile, no significant differences were found between the IC, UCM, and FE groups. In this test, immunocastrates showed no negative effect from the second vaccination in relation to those carcass value indicators evaluated in comparison with UCM and FE. CM showed adversely lower carcass value parameters compared the other groups. No significant differences in pH, meat colour, drip loss, shear force, and intramuscular fat were found. The values of these indicators obtained for IC converged with those measured in UCM and FE. It was demonstrated that immunocastration prevented the occurrence of undesired boar taint. Androstenone decreased by 77% and skatole by 71% in IC as compared to UCM.

Immunisation against gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) increases growth and reduces variability in group-housed boars

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
G. M. Cronin ◽  
J. L. Barnett ◽  
P. H. Hemsworth ◽  
D. P. Hennessy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Daily Gain

It is generally accepted that entire boars are leaner and more efficient than barrows but that they have poorer meat quality with an increased risk of boar taint. An additional issue in producing boars to meet market specifications is variation in growth performance, which may be exacerbated by high levels of aggression and mounting behaviour in group-housed animals. Immunisation against gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), leading to immunological castration, offers a means of reducing aggression and mounting behaviour while maintaining most of the production efficiencies associated with entire boars. A total of 120 control boars, 120 immunised boars and 60 barrows (physically castrated at 5 days of age) were used in a study conducted in two replicates. Each replicate consisted of two pens each of boars, immunised boars and barrows, each pen containing 15 pigs, and two blocks of 15 individually-housed boars and immunised boars. The group-housed pigs had access to two single place electronic feeders per pen. Immunised boars were given the anti-GnRH vaccine (Improvac) at 14 and 18 weeks of age. In the 2 weeks immediately after the secondary immunisation at 18 weeks, average daily gain was greater in the immunised boars than the boars or barrows, particularly in those that were group housed, as indicated by the interaction (P = 0.035). From 18 to 23 weeks of age average daily gain was greater (P = 0.005) in immunised boars than in control boars and barrows and was greater (P < 0.001) in individually- than in group-housed pigs. The average daily gain of group-housed immunised boars and individually-housed control boars were similar over the 5-week period after secondary immunisation (1090 vs 1099 g/day), being ~20 and 15% higher than the group-housed control boars and barrows, respectively. The average daily feed intake was greater (P = 0.011) in immunised boars than in control boars with barrows intermediate. The standard deviation of bodyweight increased with age but was lower (P from 0.032 to 0.09) in immunised boars than in control boars and barrows between 18 and 22 and 17 and 21 weeks of age. Carcass fighting damage and pork pH were higher (P < 0.05) for control boars than for immunised boars or barrows. In conclusion, immunisation against GnRH increased average daily gain and average daily feed intake while decreasing variation in bodyweight and improving carcass and pork quality.

The effects of feeding a chocolate product on growth performance and meat quality of finishing swine

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. McNaughton ◽  
R. O. Ball ◽  
R. M. Friendship
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Chocolate Product ◽  
Swine Diets ◽  
Daily Gain

The effects of including a waste chocolate confectionary product in swine diets on growth performance, carcass composition and meat quality of finishing pigs were determined. Four isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets were formulated to include 0, 10, 20 and 30% of a chocolate product in a pelleted corn and soybean-meal-based-diet and fed ad libitum to 32 gilts and 32 barrows from 54 kg to 105 kg. There were no significant differences among diets for average daily gain, feed intake and feed efficiency. Fat content in the diets increased from 3 to 7% with increasing inclusion, but there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences for backfat depth, total dissected fat, total lean or percent lean of the dissected carcass. With respect to meat quality, there were no significant differences observed for colour, structure and marbling of the loin and ham muscle. There were no treatment differences for the firmness of the inner backfat of pigs consuming the various diets. Waste chocolate confectionary can be fed to growing swine at inclusion levels up to 30% of the diet with no adverse effects on growth or carcass quality. Key words: Alternative feedstuff, chocolate, pigs, growth performance, carcass quality

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SLAUGHTER’ AGE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS AND NON-CARCASS COMPONENTS TRAITS OF BERBER BREED LAMBS

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1401-1407
Author(s):  
S. Atroun ◽  
C. Aissaoui ◽  
S. Smeti ◽  
N. Atti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this work was to study the lamb’s growth, the carcass yield and composition and the importance of main organs of Berber lambs slaughtered at 4 or 6 months. The study concerned 40 lambs reared under motherhood. Lambs of the first group were slaughtered at the age of 4 months (4M) and the second at 6 months (6M). Slaughter body weights (BW), hot and cold carcass weights and organs were recorded. The carcass was cut out and dissected. The average BW at birth was 4.14 + 0.506 kg while the BW at slaughter was 22.86 kg + 3.40 and 31.51 + 3.50 kg for 4M and 6M groups, respectively. The average daily gain were 172 and 164g for 4M and 6M groups, respectively. Therefore, during 2months the lambs of 6M group gained 8.67 kg in BW. The carcasses were heavier for 6M than 4M. The carcass commercial yields were 42% and 45% for 4M and 6M groups, respectively, resulting in 4.1 kg gain of meat during 2 months. The tissular (muscle, fat and bone) and the regional (leg, shoulder …) carcass composition did not differ among groups. All organs were heavier for 6M than 4M; however, their proportion in the empty body weight were variables. The BWand carcass gain at six months are encouraging to prolong the lamb’s slaughter age without carcass composition difference given the similar fat proportion in the carcass of both groups.

Comparison of 2 growth patterns during the growing period in fattening bulls. 3. slaughter characteristics, carcass composition and meat quality

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 217-217
Author(s):  
A. Clinquart ◽  
C. Van Eenaeme ◽  
T. Van Vooren ◽  
J. Van Hoof ◽  
L. Istasse
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Daily Gain

The degree to which growth patterns are modified after a period of food restriction affects the compositional changes of the carcasses(Carstens et al., 1992), furthermore, the growth rate has a direct effect on the physical properties of meat (Fishell et al., 1985). The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of a severe food restriction at a early stage of maturity on the slaughter characteristics and meat quality of Belgian Blue bulls.Twelve Belgian Blue bulls (dual purpose type) weighing 233 kg were offered two different planes of nutrition during the growing period. Six bulls (Group-) received a restricted diet so that their average daily gain was 0.34 kg/d (Group+) during 202 days. By contrast six other bulls were given a more conventional growing diet and their average daily gain was 1.13 kg/d. Both Groups were fattened with similar diet and slaughtered when the live weight was close to 600 kg. Carcass weight was measured and killing-out proportion calculated, the composition of the carcass was estimated after dissection of ribs 7, 8, 9 removed 48 h post-mortem.

Influence of early weaning on the behavioural patterns and growth performance in large white Yorkshire (LWY) piglets

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sravanthi ◽  
D. Suresh Babu ◽  
A. Anitha ◽  
P. Asha Latha
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Large White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Group 1

The behavioural pattern and growth performance of three groups of LWY piglets weaned at different ages was studied for six months. The first, second and third groups were weaned at 25, 40 and 56 days, respectively. The playing and huddling behavior was more in group 1 piglets. While fighting, standing, locomotion and tail biting behavior was more in group 2 piglets. Whereas the lying behavior was more in group 3 piglets. There was a significant difference (P is less than 0.01) among the three groups of piglets for all behavioral patterns. The post weaning weight (kg) gains reached 56.63 ± 0.41, 65.03 ± 0.36 and 63.09 ± 0.38 Kg for group 1, group 2 and group 3 respectively, at the end of study period. A significant difference (P is less than 0.01) was observed among the three groups for all the fortnightly interval body weights. The mean average daily gain for group 1, 2 and 3 was 0.33, 0.38 and 0.36 respectively. Significant difference (P is less than 0.01) had been observed between the groups for average daily gain. The present study had suggested that early weaning at 40days age was more advantageous than 25 days age and conventional 56days weaning age.

Effect of nutritional regimen including limit feeding and breed on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality in beef cattle

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. McGregor ◽  
C. P. Campbell ◽  
S. P. Miller ◽  
P. P. Purslow ◽  
I. B. Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Limit Feeding ◽  
Daily Gain

McGregor, E M., Campbell, C. P., Miller, S. P., Purslow, P. P. and Mandell, I. B. 2012. Effect of nutritional regimen including limit feeding and breed on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality in beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 327–341. The effects of nutritional management regimen and breed on growth performance, carcass attributes, and meat quality were evaluated in 68 British (BRIT) and Continental (CONT) crossbred steers, managed on one of three nutritional regimens: (1) ad libitum access to a 77% corn diet (ALGRAIN), (2) limit feeding initially of the 77% corn diet, followed by ad libitum access to the 77% corn diet (LFGRAIN), and (3) limit feeding initially of a 90% haylage diet, followed by ad libitum access to the 77% corn diet (LFHAYL). Nutritional regimen by breed interactions (P<0.02) were present for average daily gain, dry matter intake (DMI), gain to feed, and shear force. LFHAYL regimen decreased gains to a greater extent for BRIT steers than CONT steers managed on ALGRAIN or LFGRAIN. Feed intakes were similar across nutritional regimens for CONT steers, while DMI was depressed in BRIT on LFHAYL as compared with steers started on ALGRAIN or LFGRAIN. Gain to feed was greater in BRIT cattle on LFGRAIN vs. ALGRAIN, while gain to feed was similar in CONT started on grain (ALGRAIN, LFGRAIN). Shear force was lower for beef from LFHAYL BRIT vs. beef from BRIT on ALGRAIN or LFGRAIN, while the converse was true for CONT. Limit feeding of a high-energy diet may be appropriate for cattle of British background to reduce feed input costs, while ensuring tenderness.

scholarly journals Interrelationships between sex and dietary lysine on growth performance and carcass composition of finishing boars and gilts1

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pau Aymerich ◽  
Carme Soldevila ◽  
Jordi Bonet ◽  
Mercè Farré ◽  
Josep Gasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Deposition Potential ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Large White

Abstract The main goals of this study were to determine whether boars and gilts respond differently to the standardized ileal digestible lysine to net energy ratio (SID Lys:NE) and model the response to optimize growth performance. A total of 780 finishing pigs, 390 boars and 390 gilts [Pietrain NN × (Landrace × Large White)], with an initial individual body weight of 70.4 ± 9.2 for boars and 68.7 ± 8.0 kg for gilts, were used in a 41-d dose–response experiment. Pens (13 pigs per pen) were randomly allocated to a dietary treatment (2.64, 3.05, 3.46, 3.86, 4.27 g SID Lys/Mcal NE) by block and sex, with six replicates per treatment and sex. Two isoenergetic diets (2,460 kcal NE/kg), representing the extreme SID Lys:NE, were formulated and then mixed. Pigs were individually weighed at days 0, 22, and 41, when the experiment finished. The differential effect of SID Lys:NE on growth performance and carcass composition between sexes was analyzed with orthogonal polynomial contrasts to compare the linear and quadratic trends in each sex. In addition, broken-line linear (BLL) models to optimize average daily gain (ADG), including average daily feed intake (ADFI) as a covariate, were fitted when possible. As expected, boars had a greater ADG and feed efficiency (G:F; P &lt; 0.001) than gilts, but there was no evidence of differences in ADFI (P = 0.470). Increasing SID Lys:NE had a greater linear impact on boars ADG (P = 0.087), G:F (P = 0.003), and carcass leanness (P = 0.032). In contrast, gilts showed a greater linear increase in SID Lys intake per kg gain (P &lt; 0.001) and feed cost per kg gain (P = 0.005). The best fitting BLL models showed that boars maximized ADG at 3.63 g SID Lys/Mcal NE [95% confidence interval (CI): (3.32 to 3.94)], although another model with a similar fit, compared with the Bayesian information criterion, reported the optimum at 4.01 g SID Lys/Mcal NE [95% CI: (3.60, 4.42)]. The optimum to maximize ADG for gilts was estimated at 3.10 g SID Lys/Mcal NE [95% CI: (2.74, 3.47)]. Thus, the present study confirmed that boars and gilts have a different linear response to SID Lys:NE, explained by the greater protein deposition potential of boars. Likewise, BLL models indicated that boars require a higher SID Lys:NE to maximize ADG from 70 to 89 kg. These results suggest that split feeding of finishing boars and gilts could be beneficial in terms of both performance and cost return.

scholarly journals Effect of Australian sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) inclusion levels and enzyme supplementation on the performance, carcass composition and meat quality of grower/finisher pigs

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Kim ◽  
B. P. Mullan ◽  
R. R. Nicholls ◽  
J. R. Pluske
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Large White ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Finisher Diets

Two hundred and twenty-four crossbred male pigs (Large White × Landrace, initial bodyweight 27.2 kg ± 0.22) were used to determine the influence of dietary Australian sweet lupin (ASL) inclusion level and enzyme supplementation on growth performance, carcass composition and meat quality. The experiment was a 4 × 2 factorial design with the respective factors being ASL inclusion level (Lupinus angustifolius L., cv. Mandelup; 200, 250, 300 and 350 g/kg, in replacement of soybean meal) and enzyme supplementation (without or with supplemental enzyme; Allzyme SSF). Pigs (7 pigs per pen × 4 replicates per treatment = 28 pigs per enzyme by lupin-level combination) were fed grower diets between 27 and 50 kg, finisher diets between 50 and 75 kg and pre-sale diets between 75 and 107 kg, and daily gain and feed intake were measured weekly. At ~107 kg liveweight, the pigs were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir and carcass composition was measured. Meat quality (pH, surface exudate, drip loss, cooking loss, meat colour and shear force) was measured from selected pigs (n = 18) fed the lowest and highest lupin diets without enzyme supplementation. Increasing the ASL inclusion level to 350 g/kg did not alter (P > 0.05) growth performance of pigs and did not influence (P > 0.05) carcass composition and meat quality. Likewise, addition of supplemental enzyme had no effect (P > 0.05) on growth performance and carcass composition. Lack of performance response to added enzyme complex is likely due either to the use of enzyme complex that was not substrate-specific for the lupin non-starch polysaccharides or to the high specification of the experimental diets, which was inevitable when increasing inclusion levels of lupins. The results show that a current variety (Mandelup) of ASL can be used in grower/finisher diets up to 350 g/kg without compromising growth, carcass composition or meat quality of pigs.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding transgenic canola on apparent digestibility, growth performance and carcass characteristics of lambs

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stanford ◽  
J. L. Aalhus ◽  
M. E. R. Dugan ◽  
G. L. Wallins ◽  
R. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Transgenic Line ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Transgenic Canola

This study evaluated the effects of including meal from glyphosate-tolerant (Roundup-Ready®) canola (RRC) in barley-based diets for lambs on apparent digestibility of the diets, growth performance of the lambs, and carcass quality and composition. Four isonitrogenous diets were prepared that included canola meal [6.5%, dry matter (DM) basis] from four different sources (two commercially available canola blends, COM1 and COM2; a transgenic line, RRC and the parental non-transgenic line from which RRC was derived, PAR). Apparent digestibilities of the four diets were determined using eight mature wethers (67.8 ± 2.3 kg) in a replicated Latin square with four 21-d periods. No aspect of digestibility (DM, fibre, or nitrogen balance) was influenced by canola source. The growth trial involved 60 early-weaned Arcott lambs (30 ewes; 30 wethers; initial age approximately 2 mo; initial weight 21.5 ± 1.0 kg). The lambs were blocked by weight and gender for assignment to treatments, and fed the diets until reaching or exceeding 45 kg body weight. Intake of DM was similar among lambs fed COM1, COM2 and PAR diets, and between PAR and RRC (COM1, COM2 > RRC, P < 0.05). Diet did not affect (P > 0.05) average daily gain or feed efficiency. Carcass yield grade was higher (P < 0.05) for COM1 and COM2 diets than for PAR or RRC, although carcass composition did not differ (P > 0.05) between PAR and RRC. Canola source did not affect (P > 0.05) meat tenderness, as determined by shear force, drip loss or intramuscular fat content. Meat colour o f RRC-fed lambs did not differ from that of all other treatment groups. In this study, including canola meal prepared from glyphosate-tolerant canola did not alter diet digestibility, feed efficiency, growth performance, carcass characteristics or meat quality of lambs. Key words: Growth, lambs, meat quality, ruminant, transgenic canola

scholarly journals Dietary inclusion of ensiled avocado oil cake affects growth, nutrient digestion, and carcass characteristics of pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Seshoka ◽  
P.J. Fourie ◽  
A.T. Kanengoni ◽  
I.M.M. Malebana ◽  
R.S. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Avocado Oil ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Daily Gain

In this experiment, the effects were evaluated of various dietary inclusion levels of avocado oil cake (AOC) silage on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics in pigs. A mixture of 70% AOC, 25% wheat bran, and 5% sugarcane molasses was ensiled in 200 L drums for 90 days. It was then incorporated at 0%, 3% and 5% in the experimental diets. Twenty-seven Large White cross Landrace (LW x LR) weaner pigs, with an average live weight of 22 kg, were stratified by weight and randomly allocated to the three experimental diets (9 pigs/diet). Pigs were weighed individually each week throughout the trial. Daily feed intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion rates (FCRs) were recorded. A nutrient digestibility study was carried out on completion of the growth trial. At the end of the experiment, pigs were fasted for twelve hours and weighed to determine the final weight. The pigs were then slaughtered, and carcass samples were collected and analysed. The growth performance of pigs was not affected by diet, irrespective of fibre levels in the AOC silage. However, the addition of 3% AOC silage improved the digestibility of fibre fractions. The weights of the cold carcass, chops, and backfat thickness were reduced with AOC silage addition.

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