Songs of the Nymylan woman V’alyat (based on the materials of the Complex Expedition to Kamchatka in 1991)

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Ekaterina L. Tiron ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Folk Song ◽  
Systemic Organization ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Diverse World ◽  
First Time

For the first time, the paper presents the song creativity of Ekaterina Ivanovna Chechulina (Koryaks name V’alyat) - a native of the Karaginsky district of Kamchatka, bearer of the Koryak-Nymylan tradition. The research is based on the field materials of the well-known Siberian ethnomusicologist, Doctor of Arts, Yu. Sheikin, namely, on the materials of the Complex folklore and ethnographic expedition to Kamchatka in 1991. The research is carried out as a part of the preparation of the volumes of Koryak folklore in the series “Monuments of Folklore of the Peoples of Siberia and the Far East”. The author consistently examines the genres of song folklore of the Koryak-Nymylans on the example of V’alyat’s creativity: personal songs sininkin ӄuliӄul and tribal songs yanutsʔinav’ ӄuliӄul, fly-agaric songs lyllʔal ӄuliӄul, lullabies and cradle songs alulukin ӄuliӄul. The description of the song genres of Koryak-Nymylans is accompanied by samples of texts and notes, allowing us to get an idea of the lyrics and the nature of the melodies. This study made it possible to conclude that at the poetic, syllogorhythmic, and compositional levels, there are trends toward more systemic organization, while the modus and intonation components are more unstable, which is characteristic for early-song melodics (E. Alekseev). Based on the material of several songs recorded from one bearer of the tradition, the author reveals the diverse world of folk song genres of Koryak-Nymylans, interesting timbre, pitch, and rhythmic characteristics of this ancient, unique, and original cultural phenomenon.

Ramalina sekika (Ramalinaceae), a new species for the lichen flora of Russia from the Far East

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Kataeva
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
The Far East ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Independent Species ◽  
Lichen Flora

Ramalina sekika Asahina is reported for the first time from Russia from Sakhalin. It refers to the number of rare and poorly investigated species of the genus. Until now it was considered to be endemic to northeastern China. The original description and the location in the Far East are given, as well as the data on anatomical and morphological study of the Russian specimen. The differences in the anatomical structure of its thallus are discussed. A comparison of anatomical and morphological characters of R. sekika, R. pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. (European material), R. yasudae Räsänen has been made; the author considers them as independent species.

STECCHERINUM AURANTILAETUM (CORNER) BERNICCHIA ET GORJÓN (BASIDIOMYCOTA) IN THE FAR EAST OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Bukharova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Far East ◽  
Original Description ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
First Time

Steccherinum aurantilaetum is a predominantly East Asian polyporoid fungus from the Steccherinaceae. It was first discovered in the Krasnoarmeisky District of the Primorye and in the Khabarovsk Territory. Previously, it was known only in the «Kedrovaya Pad» Nature Reserve in the Primorye and in the «Bastak» Nature Reserve in the Jewish Autonomous Region (for the territory of Russia). An original description of the species based on Far Eastern material is given, and a map of the general distribution of S. aurantilaetum is presented for the first time.

Lichens of swamp complexes of Sakhalin Island (Sakhalin Region, Russian Far East)

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-426
Author(s):  
I. F. Skirina ◽  
N. A. Tsarenko ◽  
F. V. Skirin
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Sakhalin Island ◽  
The South ◽  
Red Lists ◽  
The Far East ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lichen Flora

This paper presents the results of the study of lichen flora in swamp complexes of Sakhalin Island, obtained during expeditionary research in 2005–2009 and 2014–2020. The revealed species composition of lichens includes 172 species. The 28 of them are new for Sakhalin and 93 are new for the island swamp complexes. Bryocaulon pseudosatoanum is included in the regional and federal Red lists. Lecidea nylanderi is new to the south of the Far East. The information about substrates, habitats and locations is given for all species. The data on the distribution in the south of the Far East and, in some cases for all Far East, are listed for selected species that are new for Sakhalin Island and the south of the Far East. For the first time, a characteristic of the distribution of lichens in oligotrophic, eutrophic and mesotrophic bogs of Sakhalin Island is given.

scholarly journals EXTERNAL DEFENSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS OF JURCHEN CITES IN EASTERN XIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Г. Артемьева ◽  
С.В. Макиевский
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Mountain Landscape ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
North East ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Natural Terrain ◽  
First Time

Государство Восточное Ся (1215–1233 гг.) было создано чжурчжэнями для защиты от монгольского вторжения на территории Северо-Востока Китая, в которую входил юг Дальнего Востока России. При строительстве городов-крепостей широко использовались естественно-географические условия. Горный ландшафт создавал возможность строить горные городища в распадках сопок, используя природные условия как дополнительные преграды. При исследовании фортификационных сооружений Шайгинского городища были выявлены основные и дополнительные оборонные сооружения чжурчжэньских укрепленных поселений, прослежена эволюция средневекового оборонного зодчества Дальнего Востока. В наиболее уязвимых местах возводились внешние дополнительные сооружения – реданы и отсекающие валы. Редан Шайгинского городища представлял собой сооружение шириной около 30 м, окруженное тремя валами и тремя рвами. В качестве дополнительного укрепления применялись отсекающие рвы, которые перекрывали подходы по мысам к городищу. На Шайгинском городище прослежено четыре отсекающих рва. Внешние фортификационные сооружения в виде редана и отсекающих рвов выполняли функцию первой линии защиты чжурчжэньских городов-крепостей. Эти укрепления впервые зафиксированы на горных городищах периода государства Восточного Ся. Их можно считать достижением чжурчжэньских градостроителей XIII в. The Eastern Xia Kingdom(1215–1233) was established by the Jurchens to defend themselves against invasions of the Mongols in North-East Chinathat included the southern parts of the Far East of Russia. Local topographic features were widely used in construction of city fortresses. Mountain landscape provided an opportunity to build mountainous fortified settlements into narrow valleys of sopkas to follow the natural terrain contours and use them to create additional obstacles. Excavations of the Shayginskoye hillfort revealed main and additional defensive constructions of Jurchen fortified settlements tracing the evolution of medieval defensive architecture in the Far East. Additional external constructions such as redans and cut-off ramparts were erected in soft spots of fortifications. The redan of the Shayginskoye hillfort was a construction around 20 mwide which was surrounded with three ramparts and three ditches. Cut-off ditches that closed access to the hillfort through promontories were used as an additional obstacle. Four cut-off ditches were identified at the Shayginskoye hillfort. External fortification constructions such as redans and cut-off ditches served to be the first defensive line of Jurchen fortress cities. This type of fortifications was recorded for the first time in mountainous hillforts of Eastern Xia. They can be regarded as an achievement of Jurchen town planners of the 13th century.

scholarly journals Impact of forest growth conditions on the wood density: the case of Amur Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-298
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Romanova ◽  
Alexander B. Zhirnov ◽  
Natalia A. Yust ◽  
Xu Fucheng
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Far East ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
Density Determination ◽  
The Far East ◽  
First Time

Abstract The problem of determining the dependence of the chainsaw on the density of wood, substantiation of effective options for the number of chainsaws in the assortment and whiplash method of logging is quite relevant. In the Far East of Russia, in particular, in the Amur region, the forest growth conditions are different from the western ones, and therefore, the properties of the wood differ from the generally accepted ones. The article describes forest growth conditions that influence the properties of the wood in areas of the Amur region. Using the method of density determination, the density of larch, pine and birch were studied for first time in the areas of the region. The dependence of the density on humidity, age, species, season of the year and the area of growth was found out. The results of the research showed that under humidity of 70%, the density of larch was 1088.99 kg/m3, it was 919.8 kg/m3 for pine and it was for birch 915.9 kg/m3.

Embroidery technique in the composition of the Khakass ornament: traditions and modernity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Оксана Вячеславовна Киштеева
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Semantic Context ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Far East ◽  
South Siberia ◽  
Color Scheme ◽  
Execution Technique

В настоящей статье рассматривается хакасский традиционный праздничный костюм как культурный феномен и материальный носитель орнамента и прочих культурных кодов, знаковых для национальной идентичности. Проблема изучения и сохранения традиций в вышивке хакасских орнаментов заключается в старении мастеров и слабой преемственности поколений, а также в плохой сохранности текстильного материала в археологических находках. Цель автора заключается в систематизации видов хакасского криволинейного орнамента в народном костюме, а также в анализе орнамента как упорядоченной системы знаков, опирающейся на мифологические основания и константы этнической культуры. В результате автор отмечает в технологии хакасской вышивки несколько видов декоративных швов, общих для кочевых народов Средней Азии, Казахстана, Южной Сибири, Дальнего Востока и Китая. Определены цветовые решения контура и середины орнамента, техника выполнения и материал. В семантическом контексте орнамента отмечены растительные и зооморфные мотивы с устойчивыми художественными характеристиками. В статье описаны композиционные решения, цвет, ритм элементов орнамента в их символическом контексте. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы как в образовательных программах, так и в проектах по сохранению художественных ремесел и традиционной хакасской культуры в целом. The article is devoted to the Khakass traditional costume as a cultural phenomenon and a material carrier of ornament and other cultural codes that are symbolic for national identity. The problem of studying and preserving the traditions in embroidery of Khakass ornaments lies in the aging of craftsmen and poor continuity of generations, as well as in the poor preservation of textile material in archaeological finds. The purpose of the article is to systematize the types of the Khakass curved ornament in a folk costume, as well as to analyze the ornament as an ordered system of signs based on mythological foundations and constants of ethnic culture. As a result, the author notes in the Khakass embroidery technology several types of decorative seams common to the nomadic peoples of Central Asia, Kazakhstan, South Siberia, the Far East and China. The article identifies the color scheme of the contour and the middle of the ornament, the execution technique and the material. In the semantic context of the ornament, the author notes floral and zoomorphic motifs with stable artistic characteristics. The article describes compositional decisions, color, rhythm of elements of an ornament in their symbolic context. The results of the study are important for educational programs and can be used in projects to preserve art crafts and traditional Khakass culture in general.

New exploration in Koryakia – the lichens of the Cape Goven, Bering Sea coast (Northern Kamchatka, Russia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-162
Author(s):  
D. E. Himelbrant ◽  
I. S. Stepanchikova ◽  
T. Ahti ◽  
V. Yu. Neshataeva
Keyword(s):  
Bering Sea ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Saprobic Fungi ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Mountainous Landscape ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Far East ◽  
Lichen Flora

The lichen diversity of the Cape Goven within the Koryak State Reserve counts 394 species: 373 lichens, 18 lichenicolous fungi and 3 non-lichenized saprobic fungi related to lichens. Altogether 4 species are new to Russia (Miriquidica pulvinatula, Myriolecis andrewii, Ochrolechia alaskana, Rhizocarpon sublavatum), 1 – to Asiatic Russia (Collemopsidium foveolatum), 29 other species are new to the Russian Far East, 4 – to the northern part of the Far East. Additionally, 51 other species are new to Kamchatka Territory, and 92 more are new to Koryakia. Among the new species to Russia or Russian Far East, 11 are also reported for the first time for Beringia. A total of 500 species of lichens and allied fungi are known from Koryakia now. The richest habitats in Cape Goven are rocky outcrops and tundras; unlike in the earlier explored Parapolsky Dale, shrublands, floodplain stands and bogs play relatively insignificant role in the lichen diversity. The lichens of seashore communities enrich the lichen flora of Cape Goven compared to inland areas. The lichen diversity of Cape Goven is significantly higher than in Parapolsky Dale due to its mountainous landscape and coastal position.

Fulfillment of the Christian Golden Age under Pope Julius II: Text of a Discourse of Giles of Viterbo, 1507

Traditio ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 265-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. O'Malley
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Extant Version ◽  
First Time

The discourse of Giles of Viterbo (1469–1532) on the Golden Age is here published for the first time. It is edited from what seems to be the only extant version, found in manuscript in the Biblioteca Pública e Arquivo Distrital of Évora, Portugal. The discourse was delivered by Giles in a somewhat different form in Saint Peter's basilica in Rome on Dec. 21, 1507, at the request of Pope Julius II and in his presence. The king of Portugal, Manuel I (1495–1521), had written to Julius from Abrantes under date of Sept. 25, 1507, to announce to him some great news. The king, recently informed of three important events regarding his interests in the Far East, now wanted to communicate his information to the pope: the Portuguese, under the leadership of Lourenço de Almeida (?-1508) had landed in Ceylon and obtained from the most powerful ruler there an agreement to pay an annual tribute to the Portuguese crown; on March 18, 1506, de Almeida won an important naval victory over the Zamorin of Calicut; and in the same year another Portuguese fleet discovered the island of Madagascar.

scholarly journals Mythological context of folk etymology: hydronyms and oronyms in the Khakass non-fairy prose

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
V. V. Mindibekova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
White River ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The People ◽  
Unique Material ◽  
Rivers And Lakes ◽  
Specific Meaning ◽  
The Rich ◽  
First Time

The author analyzes the main types of plots of toponymic legends that have become wide-spread among the Khakass people and are of artistic and historical value. The toponymic space of the Khakass non-fairy prose is considered for the first time. Of particular interest are the toponymic legends about rivers and lakes. The toponymic legends about the mountains are no less diverse in their composition. Stories explaining the origin of the names of various ob-jects in the area play a significant role in the non-fairy prose. The research is based on the ma-terial of the volume “Khakas non-fairy prose” of the academic series “Monuments of Folklore of the Peoples of Siberia and the Far East” (2016). The study has identified the genre, textological and linguistic features of toponymic legends. Toponyms reflect the geographical features of the area. The legends contain terms reflecting flora and fauna of the steppe area and the rich world of nature. The image plays an important role in characterizing the topo-nyms and distinguishing between natural objects (the rivers Кim “Yenisei,” Agban “Abakan,” Ah Uus “White River,” Khara Uus “Black River,” Saraa adai kol “Lake of the Yellow Dog”). Toponyms can also include numbers with a specific meaning. Toponymic legends are consid-ered to be one of the most important sources for studying the material and spiritual culture of the people. Folklore toponyms are extremely rich and unique material, which can be used to investigate the toponymic system of the non-fairy prose of the Khakass people.

scholarly journals Characteristic features of soybean varieties of the Khabarovsk selection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.Л. ШЕПЕЛЬ ◽  
В.О. КОМОЛЫХ ◽  
М.П. ЗВОЛИМБОВСКАЯ
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Monsoon Climate ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
East Region ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
First Time ◽  
Research Institute

Приведена историческая справка по селекции сои в Дальневосточном научно-исследовательском институте сельского хозяйства, начиная с 1938 г. В 2018 г. впервые проведена сравнительная оценка сортов сои хабаровской селекции по биологическим и технологическим параметрам, изучен биохимический состав семян. Представлены сорта различного направления использования – пищевого, кормового, универсального. За годы успешной селекции создана линейка сортов с разным периодом вегетации – от среднескороспелых (Марината, Антон Толпышев) до среднепозднеспелых (Батя, Иван Караманов, Учитель); с высокой устойчивостью к полеганию (0 баллов) и имеющие прикрепление первого боба на высоте от 8,0 см и более. Среди сортов присутствуют как мелкосемянные (МОК, масса 1000 семян 79,5 г), так и крупносемянные (Учитель, масса 1000 семян 253,8 г). Высокое содержание белка отмечено у сортов Хабаровская 117 (42,1 %), Хабаровская 01 (41,3 %), Мария (40,9 %), Хабаровская 4 (40,7 %), ПИМ-95 (40,7 %), МОК (40,7 %), Учитель (40,3 %); среди кормовых сортов – у Черной кормовой (41,2 %) и Л-74-10 (40,7 %). Сорта Иван Караманов и Салтус рекомендуются как масличные. Сорта Локус, МОК, Пим-95, ВАЗ-100 пригодны для получения функциональных продуктов. Предлагаемые современные сорта сои ДВ НИИСХ в условиях муссонного климата обладают высокой продуктивностью, высокотехнологичны в производстве и являются основой для увеличения валового производства сои в Дальневосточном регионе. The historical information on soybean breeding at the Far East Research Institute of Agriculture, from 1938 to the present day, is provided. In 2018, for the first time, a comparative assessment of soybean varieties of the Khabarovsk selection by biological and technological parameters was carried out, the biochemical composition of seeds was studied. Varieties of various directions of use are presented – food, feed, universal. Over the years of successful breeding, a line of varieties with a different growing season has been created – from mid-season (Marinata, Anton Tolpyshev) to mid-late (Batya, Ivan Karamanov, Uchitel); with high resistance to lodging (0 points) and having the attachment of the first bean from 8.0 cm or more. Among the varieties there are both small-seeded (MOK, weight of 1000 seeds 79.5 g), and large-seeded (Uchitel, weight of 1000 seeds 253.8 g). High protein content was observed in the varieties Khabarovskaya 117 (42.1 %), Khabarovskaya 01 (41.3 %), Maria (40.9 %), Khabarovskaya 4 (40.7 %), PIM-95 (40.7 %), MOK (40.7 %), Uchitel (40.3 %); among fodder varieties – Black fodder (41.2 %) and L-74-10 (40.7 %). Varieties Ivan Karamanov and Saltus are recommended as oilseeds. Varieties Locus, MOK, Pim-95, VAZ-100 are suitable for obtaining functional products. The modern soybean varieties offered by the Far East Research Institute of Agriculture in the monsoon climate are highly productive, high-tech in production, and are the basis for increasing gross soybean production in the Far East Region.

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