The graphic heritage by Ferdinand Hodler in Swiss collections

Данная статья посвящена изучению графического наследия Фердинанда Ходлера. Эта часть творчества швейцарского художника малознакома отечественным исследователям и практически не изучалась. Впервые в отечественной искусствоведческой науке автор предпринимает попытку заполнить эту лакуну в изучении наследия знаменитого европейского мастера. Целью данной работы является намерение высветить и кратко охарактеризовать основные собрания, систематизировать рисунки и наброски по тематическому и функциональному признаку и проанализировать их с точки зрения стилистической эволюции, художественной направленности и техники исполнения. В швейцарских музейных и частных собраниях в Цюрихе, Берне, Женеве, Базеле, Веве и других местах сохранено несколько тысяч рисунков и набросков Ходлера. Они высвечивают эволюцию художественного языка мастера от натурного наблюдения и научного изучения формы к созданию идеализированных образов, образов-символов, актуальных для вызовов искусства рубежа XIX–XX веков. Как показывают швейцарские собрания, рисунки художника преимущественно являлись композиционной и исследовательской частью работы над символистскими холстами, монументальными работами, портретами и пейзажами. С точки зрения типологии им применялись быстрые наброски и штудии, многочисленные композиционные и комбинаторские варианты одной темы, которые складывались в серии и циклы. Главным выразительным элементом графики Ходлера являлась экспрессивная и мощная линия. Новизна его художественного мышления состояла в применении теории параллелизма. Художник организовывал формы в своеобразные субъективные орнаментальные коды. В рисунках Ходлер проявил себя одновременно как классик в смысле отношения к форме и как модернист в плане художественно-аналитического подхода к работе над композицией. Швейцарские собрания графического наследия позволяют осмыслить творческий метод художника, так же как и эволюцию его творчества в целом. Философский, композиционный и технический опыт Фердинанда Ходлера, сконцентрированный в его графическом наследии, по-прежнему актуален для теоретиков и практиков изобразительного искусства. This article explores the graphic heritage of Ferdinand Hodler. This part of the work of the Swiss artist is insufficiently known to the domestic researchers and has practically not been studied. For the first time in the domestic art science, the author tries to fill this gap in the studies of the heritage of the famous European master. The purpose of this work is to highlight and briefly describe the main collections, systematize drawings and sketches according to thematic and functional characteristics and analyze them from the point of view of the stylistic evolution, the artistic direction and the execution technique. Several thousands of Hodler's drawings and sketches have been preserved in Swiss museums and private collections in Zurich, Bern, Geneva, Basel, Vevey and other places. They highlight the evolution of the artistic language of the master from natural observation and the scientific study of form to the creation of idealized images, images-symbols that are relevant to the challenges of art at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. As shown in the Swiss collections, the drawings of the artist were mainly an integral compositional and exploratory part of the work on the Symbolist canvases, monumental works, portraits, and landscapes. From the point of view of typology, he used the quick sketches and studies, numerous compositional and combinatorial versions of the same theme, which took shape in series and cycles. The main expressive element of Hodler's graphics is the expressive and powerful line. The novelty of his artistic thinking was in application of the theory of parallelism. The artist organized forms into peculiar subjective ornamental codes. In his drawings, Hodler showed himself both as a classic in terms of his attitude to the form and as a modernist in terms of his artistic and analytical approach to work on composition. The Swiss collections of Hodler's graphic heritage allow us to comprehend the artistic method of the artist, as well as the evolution of his work in general. The philosophical, compositional, technical experience of Ferdinand Hodler, concentrated in his graphic heritage, is still relevant for theorists and practitioners of the visual arts.

SPECIFICITY OF COMPLETING ACROBATIC JUMPS BY BACHELOR STUDENTS IN THE GENRE "CIRCUS ACROBATICS"

The article analyzes acrobatic jumps in the genre "Circus acrobatics", the discipline "Professional training in the genre − Acrobatics". Indicated their specificity, types, features of implementation, as well as errors that may be present in the learning process for students of the educational degree "Bachelor", specialty 026 Performing arts, educational professional program "Circus genres". Clarified characteristics of jumps, methodology for their implementation. Examples of injury prevention and avoidance of gross professional mistakes are recommended. Key words: circus acrobatics, acrobatics, circus genres, acrobatic jumps, execution technique, vocational training.

Spectroscopic Investigation of Wall Paintings in the Alhambra Monumental Ensemble: Decorations with Red Bricks

The Alhambra Monumental Ensemble (Granada, Spain) is a unique well-preserved palatine city from the medieval Islamic period, and it constitutes the best example of Nasrid architecture. In this work, we focus on the study of one of its most unknown decorations: Wall paintings with the appearance of red bricks. These faux-brick decorations are found in many different locations within the Alhambra complex, including both exterior and interior walls, arches and vaults. We have considered locations from different Nasrid reigns to gain information about their characteristics in terms of materials, execution techniques and conservation state. They have been studied combining a non-invasive methodology using portable equipment (X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Raman spectroscopy) with complementary studies on selected samples (Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Raman microimaging). In general, those located in the exterior are poorly preserved, in contrast with the good conservation state of the interior motifs. The red rectangles of these decorations were painted over a white finishing layer, which acted also as the edge lines between these false bricks. The red colour was always due to hematite (α-Fe2O3), as revealed by its characteristic Raman bands. The use of a natural red ochre pigment (very abundant in the region) could be hypothesised considering XRF and SEM-EDS results. In general, the white layer was made of lime mortar and the presence of CaCO3 in the painting layers suggests the use of lime-based techniques (either fresco or mezzo fresco). Only in one of the indoor locations, a different execution technique, based on gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) plaster, was used. The identification of calcium oxalate in this location, in the form of weddellite (CaC2O4·2H2O), can be interpreted as the result of organic binder degradation. Furthermore, superficial contamination with gypsum was always detected in outdoor locations.

Certified Abstract Cost Analysis

A program containing placeholders for unspecified statements or expressions is called an abstract (or schematic) program. Placeholder symbols occur naturally in program transformation rules, as used in refactoring, compilation, optimization, or parallelization. We present a generalization of automated cost analysis that can handle abstract programs and, hence, can analyze the impact on the cost of program transformations. This kind of relational property requires provably precise cost bounds which are not always produced by cost analysis. Therefore, we certify by deductive verification that the inferred abstract cost bounds are correct and sufficiently precise. It is the first approach solving this problem. Both, abstract cost analysis and certification, are based on quantitative abstract execution (QAE) which in turn is a variation of abstract execution, a recently developed symbolic execution technique for abstract programs. To realize QAE the new concept of a cost invariant is introduced. QAE is implemented and runs fully automatically on a benchmark set consisting of representative optimization rules.

Coupled Relational Symbolic Execution for Differential Privacy

Differential privacy is a de facto standard in data privacy with applications in the private and public sectors. Most of the techniques that achieve differential privacy are based on a judicious use of randomness. However, reasoning about randomized programs is difficult and error prone. For this reason, several techniques have been recently proposed to support designer in proving programs differentially private or in finding violations to it.In this work we propose a technique based on symbolic execution for reasoning about differential privacy. Symbolic execution is a classic technique used for testing, counterexample generation and to prove absence of bugs. Here we use symbolic execution to support these tasks specifically for differential privacy. To achieve this goal, we design a relational symbolic execution technique which supports reasoning about probabilistic coupling, a formal notion that has been shown useful to structure proofs of differential privacy. We show how our technique can be used to both verify and find violations to differential privacy.

Conservation and virtual reconstruction of the Lucanian Paintings from the National Archaeological Museum of Paestum (ITALY)

This contribution presents the restoration and virtual reconstruction of a painted tomb from the Lucan period (4th century BC), now dismounted and kept in the deposits of the National Archaeological Museum of Paestum. The virtual reconstruction that was carried out is based on several elements: identification of traces of the original color on the surfaces; pigment analysis; study of the execution technique; iconographic comparison with other painted pieces of the same corpus and reconstruction by levels (colored backgrounds, decorative elements; figurative elements). The video, which illustrates both the restoration intervention of the tomb and the virtual reconstruction, was presented at the RECH5 conference and it can be seen at: https://www.facebook.com/officinabeniculturali.info/videos/200967307895086. It shows the different phases of the restoration work, such as cleaning and consolidation, and the subsequent reintegration of the virtual models, presenting how the intervention was carried out in a way that respects the authenticity of the work.

Modeling execution techniques of inscriptions1

The paper discusses a small ontology to describe the features of the execution techniques of inscriptions, based on a recent contribution discussing the classification methodologies. The modeling is done on the basis of existing recent attempts to model epigraphic documents and not on a general evaluation of existing ontologies. The ontology described is used in parallel to enrich and further structure the EAGLE Vocabularies for Execution Technique, which uses SKOS, with possibly immediate impact on the many projects using the concepts contained there.

PUBLIC RELATIONS DEVELOPMENT IN ESPORTS

Purpose of Research. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the compliance of public relations in eSports with the practice of competitive activity and special preparation for this activity. Research Methods. The authors used content analysis of materials available on the Russian eSports Federation website. Research results. Public relations in eSports contribute to the development of competitive activity and special preparation for this activity. Conclusion. The article substantiates the necessity of further development of public relations in eSports related to specific training methodology and execution technique for game tasks. It is necessary to refine technical, tactical and mental training by using better quality inventory and equipment, as well as the economic incentives of the competition system.