FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO CAPIVARA, BOTUCATU-SP

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Daniela Polizeli Traficante ◽  
Sérgio Campos ◽  
Rodrigo Lillla Manzione ◽  
Bruno Timóteo Rodrigues

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a fragilidade ambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Capivara, Botucatu-SP. Foram utilizados os atributos uso da terra, solos, declividade e geologia através da Combinação Linear Ponderada (álgebra de mapas) em que cada um foi considerado um fator condicionante à fragilidade ambiental. A normalização dos fatores se deu pelas classes de fragilidade com notas variando de um a cinco, de muito baixa à muito alta, respectivamente, e a determinação dos pesos pelo método do Processo Hierárquico Analítico. Os resultados indicaram que a bacia apresentou altos índices de fragilidade, em 90,4% de sua área total, tendo o uso da terra ocupado pelas áreas de pastagens degradadas como o maior vetor de pressão. Somente 9,6% da área total da bacia foi classificada com baixos índices de fragilidade onde estão as áreas com cobertura florestal (nativas e reflorestamento de eucalipto) mata ciliares e as áreas de várzea. Estes índices de alta fragilidade vêm contribuindo para a redução da disponibilidade hídrica da bacia como consequência da falta de planejamento ambiental e exploração desordenada dos recursos naturais.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Análise Multicriterial, EASY AHP, SIG, Planejamento Ambiental. ENVIRONMENTAL FRAGILITY IN CAPIVARA RIVER WATERSHEDABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to identify the environmental fragility of Capivara River Watershed, Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Attributes like land use, soil, slope and geology were combined through weighted linear combination (map algebra) in which each of them was considered a conditioning factor to the environmental fragility. Factors standardization was given through the fragility classes with grades ranging from one to five, very low to very high, respectively, and the determination of weights by the Analytical Hierarchy Process method. The results indicated that the Capivara River Watershed showed high levels of fragility, with 90.4% of total area, and the land use occupied by degraded pastures was the greatest pressure vector for these high rates. Only 9.6% of the basin total area were classified as low fragility indexes, which are the areas with forest cover (natives and eucalyptus forest), riparian forest and lowland areas. These high fragility indexes have contributed to the reduction of water availability in basin because of lack of environmental planning and uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources.KEYWORDS: Multi-Criteria Analysis, EASY AHP, GIS, Environmental Planning.

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 589
Author(s):  
Luciano Cavalcante de Jesus França ◽  
Danielle Piuzana Mucida ◽  
Marcelino Santos De Morais ◽  
Humberto Catuzzo ◽  
João Luís Ramalho Abegão ◽  
...  

A fragmentação de ecossistemas é uma das implicações do processo de uso e ocupação antrópico da terra, especialmente em paisagens alteradas por cultivos agrícolas ou florestais. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo objetivou determinar a fragilidade ambiental do município de Capelinha, Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, Brasil, utilizando-se da técnica de avaliação por múltiplos critérios por meio do software ArcGIS™ 10.3.1 e do método de hierarquização para tomadas de decisões Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Após gerados os mapas de classes de declividade, solos, hierarquia fluvial, domínios geológicos, pluviosidade e uso atual da terra, foram atribuídos pesos de fragilidade para cada um dos fatores, estabelecidos com base em metodologia clássica, sendo eles: (I) Baixa, (II) Levemente Baixa, (II) Média, (IV) Alta e (V) Extremamente Alta.  A partir da Combinação Linear Ponderada e álgebra de mapas, foram geradas as cartas de fragilidade ambiental potencial e emergente. A metodologia mostrou-se adequada, apoiada no método AHP na definição dos sítios de maior e menor fragilidade. Os mapas aqui gerados, embora sejam uma generalização da possível condição de fragilidade ambiental da área de estudo e, não da realidade em si, todavia, poderão apoiar estratégias de uso da terra para a restauração ambiental e fornecer introspecções para ordenamento territorial.Palavras-chave: manejo de ecossistemas; planejamento ambiental; restauração ambiental; álgebra de mapas; sistema de informações geográficas. ZONING ENVIRONMENTAL FRAGILITY OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPIZED ECOSYSTEMS BY MULTICRITERIA EVALUATION ABSTRACT: Fragmentation of ecosystems is one of the implications of the land use and the occupation process, especially in landscapes altered by agricultural or forestry crops. In this context, the present study aimed to determine the environmental fragility of the Capelinha municipality, Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil, by a multiple criteria evaluation technique using ArcGIS ™ software 10.3.1 and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). After generating maps of slope classes, soils, river hierarchy, geological domains, rainfall and current land use, weights of fragility were assigned to each of the factors, established based on classical methodology, those being: (I) (II) Slightly Low, (II) Medium, (IV) High and (V) Extremely High. Through Weighted Linear Combination and map algebra, maps of potential and emergent environmental fragility were generated. The methodology was commensurate to the task, which was supported by the AHP method and observation of the characteristics occurrences of the variables that corroborated with the sites of greater or lesser fragility. The maps generated here may support and enhance land use strategies for environmental restoration, as well as providing insights on spatial planning and management of environmental services.Keywords: ecosystem management; environmental planning; environmental restoration; map algebra; geographic information system.


2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1619) ◽  
pp. 20120153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia N. Macedo ◽  
Michael T. Coe ◽  
Ruth DeFries ◽  
Maria Uriarte ◽  
Paulo M. Brando ◽  
...  

Large-scale cattle and crop production are the primary drivers of deforestation in the Amazon today. Such land-use changes can degrade stream ecosystems by reducing connectivity, changing light and nutrient inputs, and altering the quantity and quality of streamwater. This study integrates field data from 12 catchments with satellite-derived information for the 176 000 km 2 upper Xingu watershed (Mato Grosso, Brazil). We quantify recent land-use transitions and evaluate the influence of land management on streamwater temperature, an important determinant of habitat quality in small streams. By 2010, over 40 per cent of catchments outside protected areas were dominated (greater than 60% of area) by agriculture, with an estimated 10 000 impoundments in the upper Xingu. Streams in pasture and soya bean watersheds were significantly warmer than those in forested watersheds, with average daily maxima over 4°C higher in pasture and 3°C higher in soya bean. The upstream density of impoundments and riparian forest cover accounted for 43 per cent of the variation in temperature. Scaling up, our model suggests that management practices associated with recent agricultural expansion may have already increased headwater stream temperatures across the Xingu. Although increased temperatures could negatively impact stream biota, conserving or restoring riparian buffers could reduce predicted warming by as much as fivefold.


Author(s):  
Mikko Tolkkinen ◽  
Saku Vaarala ◽  
Jukka Aroviita

AbstractForested riparian corridors are a key management solution for halting the global trend of declining ecological status of freshwater ecosystems. There is an increasing body of evidence related to the efficacy of these corridors at the local scale, but knowledge is inadequate concerning the effectiveness of riparian forests in terms of protecting streams from harmful impacts across larger scales. In this study, nationwide assessment results comprising more than 900 river water bodies in Finland were used to examine the importance of adjacent land use to river ecological status estimates. Random forest models and partial dependence functions were used to quantify the independent effect of adjacent land use on river ecological status after accounting for the effects of other factors. The proportion of adjacent forested land along a river had the strongest independent positive effect on ecological status for small to medium size rivers that were in agricultural landscapes. Ecological quality increased by almost one status class when the adjacent forest cover increased from 10 to 60%. In contrast, for large rivers, adjacent forested land did not show an independent positive effect on ecological status. This study has major implications for managing river basins to achieve the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) goal of obtaining good ecological status of rivers. The results from the nationwide assessment demonstrate that forested riparian zones can have an independent positive effect on the ecological status of rivers, indicating the importance of riparian forests in mitigating the impacts of catchment-level stressors. Therefore, forested buffer zones should be more strongly considered as part of river basin management.


2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Kotresha K. ◽  
Indra Jit Singh

The forests are the source for many essential requirements such as fuel wood, timber, raw materials for paper and above all, it helps us to maintain the CO2 /O2 balance in nature. Sustainable forest management requires reliable information. The aerial photographs and GIS data information can generate various scenarios for forest management plans at local, national and global scales. IKONOS is the world first one-meter resolution commercial imaging satellite. The interpretation of aerial photograph and satellite data are of great benefit for neighboring and regional land use, forest mapping, to find change detection and are effective for large are inventories, forest planning etc. In the present study, an attempt has been made to classify the FRI forest in to 11-forest cover and land use classes. The major chunk of forest consists of Pine forest, which occupy 94.04 ha and 143.20 ha of the total forest area during 1973 and 2001, respectively. It is followed by mixed forest with 53.31 ha (1973) and 5.50 ha (2001), and Teak with 17.68 ha (1973) and 8.49 ha (2001). The Sal forest showed an increase in forest cover from 4.83 ha (1973) to 5.39 ha (2001). Similarly Eucalyptus forest showed a forest cover of 1.84 ha in 2001, which was not seen in the year 1973. The constructions also showed an increase from 3.14 ha in 1973 to 24.68 ha in 2001 and in case of nursery and miscellaneous (scrub), there has been increasing in total forest cover. The IKONOS image of 2001 surprisingly showed no change in Champa forest cover. Decrease in forest cover of Teak, Sal and Mixed forest must have been due to felling of trees for logging purposes and their forest cover might have been replaced by scrub vegetation (miscellaneous) , construction, Eucalyptus plantation and nursery. The results of the present project showed changes in terms of area coverage by the forest types, which helps us to assess future prospects of the forestland use pattern.


1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Steedman

A multivariate measure of stream quality, the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI), was adapted to southern Ontario and calibrated to watershed land use on a variety of spatial scales. The fish fauna at 209 stream locations on 10 watersheds near Toronto, Ontario, was sampled with a backpack electrofisher in the summers of 1984 and 1985 to provide biological information for the IBI. Watershed urbanization, forest cover, and riparian forest were measured from 1:50,000 scale topographic maps and related to IBI estimates by linear regression. Of the biological measures tested, species richness, local indicator species (brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Rhinichthys spp.), abundance of large piscivores, fish abundance, and incidence of blackspot disease were found to contribute significantly to IBI estimates. Variation in IBI estimates at the same location ranged from 0 to 8% within the sample season and from 0 to 24% between years. Linear models based on measures of watershed urbanization and forest cover accounted for 11–78% of the variation in IBI scores, depending on the spatial scale of the analysis. Significant IBI/land use relationships were found with whole-basin IBI estimates and for IBI estimates from individual stream reaches. Land use immediately upstream of sample stations was most strongly associated with stream quality as measured by the IBI.


1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Kleiman ◽  
D L Erickson

In this research we address factors contributing to landscape change in a midwestern (USA) watershed. Specifically, the relationship between the parcelization of agricultural land (ownership subdivisions) and changes in amounts of riparian forest cover are explored. The study area is the River Raisin Watershed in southeastern Michigan, which is typical of rural watersheds in the lower Great Lakes region. Two townships within the watershed were sampled from data spanning a 20-year time period. Using land-use and land-cover data for 1968, 1978, and 1988, combined with ownership records for the same years, we determined a relationship between rates of parcelization and changes in forest cover. These findings indicate that increasing trends in riparian forest area follow increases in land parcelization at the township scale. For these two townships, agricultural decline and land-use diversification seem positively related to larger areas and widths of riparian forests. As the number of acres being farmed and the number of farms have decreased, the land has been divided into more and smaller lots and the forests along rivers like the Raisin and its tributaries have increased in area. There are several possible factors at the township and farm scale which may influence this landscape phenomenon, including land-use policies, governmental programs, agricultural mechanization, and agricultural economics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
Witold Bochenek ◽  
Małgorzata Kijowska-Strugała

Water flow in the Polish Carpathians was exemplified by long-term (1988‑2017) analysis of two foothill catchments (of the Skawinka and Stobnica) and two catchments in the Beskidy Mountains (of the Soła and Osława). The work allowed for the determination of the duration of low flows and outflow deficits in relation to changes in thermal and precipitation conditions, as well as land use and land cover. In the selected catchments, the 30-year period brought a decrease in the area of arable land and an increase in the area of grassland and forest. In addition built-up areas increased by 495% between 1990 and 2018. A greater susceptibility to the occurrence of total drought was noted for the Beskidy Mountains catchments, in which the duration of low flows and outflow deficit was greater than in the foothill catchments. At the same time, the mountain catchments proved less susceptible to the emergence of deep drought, on account of their higher levels of forest cover and levels of soil permeability. In regional terms, the durations of low flows and outflow deficits were greater in the catchments located in the eastern part of the Carpathians (those of the Stobnica and Osława), in line with this area’s intensified features of a continental climate.


Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Eduardo Mendes de Brito ◽  
Kaline De Mello ◽  
Danilo Ribeiro da Costa ◽  
Luiz Carlos de Faria ◽  
Roberta Averna Valente

GEOTECNOLOGIAS APLICADAS AO ESTUDO DO CONFLITO DE USO DO SOLO VISANDO O PLANEJAMENTO AMBIENTAL  EDUARDO MENDES DE BRITO1; KALINE DE MELLO2; DANILO RIBEIRO DA COSTA3; LUIZ CARLOS DE FARIA4 E ROBERTA AVERNA VALENTE5  1 Eng. Florestal, Rua Antônio Aparecido Ferraz, 73, 18052-280, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil; [email protected] Bióloga, doutoranda em Engenharia de Sistemas Agrícolas, Departamento de Biossistemas, ESALQ – USP, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil; [email protected] Eng. Florestal, doutorando em Planejamento e Uso de Recursos Renováveis, Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, UFSCar Sorocaba, Rod. João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil; [email protected] Eng. Florestal, Prof. Adjunto do Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, UFSCar Sorocaba, Rod. João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil;  [email protected] Eng. Florestal, Profa. Adjunta do Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, UFSCar Sorocaba, Rod. João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil; [email protected]  1 RESUMO A cobertura florestal nativa em bacias hidrográficas pode contribuir para a manutenção da qualidade dos recursos hídricos, porém a crescente expansão agrícola no Brasil ameaça a conservação dos ambientes naturais e o fornecimento dos serviços ecossistêmicos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo diagnosticar o conflito de uso do solo em Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) nas cabeceiras do rio Piraporinha, no município de Piedade-SP, visando o planejamento ambiental para a manutenção dos recursos hídricos. Para tanto, foi elaborado o mapa de uso e cobertura do solo das duas microbacias da cabeceira do rio Pirapora. Por meio de geotecnologias foram delimitadas as APPs de nascentes, cursos de água, reservatórios, encostas, topos de morros e áreas de uso restrito. A classe florestal foi a predominante nas microbacias (57,05%), seguida por cultura temporária (24,24%) e pastagem (11,65%). As APPs apresentaram valor alto de cobertura florestal (73,82%) bem como as áreas de uso restrito (89%). As classes cultura temporária e pastagem apresentaram valores próximos a 8% nas APPs e 5% nas áreas de uso restrito. As APPs das microbacias em estudo representam 21,22 % da área total, sendo que 81,86% encontra-se em conformidade com a legislação ambiental, ressaltando a importância dessas microbacias para a manutenção da qualidade dos recursos hídricos nessa região. Palavras-chave: Áreas de Preservação Permanente; SIG; Recursos hídricos; Código Florestal.  BRITO, E.M.; MELLO, K.; COSTA, D.R.; FARIA, L.C.; VALENTE, R.A.GEOTECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO THE STUDY OF LAND USE CONFLICTS AIMING ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING  2 ABSTRACT The forest cover in watersheds can contribute to maintain water resources quality, but the agricultural expansion in Brazil threatens the conservation of natural environments and the ecosystem services provision. This study aimed to diagnose land use conflicts in Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs) in Piraporinha River headwaters, city of Piedade, State of São Paulo, particularly the environmental planning of water resources management. Therefore, land use and cover map of the two watersheds in Piraporinha River headwaters were prepared. Geotechnology tools were used to delimit the APPs in terms of sources, watercourses, reservoirs, slopes, hilltops and areas of restricted use. The forest class was predominant in watersheds (57.05%), followed by annual crop (24.24%) and pasture (11.65%). The APPs showed high value of forest cover (73.82%) as well as areas of restricted use (89%). The annual crop and pasture classes showed values close to 8% in APPs and 5% in areas of restricted use. The APPs of the studied watersheds represent 21.22% of the total area, of which 81.86% is in accordance with the environmental legislation, emphasizing the importance of these watersheds to the maintenance of water resources quality in this region. Keywords: Permanent Preservation Area; GIS; water resources; Brazilian Forest Code. 


Author(s):  
Hayley S. Gotwald ◽  
J. Brian Alford

We evaluated the potential of using fish species and functional traits as indicators of land use impacts to fish assemblages. We used environmental data collected at multiple spatial scales (local, reach, and upstream catchment) for 19 tributary and main stem sites in the Nolichucky River watershed in Tennessee. Canonical correspondence analyses showed that temperature, elevation, specific conductivity, sediment yield, impervious surfaces, and row crop cover at the catchment scale were strongly associated with fish assemblage structure, as well as forest cover from all three spatial scales. Blocked indicator species analysis, with stream size as the block, showed that significantly strong indicators of the least-impacted riparian land use condition (≥60% forest cover) were Saffron Shiner (Notropis rubricroceus), Rainbow Trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss), Longnose Dace (Rhynichthys cataractae), Creek Chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), and Mottled Sculpin (Cottus bairdi). Traits indicative of the least-impacted sites were the herbivorous trophic guild, mean female age-at-maturity, longevity, rock-gravel spawners, montane geology and pelagic swimmers. Specific conductivity was strongly related to multiple catchment-scale land use variables, and was a strong local-scale influence on fish assemblage structure. Our results show promise for using a relatively common but endemic southern Appalachian fish species, the Saffron Shiner, as an indicator for land-use related impacts to these streams.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 499-511
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Lacerda Brito Neto ◽  
Cristiano Tagliaferre ◽  
Odair Lacerda Lemos ◽  
Felizardo Adenilson Rocha ◽  
Alessandro de Paula ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT The spatial analysis of watersheds, as well as the evaluation off the changes occurring in their catchment area along the time are essential for the qualification of environmental changes. This study aims to characterize morphometrically the Pardo river watershed, as well as to evaluate the changes in soil use and occupation occurring between 2001 and 2016. The morphometric analysis consisted of the determination of the geometric parameters, relief information and drainage network using Geographic Information Systems. The land use and occupation information was collected through data from the online mapping platform of the Brazilian Mapping and Land Use Mapping (MapBiomas). According to the results, morphometry indicated that the watershed has low propensity to flood occurrence and tendency to conservation; great part of its area is between 600 and 1000 m of altitude, with predominance of undulating and soft-undulating slopes. The analysis of land use and occupation showed that the area devoted to agricultural activities increased during the period evaluated and occupies most of the basin, while the area of ??forests was reduced, the second in size, and these two classes occupy more than 96 % of catchment area.


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