The Role of the A1166C Polymorphism of the Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1 (AGT2R1) Gene in the Formation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Young Men and Women Living in the European North of Russia

Background: Severity of stenosis remains the main factor for assessing risk of stroke in patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) disease. This study was conducted to investigate the association of plaque echostructure and other established and emerging cardiovascular risk factors with symptomatic ICA disease. Design: Cross-sectional study of consecutive patients with significant (> 50 %) ICA stenosis. Patients and methods: Carotid plaque echostructure, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, vitamin B12, folate, cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and the Framingham risk score were assessed in 124 consecutive patients (70 asymptomatic; 54 symptomatic) with significant (> 50 %) ICA stenosis. Results: The asymptomatic and symptomatic groups did not differ in terms of gender distribution (p = 0.76) and severity of stenosis (p = 0.62). Echolucent plaques (type 1 and 2) were more predominant in patients with symptomatic disease (p = 0.004, OR = 2.13, 95 % CI = 1.26-3.6). Patients with plaques type 1 were relatively younger than those with type 4 (p = 0.02). None of the other factors assessed had any significant association with symptomatic disease and any type of carotid plaque. Conclusions: Besides the severity of carotid stenosis, the presence of an echolucent plaque appears as an important factor associated with symptomatic ICA disease. Also, young patients are more likely to have an echolucent plaque suggesting an age-related association with plaque maturation.

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4-OR: Diabetes Duration and the Relative Importance of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 1 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db20-4-or ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 4-OR

Author(s):

ELKE R. FAHRMANN ◽

HENRY DRISCOLL

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Diabetes Duration ◽

Relative Importance

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Nontraditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes

Current Diabetes Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573399812666161201205322 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Robert P. Hoffman

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes

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Premature STEMI in Men and Women: Current Clinical Features and Improvements in Management and Prognosis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10061314 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1314

Author(s):

Rebeca Lorca ◽

Isaac Pascual ◽

Andrea Aparicio ◽

Alejandro Junco-Vicente ◽

Rut Alvarez-Velasco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

General Population ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Young Women ◽

Artery Dissection ◽

Men And Women ◽

High Prevalence

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most frequent cause of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Etiopathogenic and prognostic characteristics in young patients may differ from older patients and young women may present worse outcomes than men. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of men and women with premature STEMI. Methods: A total 1404 consecutive patients were referred to our institution for emergency cardiac catheterization due to STEMI suspicion (1 January 2014–31 December 2018). Patients with confirmed premature (<55 years old in men and <60 in women) STEMI (366 patients, 83% men and 17% women) were included (359 atherothrombotic and 7 spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD)). Results: Premature STEMI patients had a high prevalence of classical cardiovascular risk factors. Mean follow-up was 4.1 years (±1.75 SD). Mortality rates, re-hospitalization, and hospital stay showed no significant differences between sexes. More than 10% of women with premature STEMI suffered SCAD. There were no significant differences between sexes, neither among cholesterol levels nor in hypolipemiant therapy. The global survival rates were similar to that expected in the general population of the same sex and age in our region with a significantly higher excess of mortality at 6 years among men compared with the general population. Conclusion: Our results showed a high incidence of cardiovascular risk factors, a high prevalence of SCAD among young women, and a generally good prognosis after standardized treatment. During follow-up, 23% suffered a major cardiovascular event (MACE), without significant differences between sexes and observed survival at 1, 3, and 6 years of follow-up was 96.57% (95% CI 94.04–98.04), 95.64% (95% CI 92.87–97.35), and 94.5% (95% CI 91.12–97.66). An extra effort to prevent/delay STEMI should be invested focusing on smoking avoidance and optimal hypolipemiant treatment both in primary and secondary prevention.

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Impact of Fat Intake on Blood Glucose Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082625 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2625

Author(s):

Chiara Garonzi ◽

Gun Forsander ◽

Claudio Maffeis

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Specific Role ◽

Fat Intake ◽

High Fat

Nutrition therapy is a cornerstone of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management. Glycemic control is affected by diet composition, which can contribute to the development of diabetes complications. However, the specific role of macronutrients is still debated, particularly fat intake. This review aims at assessing the relationship between fat intake and glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation, and microbiota, in children and adolescents with T1D. High fat meals are followed by delayed and prolonged hyperglycemia and higher glycated hemoglobin A1c levels have been frequently reported in individuals with T1D consuming high amounts of fat. High fat intake has also been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, which is higher in people with diabetes than in healthy subjects. Finally, high fat meals lead to postprandial pro-inflammatory responses through different mechanisms, including gut microbiota modifications. Different fatty acids were proposed to have a specific role in metabolic regulation, however, further investigation is still necessary. In conclusion, available evidence suggests that a high fat intake should be avoided by children and adolescents with T1D, who should be encouraged to adhere to a healthy and balanced diet, as suggested by ISPAD and ADA recommendations. This nutritional choice might be beneficial for reducing cardiovascular risk and inflammation.

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Sex-specific reference values and determinants of infra-renal abdominal aortic diameter among women and men from general population

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2841 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

F Zhu ◽

B Arshi ◽

M Ikram ◽

R De Knegt ◽

M Kavousi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

General Population ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Reference Values ◽

Aortic Diameter ◽

Funding Source ◽

Men And Women ◽

Abdominal Aortic

Abstract Introduction Abdominal aortic diameter has shown to be a marker of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Among the non-aneurysmal populations, studies regarding abdominal aortic diameter normal reference values are sparse. Moreover, data regarding the associations between cardiovascular risk factors and aortic diameter among men and women are limited. Purpose To establish age- and sex-specific distribution of the infra-renal abdominal aortic diameters among non-aneurysmal older adults from the general population and to investigate the associations between cardiovascular risk factors and aortic diameters in men and women. Methods From a population-based cohort, 4032 participants (mean age, 67.2 years; 60.4% women) with infra-renal diameter assessment and without history of cardiovascular disease were included. Mean and quantile values of diameters were calculated in different age groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to detect the association of cardiovascular risk factors with diameters in men and women. Results The mean crude diameter was larger in men [mean (SD): 19.5 (2.6) mm] compared to women [17.0 (2.4)mm] but after adjustment for body surface area (BSA), the differences were small. There was a non-linear relationship between age and diameter (p<0.001). After 66 years of age, the increase in diameter with increasing age was attenuated. After age 74 years in women and 71 years in men, the relationship between age and infra-renal aortic diameter was no longer statistically significant (Figure). Waist [standardized β (95% CI): 0.02 (0.0–0.04) in women and 0.03 (0.01–0.06) in men] and diastolic blood pressure [0.04 (0.02–0.05) in women and 0.02 (0.0–0.04) in men] were the risk factors for diameters in both sexes. Body mass index [0.02 (0.01–0.09)], systolic blood pressure [−0.01 (−0.02 to −0.01)], smoking status [0.21 (0.02–0.39)], cholesterol [−0.19 (−0.29 to −0.09)], and lipid-lowering medication [−0.47 (−0.71 to −0.23)] were significantly associated with aortic diameter only in women. Conclusion The differences in the crude abdominal aortic diameter between women and men diminished after taking into account the BSA. The abdominal aortic diameter increased steeply with advancing age and up to 66 years of age. However, after 74 years in women and 71 years in men, the diameter values reached a plateau. We also observed sex differences in the associations of cardiovascular risk factors with abdominal aortic diameter. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Netherlands Organization for the Health Research and Development (ZonMw); the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE)

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Abstract 003: Change in Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated with Weight Gain in the Dallas Heart Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.125.suppl_10.a003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽

Author(s):

Tiffany M Powell ◽

Colby R Ayers ◽

James A de Lemos ◽

Amit Khera ◽

Susan G Lakoski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Average Weight ◽

Men And Women ◽

Significant Weight Gain ◽

Heart Study ◽

Dallas Heart Study ◽

The Impact

Background: Concerning trends in weight gain from 2000-2009 exist in the Dallas Heart Study (DHS), a probability-based sample of Dallas County residents aged 30-65. However, the impact of significant weight gain (≥ 5% increase in body weight) on cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in this contemporary, multi-ethnic population is not known. Methods: We measured weight, LDL-c, blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and fasting glucose (FG) in 2,022 DHS participants (58% female) at study entry in 2000 and in 2009. Using logistic regression stratified by sex and race/ethnicity, we determined the age-adjusted odds of worsening CVRF (any increase in LDL-c, SBP, DBP or FG) for people who gained significant weight compared to those who did not. Results: Among women, 43% (N=500) gained significant weight, compared to 42% of men (N=355). Despite similar average weight gain (9.7±5.8 kg for women vs. 10±5.6 kg for men, p=0.4), women who gained significant weight had almost twice as large an increase in LDL-c (14±34 vs. 8±39 mg/dl, p=0.01) and SBP (12±18 vs. 6±19 mmHg, p<0.001) compared with men who gained significant weight. Increases in DBP (5±10 vs. 4±11 mmHg, p=0.05) and FG (4±29 vs. 2±32 mg/dl, p=0.30) were not significantly different between men and women. Among those with significant weight gain who were not on medications, SBP and LDL-c increases were higher in women compared with men (p<0.05). Differences in the amount of weight gained stratified by race and sex were modest (Table). Black women who gained significant weight were likely to have a worsening of all CVRF, while Hispanic women had the highest likelihood of having an increase in SBP associated with weight gain. In contrast, significant weight gain among men was not associated with worsening CVRF. Conclusions: Significant weight gain was associated with a deleterious impact on CVRF among women but not men. Disparate effects of weight gain between men and women highlight the importance of targeting aggressive weight control interventions toward women to help prevent adverse cardiac outcomes.

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