Hermetia illucens larva (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) meal as a protein ingredient for partial replacement of soybean meal in the feed of Cavia porcellus (Guinea pig): effect on the consumption, weight gain and feed conversion

Abstract This study evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of crambe meal (CM) and its potential to partially replace soybean meal (SM) protein in Nile tilapia diets. The ADC for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, energy, amino acids, calcium and phosphorus of CM were assessed in fish (n=80; 65.30 ± 5.32 g). Subsequently, an 80-day feeding trial was conducted with Nile tilapia (n=140; 6.04 ± 0.25 g) randomly distributed in 20 experimental cages (70 L; seven fish cage-1) allocated in five circular tanks (1000 L) in recirculation water system, to evaluate the effects of replacement of SM by CM (0, 6, 12, 18 and 24% in isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets) on growth, blood parameters, fillet yield and proximal composition. The CM shows good digestibility of protein (0.824) and amino acids (0.844) by Nile tilapia and its inclusion in the diet does not affect carcass and fillet yield or proximal composition. Fish fed diets with 24.0% of the SM replaced by CM showed the worst weight gain and feed conversion rate. The protein efficiency ratio decreased in fish fed diets with 12.0, 18.0 and 24.0% of the SM replaced by CM. Hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, total plasma protein, glucose and alanine aminotransferase enzyme activity trend to increase at highest levels of CM in the diet. In conclusion, CM has potential to replace SM in Nile tilapia diets, due to high digestibility of protein and amino acids. However, anti-nutritional factors present in untreated CM interfere on the growth and nutrient utilization of Nile tilapia.

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Black Soldier Fly (Hermitia illucens) Larvae Meal as Alternative Protein in Broiler Production in Ghana

Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.4314/gjas.v55i1.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

S. Affedzie-obresi ◽

G. Adu-Aboagye ◽

E.K. Nkegbe ◽

N. Asuming-Bediako ◽

K.O. Ansah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Feeding Strategy ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Insect Larvae ◽

Broiler Production ◽

Alternative Protein ◽

Specific Organ ◽

Isocaloric Diets

Feed cost has been a major challenge to the competitiveness of the poultry industry of Ghana due mainly to high cost of proteins. Insect larvae meals seem convenient alternatives however their use on commercial scale is unknown in Ghana. Three 8-week feeding trial using three isonitrogenous, isocaloric diets in a three-phase feeding strategy involving 1320 broiler DOCs was conducted. BSFLM was used as replacement for fishmeal and as partial replacement for soybean meal to determine its effect on broiler productivity, profitability and carcass measurements. The results indicated that replacing fishmeal with BSFLM significantly improved weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and production efficiency factor (PEF). No detrimental effect was observed on carcass and specific organ measurements. Using the partial budgeting approach on a 500-bird estimation an increase of one thousand, one hundred and eleven Ghana cedis (GH₵1,111.00) was obtained when the fishmeal was replaced with BSFLM. Also, an increase of four hundred and sixty-seven Ghana cedis (GH₵467.00) was estimated when soybean meal was partially replaced with BSFLM. It was concluded that BSFLM can be used to improve the productivity and profitability of broiler production.

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A COMPARISON OF RAPESEED MEAL AND SOYBEAN MEAL AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN AND PROTECTED LIPID AS A SOURCE OF SUPPLEMENTAL ENERGY FOR CALF STARTER DIETS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas80-045 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 359-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

L. J. FISHER

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Kidney Fat ◽

Formed Part

Thirty male Holstein calves were utilized in a 2 × 3 factorial experiment designed to compare rapeseed meal (cv. Candle) and soybean meal as protein supplements and 0, 10, and 20% levels of protected lipid as a form of supplemental energy for starter rations. The six rations were fed free choice from 21 to 70 days of the experiment with whole milk fed at 10% of body weight from 0 to 42 days. Starter intake was similar for the two protein sources but significantly less for the ration containing 10% protected lipid compared to either the 0 or 20% levels. Body weight gain was faster for calves fed the starter containing 20% protected lipid compared to those fed the 10% level. Efficiency of feed conversion was greater for calves receiving protected lipid. There were no differences between protein source in dry matter intake, body weight gain, efficiency of feed conversion, apparent dry matter digestibility or dressing percent. Plasma glucose and percent hematocrit were significantly lower and percent kidney fat significantly higher for calves fed starter rations containing soybean meal. The relative availability of copper was reduced significantly when soybean meal or 20% protected lipid formed part of the starter diet. It was concluded from this study that Candle rapeseed meal was a suitable source of supplemental protein for calf starter diets and that the inclusion of protected lipid improved feed conversion of calves from 43 to 70 days of age.

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Utilization of Nuisance Aquatic Plant (Duckweed) in Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal in Feeding Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Fingerlings.

NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES ◽

10.46912/napas.34 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 113-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

O A Aghoghovwia ◽

S T Obah ◽

E I Ohimain

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Aquatic Macrophyte ◽

Control Diet ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

A Value ◽

Inclusion Rate ◽

Bean Meal

Duckweed (Lemna gibba), a nuisance aquatic macrophyte, was studied as a substitute for the partially replacement ofsoya bean meal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Four dry diets formulated at 4% crude protein were fed to fingerlings at 0% (control) 10%, 20% and 30% inclusion levels of duckweed meal named as Diet A, B, C and D respectively. The fish were feed at 5% body weight and was assessed for feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), survival rate among others. The highest growth performance and nutrient utilization was recorded at diet D i.e. 30% inclusion rate of duckweed with a mean weight gain of 5.45 + 0.309g, and food conversion ratioof 3.32 + 0.43 which was significantly different (P < 0.05) to the values obtained for other diets. The lowest weight gain was recorded in diet A i.e. the control diet, with a value of 3.06 + 0.03g. The result of this study showed that as the inclusion rate of duckweed is increased, there was a corresponding increase in the growth rate of the fish. The study demonstrated that duckweed can be used for the replacement of soya beans in the diet of catfish fingerlings, thus converting a nuisance weed into useful feed component for the reduction of feeding cost.

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INFLUENCE OF SUPPLEMENTARY CELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES (DRISELASE) ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS FED RATIONS CONTAINING RAPESEED MEAL

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas82-027 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 269-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Y. K. GOH ◽

A. SHIRES ◽

A. R. ROBBLEE ◽

D. R. CLANDININ

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Key Words ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

The Other ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽

Feed Conversion

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of supplementing broiler rations with a multiple cellulolytic enzymes system (Driselase) on the performance of chicks raised to 4 wk of age (exp. 1) and to 8 wk of age (exp. 2). Four broiler rations unsupplemented or supplemented with 0.03% Driselase were used in the study. One of the rations was based on soybean meal and wheat while the other three contained 20% rapeseed meal (produced from Regent, Candle and Turret cultivars of rapeseed) as a partial replacement for soybean meal. The results obtained in both experiments indicated a lack of response in body weight and feed conversion of the chicks to Driselase supplementation. In both experiments, the chicks receiving the rations containing rapeseed meal showed varying degrees of thyroid enlargement depending on the cultivar of rapeseed from which the meal was produced, with Turret meal causing the greatest increase in thyroid size. Key words: Driselase, cellulolytic enzymes, broilers, performance, rapeseed meal

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Performance of growing-finishing pigs fed barley-based diets containing toasted or non-toasted canola meal

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a04-056 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 53-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

P. A. Thacker ◽

R. W. Newkirk

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Control Diet ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Glucosinolate Content ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Similar Weight

Eighty crossbred pigs (28.7 ± 3.9 kg BW) were assigned to one of five dietary treatments in a factorial design experiment (sex × treatment). The control diet was formulated using barley and soybean meal, while four experimental diets were formulated with either toasted or non-toasted canola meal replacing either half or all of the soybean meal in the test diets. The total glucosinolate content of the non-toasted meal was more than 15-fold higher than the to asted meal (1.01 vs. 15.58 µmol g-1). The principal glucosinolates in the non-toasted meal were 3-butenyl (3.05 µmol g-1), 2-OH-3-butenyl (5.47 µmol g-1) and 4-OH-3-methylindoyl (4.68 µmol g-1). Digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy were significantly (P < 0.05) lower for the toasted and non-toasted canola meal diets compared with the soybean meal diet. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in digestibility coefficients between the two canola meals. Digestibility coefficients were higher (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the diets in which canola meal supplied only 50% of the supplementary protein compared with diets in which 100% of the supplementary protein was supplied by canola meal. Pigs fed toasted canola meal had similar weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion (P > 0.05) as pigs fed soybean meal while pigs fed non-toasted canola meal had lower weight gain and feed intake (P < 0.05) than pigs fed soybean meal. Feed conversion was unaffected by dietary treatment (P > 0.05). There were no significant effects (P < 0.05) due to diet on any carcass trait. The overall results of this experiment indicate that omitting the desolventization/toasting procedure from the process involved in the production of canola meal did not result in an improvement in the performance of pigs fed diets containing canola meal. Key words: Pigs, canola meal, performance, digestibility, carcass, toasting

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RAPESEED MEAL AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR SOYBEAN MEAL IN THE DIETS OF GROWING GILTS AND OF SOWS FOR UP TO THREE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLES

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas73-054 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 355-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J. P. BOWLAND ◽

R. T. HARDIN

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Cycle ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Gestation Length ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Reproductive Cycles ◽

Growth And Reproduction

An experiment with 32 crossbred gilts averaging 10 kg at allotment was designed to evaluate prepress-solvent extracted rapeseed meal (RSM) of Brassica campestris origin as a partial replacement for soybean meal (SBM) in diets of sows during growth or growth and reproduction when the sows were retained for three reproductive cycles. Four treatments were involved: (1) sows fed SBM throughout; (2) gilts fed 6% RSM to 90 kg and SBM for the remainder of the experiment; (3) gilts fed 6% RSM to immediately prior to first mating and SBM for the remainder of the experiment; (4) sows fed 6% RSM throughout. A second experiment with 16 mature Yorkshire sows evaluated the same RSM for one reproductive cycle only as a partial replacement for SBM when introduced into the diet immediately prior to breeding. During the growing period to 90 kg, daily feed intake, gain, and feed conversion did not differ significantly for gilts fed 0 or 6% dietary rapeseed meal, daily gain averaging 0.68 kg. Digestible energy, metabolizable energy, digestible nitrogen, and nitrogen retention coefficients were not influenced by level of dietary RSM or by period (15 or 45 kg) at which digestibility studies were conducted. Gestation length, litter size, and weight at birth and weaning were not influenced by dietary treatment in either experiment. Thyroid weights and ratio of thyroid weight to body weight of representative 2-wk-old female pigs did not differ significantly between treatments. In the first experiment, there was an average disposal of 23% of the sows per reproductive cycle because of failure to breed, failure to conceive, and other causes but these removals did not appear to be associated with treatment. The overall results suggest that up to 6% RSM of the type fed is not detrimental to sow performance when the RSM is fed during growth, throughout growth and reproduction, or when introduced suddenly at the time of breeding.

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Effect of Graded Substitution of Soybean Meal by Hermetia illucens Larvae Meal on Animal Performance, Apparent Ileal Digestibility, Gut Histology and Microbial Metabolites of Broilers

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061628 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1628

Author(s):

Kristina Hartinger ◽

Julia Greinix ◽

Nathalie Thaler ◽

Marco Antonio Ebbing ◽

Nadia Yacoubi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Microbial Metabolites ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Hermetia Illucens ◽

Broiler Performance ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Alternative Protein ◽

Intestinal Morphometry

The usage of insects as an alternative protein source for broiler feeds may help to reduce the dependency on soybean meal (SBM) imports. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the replacement of 15 (SL15) or 30% (SL30) of crude protein (CP) from SBM with Hermetia illucens (HI) defatted larvae meal regarding broiler performance, carcass traits, apparent ileal digestibility, intestinal morphology, and microbial metabolites. Concerning the performance, body weight was similar for the control (CON) and SL15, but lower for SL30 during all feeding phases. In addition, average daily feed intake was higher in SL15 and SL30 compared to CON in the starter phase, but this effect vanished during grower and finisher phase. The apparent ileal digestibility decreased for CP and some amino acids with increasing HI larvae meal in the diet. No or marginal alterations were observed for the intestinal morphometry as well as cecal microbial metabolites. In conclusion, partial replacement of 15% SBM CP with HI larvae meal in broiler diets without impairing animal performance or health seems possible. The growth suppression with 30% CP substitution may be caused by reduced apparent ileal digestibility but could not be clearly associated with adverse effects of hindgut fermentation or altered gut morphology.

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Rapeseed meal as an alternative protein source in the diet of GIFT tilapia cultured in cages in reservoir

Indian Journal of Fisheries ◽

10.21077/ijf.2019.66.3.89076-09 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Aurobinda Upadhyay ◽

N. Felix ◽

E. Prabu

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Whole Body ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Alternative Protein ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Gift Tilapia

Evaluation of the efficiency of rapeseed meal (RSM) as an alternative protein source by replacing soybean meal (SBM) in the diets of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus was carried out in cages installed at Poondi Reservoir, Tamil Nadu, South India. Five isonitrogenous (30% protein) and isolipidic (7% lipid) diets were formulated by incorporating RSM protein by replacing SBM protein at 0 (control diet), 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels (0RSM, 25RSM, 50RSM, 75RSM and 100RSM). Each diet was fed to two replicate groups of GIFT tilapia with a mean initial weight of 20.38 ± 0.07 g for 60 days in cages. GIFT tilapia fishes fed with 75RSM diet attained maximum percentage weight gain, PWG (590.89 %), maximum specific growth rate, SGR (3.22), best feed conversion ratio, FCR (1.03) and maximum protein efficiency ratio, PER (3.23) among the treatments. The fishes fed with 0RSM, 50RSM and 100RSM diets showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in mean weight gain, MWG, SGR, FCR and PER. No significant difference in hepatosomatic index, HSI was found among the fishes fed with 0RSM, 75RSM and 100RSM diets. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) observed in survival between treatments. The whole body proximate composition (moisture, protein, lipid and ash) of GIFT tilapia did not differ significantly (p>0.05) among the treatments. It was concluded that, rapeseed meal can completely (100%) replace soybean meal protein in the diets of cage cultured GIFT tilapia in reservoir, without compromising growth, feed conversion ratio and whole body composition.

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Growth performance of fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus fed fermented seed of Senna obtusifolia (Linn)

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v44i2.1121 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 271-280

Author(s):

H. U. Onimisi ◽

S. J. Oniye ◽

J. K. Balogun ◽

P. I. Bolorunduro

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Senna Obtusifolia ◽

Significant Difference

The effects of replacing soybean meal with graded levels of fermented Senna obtusifolia seed meals (SOSM) on the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus were investigated. Five isonitrogenous (42% crude protein) and isocaloric (25.7% NFE) diets were formulated in which fermented replaced soybean meal (SBM) at 0% (SOSM0), 25% (SOSM25), 50% (SOSM50), 75% (SOSM75) and 100% (SOSM100) inclusion levels and a commercial feed (CmF) as the second control. Three hundred and sixty (360) fingerlings of (Clarias gariepinus) mean weight (2.85±0.01g) were stocked at (20) fish per tank volume in triplicate groups per treatment and fed 3% body weight twice a day of the experimental diets for 180 days. The feeding rate was adjusted after weighing. The water qualities were within range recommended for Clarias gariepinus. There were no significant differences (p> 0.05) in growth performance and nutrient utilization between the control groups and those fed the fermented SOSM diets at 25%. The commercial, 0% and 25% groups had the highest mean weight gain (279 to 280 g), significantly (P<0.05) superior to the groups that received the, 50%, 75% while the group that received 100% SOSM diet had the poorest mean weight gain (132.72g). Feed conversion ratios (FCR) of all treatments ranged from (1.75 to 2.18). These values increased slightly by increasing levels of fermented SOSM from 50 to 100%. The best FCR, 1.75± 0.02, recorded for fish fed 25% fermented SOSM indicated a superior level of utilization of the SOSM diet by the fish. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the protein intake among the group of fish fed 0 and 25%, but significant difference (P<0.05) occur in fish fed 50, 75 and 100% fermented SOSM respectively. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) exhibited significant differences (P<0.05) in all treatments except in the control diets that were not statistically different (P>0.05) from the fish fed the 25% fermented SOSM. The PER values increased among the experimental fish with respect to the quantity of total feed intake. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) among treatments CmF, 0% and 25%. The ANPU was highest in fish fed 0% fermented SOSM (91.6±0.04) while fish fed 75 and 100 % fermented SOSM in diets were 71.4±0.02 and 73.4±0.03 were the least. There was a significant (P<0.05) difference in the effect of the inclusion levels of fermented (SOSM) on final body carcass composition among treatments. This study showed that soybean meal can be substituted with fermented Senna obtusifolia seed meal up to 25% level in Clarias gariepinus diets without any negative effects on the growth and feed efficiency.

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